# T_05

02出典:
Sado, P. N., K. C. Jinneman, G. J. Husby, S. M. Sorg, and C. J. Omiecinski. 1998.Identification of Listeria monocytogenes from unpasteurized apple juice usingrapid test kits. Journal of Food Protection 61:1199-1202.


02出典:
Bell BP, Goldoft M, Griffin PM, Davis MA, Gordon DC, Tarr PI, Bartleson CA, Lewis JH, Barrett TJ, Wells JG, et al. A multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7-associated bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome from hamburgers. The Washington experience. JAMA 1994; 272 (17):1349-53.


02出典:
Salamah, A. A. 1993. Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenesfrom fresh vegetables in Saudi Arabia and their growth in some vegetable juices.Journal University of Kuwait (Science) 20:283-290.


02出典:
Salamina, G., E. Dalle Donne, A. Niccolini, G. Poda, D. Cesaroni, M. Bucci, R. Fini, M.Maldini, A. Schuchat, B. Swaminathan, W. Bibb, J. Rocourt, N. Binkin, and S.Salmaso. 1996. A foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis involving Listeriamonocytogenes. Epidemiology and Infection 117:429-436.


02出典:
Saltijeral, J., A. Cordova, G. Rulz, and L. Saltijeral. 1998, Detection of Listeriamonocytogenes in soft cheese in Mexico City. 4th World Congress FoodborneInfections and Intoxications Proceedings. II:920-923.


02出典:
Saltijeral, J. A., V. B. Alvarez, and B. Garcia. 1999. Presence of Listeria in Mexicancheeses. Journal of Food Safety 19:241-247.


02出典:
Salvat, G., M. T. Toquin, Y. Michel, and P. Colin. 1995. Control of Listeriamonocytogenes in the delicatessen industries: The lessons of a listeriosis outbreakin France. International Journal of Food Microbiology 25:75-81.


02出典:
Sanchez-Rey, R., B. Poullet, P. Caceres, and G. Larriba. 1993. Microbiological qualityand incidence of some pathogenic microorganisms in La Serena cheesethroughout ripening. Journal of Food Protection 56:879-881.


02出典:
Infectious Agents Surveillance Center. Outbreaks of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection, 1996, Japan. Infect Agents Surveill Rep 1996; 17:180-81.


02出典:
Santema, J. G., J. G. Broekman, H. P. Endtz, and H. C. Wallenburg. 1994. Perinatallisteriosis in a Dutch woman returning from holiday in France. European Journalof Obstetics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 53:69-71.


02出典:
Sarimehmetoglu, B. and S. Kaymaz. 1994. Turk salamura beyaz peynirinde yapim veolgunlasma asamalarinin Listeria monocytogenes uzerine etkisi. AnkaraUniversitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi 41:234-242.


02出典:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Foodborne outbreak of gastro-enteritis caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7--North Dakota, 1990. MMWR 1991; 40:265-67.


02出典:
Schaack, M. M. and E. H. Marth. 1988. Survival of Listeria monocytogenes inrefrigerated cultured milks and yogurt. Journal of Food Protection 51:848-852.


02出典:
Schlech, W. F. 1996. Overview of listeriosis. Food Control 7:183-186.


02出典:
Schlech, W. F., III, D. P. Chase, and A. Badley. 1993. A model of food-borne Listeriamonocytogenes infection in the Sprague-Dawley rat using gastric inoculation:development and effect of gastric acidity on infective dose. International Journalof Food Microbiology 18:15-24.


02出典:
Schlech, W. F., III,, P. M. Lavigne, R. A. Bortolussi, A. C. Allen, E. V. Haldane, A. J.Wort, A. W. Hightower, S. E. Johnson, S. H. King, E. S. Nicholls, and C. V.Broome. 1983. Epidemic listeriosis: Evidence for transmission by food. MedicalIntelligence 308:203-206.


02出典:
Schmidt, U., H. P. R. Seeliger, E. Glenn, B. Langer, and L. Leistner. 1988. Listerienfundein rohen fleischerzeugnissen. Fleischwirtach 68:1313-1316.


02出典:
Borczyk AA, Karmali MA, Lior H, Duncan LM. Bovine reservoir for verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7. [letter]. Lancet 1997; 1:98.


02出典:
Schuchat, A., K. Deaver, P. S. Hayes, L. M. Graves, L. Mascola, and J. D. Wenger. 1993.Gastrointestional carriage of Listeria monocytogenes in household contacts ofpatients with listeriosis. Journal of Infectious Diseases 167:1261-1262.


02出典:
Casenave C, Desenclos JC, Maillot E, Benoit S, Deschenes G, Nivet H, Grimont F, Baron S, Mariani P, Grimont PAD. Eclosion de syndrome hemolytique et uremique dans une commune rurale du Cher. Bull Epidemiol Hebdomadaire 1993; (48):222-24.


02出典:
Schuchat, A., K. A. Deaver, J. D. Wenger, B. D. Plikaytis, L. Mascola, R. W. Pinner, A.L. Reingold, C. V. Broome, and Listeria Study Group. 1992. Role of foods insporadic listeriopsis. 1. Case-control study of dietary risk factors. Journal of theAmerican Medical Association 267:2041-2045.


02出典:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Community outbreak of hemolytic uremic syndrome attributable to Escherichia coli O111:NM--South Australia 1995. MMWR 1995; 44 (29):550-51.


02出典:
Besser RE, Lett SM, Weber JT, Doyle MP, Barrett TJ, Wells JG, Griffin PM. An outbreak of diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome from Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fresh-pressed apple cider. JAMA 1993; 269 (17):2217-20.


02出典:
Schuchat, A., B. Swaminathan, and C. V. Broome. 1991. Epidemiology of humanlisteriosis. Clinical Microbiological Review 4:169-183.


02出典:
Steele BT, Murphy N, Arbus GS, Rance CP. An outbreak of hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with ingestion of fresh apple juice. J Pediatr 1982; 101 (6):963-65.


02出典:
Schwartz, B., C. A. Ciesielski, C. V. Broome, S. Gaventa, G. R. Brown, B. G. Gellin, A.W. Hightower, L. Mascola, and Listeriosis Study Group. 1988. Association ofsporadic listeriosis with consumption of uncooked hot dogs and undercookedchicken. Lancet 332:779-782.


02出典:
Schwartz, B., D. Hexter, C. V. Broome, A. W. Hightower, R. B. Hirschhorn, J. D. Porter,P. S. Hayes, W. F. Bibb, B. Lorber, and D. G. Faris. 1989. Investigation of anoutbreak of listeriosis: New hypotheses for the etiology of epidemic Listeriamonocytogenes infections. Journal of Infectious Diseases 159:680-685.


02出典:
Schwartz, R. H. 1999. Immunological tolerance, Pages 701-739 in W. E. Paul, ed.Fundemental Immunology, 4th edition. Philadelphia, Lippincott-RavenPublishers.


02出典:
Seaman, J. T., G. I. Carter, M. J. Carrigan, and F. A. Cockram. 1989. An outbreak oflisterial myelitis in sheep. Australian Veterinary Journal 67:1215-1216.


02出典:
Swerdlow DL, Woodruff BA, Brady RC, Griffin PM, Tippen S, Donnell HD, Jr., Geldreich E, Payne BJ, Meyer A, Jr., Wells JG, et al. A waterborne outbreak in Missouri of Escherichia coli O157:H7 associated with bloody diarrhea and death. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117 (10):812-19.


02出典:
Seeliger, H. P. R. and K. Hohne. 1979. Serotyping of Listeria monocytogenes and relatedspecies. Methods in Microbiology 13:31-49.


02出典:
Sergelidis, D., A. Abrahim, A. Sarimvei, C. Panoulis, P. Karaioannoglou, and C.Genigeorgis. 1997. Temperature distribution and prevalence of Listeria spp. indomestic, retail and industrial refrigerators in Greece. International Journal ofFood Microbiology 34:171-177.


02出典:
Rowe PC, Orrbine E, Lior H, Wells GA, McLaine PN. Diarrhoea in close contacts as a risk factor for childhood haemolytic uraemic syndrome. The CPKDRC co-investigators.Epidemiol Infect 1993; 110 (1):9-16.


02出典:
Shank, F. R., E. L. Elliot, I. K. Wachsmuth, and M. E. Losikoff. 1996. US position onListeria monocytogenes in foods. Food Control 7:229-234.


02出典:
Sharif, A. and N. Tunail. 1991. Cesitli yorelere ait cig sutler ile Ankara piyasasindasatilan pastorize sutlerde Listeria monocytogenes knotaminasyonununarastirilmasi (Investigation on Listeria monocytogenes contamination of raw milkobtained from different regions of Antolia and pasteurized milk sold in Ankara.Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni 25:15-20.


02出典:
Shelef, L. A. 1989a. Listeriosis and its transmission by food. Progress in Food andNutrition Science 13:363-382.


02出典:
Boudailliez B, Berquin P, Mariani-Kurkdjian P, Ilef D, Cuvelier B, Capek I, Tribout B, Bingen E, Piussan C. Possible person-to-person transmission of Escherichia coli O111 . associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 1997; (11):36.


02出典:
Shelef, L. A. 1989b. Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in ground beef or liver duringstorage at 4 and 25oC. Journal of Food Protection 52:379-383.


02出典:
Shukla R, Slack R, George A, Cheasty T, Rowe B, Scutter J. Escherichia coli O157 infectionassociated with a farm visitor centre. Communicable Disease Report 1994; 5 (6):R86-90.


02出典:
Shineman, T. L. and M. A. Harrison. 1994. Growth of Listeria monocytogenes ondifferent muscle tissues. Journal of Food Protection 57:1057-1062.


02出典:
Simon, M. C., D. I. Gray, and N. Cook. 1996. DNA extraction and PCR methods for thedetection of Listeria monocytogenes in cold-smoked salmon. AppliedEnvironmental Microbiology 62:822-824.


02出典:
Simpson, D. M. 1996. Microbiology and epidemiology in foodborne disease outbreaks:The whys and when nots. Journal of Food Protection 59:93-95.


02出典:
Siragusa, G. R. and M. G. Johnson. 1988a. Detection by conventional culture methodsand a commercial ELISA test of Listeria monocytogenes added to cookedchicken. Poultry Science 67:157.


02出典:
De Valk H, Decludt B. Diagnostic des infections a Escherichia coli enterohemorragiques : enquete aupres de laboratoires hospitaliers de bacteriologie. Reseau national de sante publique, Saint-Maurice, France, novembre 1997.


02出典:
Siragusa, G. R. and M. G. Johnson. 1988b. Persistence of Listeria monocytogenes inyogurt as determined by direct plating and cold enrichment methods.International Journal of Food Microbiology 7:147-160.


02出典:
Siragusa, G. R., K. J. Moore, and M. G. Johnson. 1988. Persistence on and recovery ofListeria from refrigerated processed poultry. Journal of Food Protection 51:831-832.


02出典:
Sizmur, K. and C. W. Walker. 1988. Listeria in prepacked salads. The Lancet 331:1167.


02出典:
Decludt B. Surveillance du syndrome hemolytique et uremique chez les enfants de moins de 15 ans en 1996. Bulletin epidemiologique hebdomadaire numero special fevrier 1998; 43-4.


02出典:
Skidmore, A. G. 1981. Listeriosis at Vancouver General Hospital, 1965-79. CanadianMedical Association 125:1217-1221.


02出典:
Skovgaard, N. and C.-A. Morgan. 1988. Detection of Listeria species in feces fromanimals, in feeds, and in raw food of animal origin. International Journal of FoodMicrobiology 6:229-242.


02出典:
Haeghebaert S, Vaillant V, Bouvet P, Grimont F, et le reseau des Nephrologues pediatres. Surveillance du syndrome hemolytique et uremique chez les enfants de moins de 15 ans en 2000. Bull epidemiol hebd 2002; 29:145-7.


02出典:
Slade, P. J. and D. L. Collins-Thompson. 1988. Enumeration of Listeria monocytogenesin raw milk. Letters in Applied Microbiology 6:121-123.


02出典:
Slade, P. J., D. L. Collins-Thompson, and F. Fletcher. 1988. Incidence of Listeria speciesin Ontario raw milk. Canadian Institute Food Science and Technology Journal21:425-429.


02出典:
Decludt B. Syndrome hemolytique et uremique en France. Epidemiologie et agents responsables (avril 1995 mars 1996) Reseau national de sante publique, Saint-Maurice, France. Juin 1997. 83 p.


02出典:
Slutsker, L. and A. Schuchat. 1999. Listeriosis in humans, Pages 75-95 in E. T. Ryser andE. H. Marth, eds. Listeria, Listeriosis and Food Safety. Food Science andTechnology. New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc.


02出典:
Sprong, R. C., M. F. Hulstein, and R. Van der Meer. 1999. High intake of milk fatinhibits intestinal colonization of Listeria but not of Salmonella in rats. Journal ofNutrition 129:1382-1389.


02出典:
Decludt B, Bouvet P, Mariani-Kurdjian P, Grimont F, Grimont PAD, Hubert B, Loirat C and the Societe de nephrologie pediatrique. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome and shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infection in France. Epidemiol infect 2000; 124:215


02出典:
Stecchini, M. L., V. Aquili, and I. Sarais. 1995. Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes inmozzarella cheese in the presence of Lactococcus lactis. International Journal ofFood Microbiology 25:301-310.


02出典:
Stecha, P. F., C. A. Heynen, J. T. Roll, J. F. Brown, and C. J. Czuprynski. 1989. Effectsof growth temperature on the ingestion and killing of clinical isolates of Listeriamonocytogenes by human neutrophils. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 27:1572-1576.


02出典:
Steele, M. L., W. B. McNab, C. Poppe, M. W. Griffiths, S. Chen, S. A. Degrandis, L. C.Fruhner, C. A. Larkin, J. A. Lynch, and J. A. Odumeru. 1997. Survey of Ontariobulk tank raw milk for food-borne pathogens. Journal of Food Protection60:1341-1346.


02出典:
Steinbruegge, E. G., R. B. Maxcy, and M. B. Liewen. 1988. Fate of Listeriamonocytogenes on ready to serve lettuce. Journal of Food Protection 51:596-599.


02出典:
Stelma, G. N., A. L. Reyes, J. T. Peeler, D. W. Francis, J. M. Hunt, P. L. Spaulding, C. H.Johnson, and J. Lovett. 1987. Pathogenicity test for Listeria monocytogenes usingimmunocompromised mice. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 25:2085-2089.


02出典:
Tarr PI. Escherichia coli O157H7: clinical, diagnostic and epidemiological aspects of human infection. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 20:1-7.


02出典:
Stone, D. L. 1987. A survey of raw whole milk for Campylobacter jejuni, Listeriamonocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica. New Zealand Journal of DairyScience and Technology 22:257-264.


02出典:
Vaillant V, Espie E. Facteurs de risque de survenue des syndromes hemolytiques et uremiques lies a une infection a Escherichia coli producteur de shiga-toxines chez les enfants ages de moins de 15 ans en France. Etude cas-temoins nationale 2000-2001. Institut de veille sanitaire, Saint-Maurice, France. octobre 2002. 59 p.


02出典:
Milford DV, Taylor CM, Guttridge B, Hall SM, Rowe B, Kleanthous H. Haemolytic uraemic syndromes in the British Isles 1985-8: association with verocytotoxin producing Escherichia coli. Part 1: Clinical and epidemiological aspects. Arch Dis Child 1990; 65(7):716-21.


02出典:
Goulet V, de Valk H, Pierre O, et al. Effect of preventive measures on incidence of human listeriosis, France, 1987-1997. EID; 2001; 7:983-89.


02出典:
Goulet V et al. La surveillance de la Listeriose humaine en France en 2000. Surveillance nationale des maladies infectieuses 1998-2000, janvier 2003; 137-43.


02出典:
Goulet V, Marchetti Ph. Listeriosis in 225 non-pregnant patients in 1992: clinical aspects and outcome in relation to predsiposing conditions. Scand J Infect Dis, 1996; 28:367-374.


02出典:
Travers K, Barza M. Morbidity of infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34(suppl 3):S131-4.


02出典:
Vegas R. Bilan de six annees de surveillance des salmonelloses humaines en Mayenne (1993-98). Inspection de la Sante. Direction departementale de l’action sanitaire et sociale de la Mayenne (Avril 1999); R. Vegas, communication personnelle.


02出典:
Nuiaouet C, Nuiaouet-Tran Quyet Chinh E, Salamanca D, Guillaumot, Vieuxbled J, Bernard N.Les Salmonelloses dans le Morbihan. Enquete realisee aupres des laboratoires d’analyse de biologie medicale, Bilan 1994-95. Departement sante publique, Direction departementale de l’action sanitaire et Sociale du Morbihan.


02出典:
Protocole de declaration de certaines maladies infectieuses a la Ddass par les laboratoires d’analyses medicales du departement de l’Orne. Declaration des examens en 1997-1998-1999 tous laboratoires confondus. Direction departementale de l’action sanitaire et sociale de l’Orne


02出典:
Charlet F. Les gastro-enterites a Campylobacter en Charente-Maritime en 1996. Directiondepartementale de l’action sanitaire et sociale de Charente-Maritime.


02出典:
Evans MR, Tromans JP, Dexter EL, Ribeiro CD, Gardner D. Consecutive salmonella outbreaks traced to the same bakery. Epidemiol Infect 1996; 116 (2):161-67.


02出典:
Hennessy TW, Hedberg CW, Slutsker L, White KE, Besser-Wiek JM, Moen ME, Feldman J,Coleman WW, Edmonson LM, MacDonald KL, Osterholm MT. A national outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis infections from ice cream. The Investigation Team. N Engl J Med 1996; 334 (20):1281-86.


02出典:
Torok TJ, Tauxe RV, Wise RP, Livengood JR, Sokolow R, Mauvais S, Birkness KA, Skeels MR, Horan JM, Foster LR. A large community outbreak of salmonellosis caused by intentionalcontamination of restaurant salad bars. JAMA 1997; 278 (5):389-95.


02出典:
Thornton L, Gray S, Bingham P, Salmon SL, Hutchinson DN, Rowe B, Newton D, Syed QU. The problems of tracing a geographically widespread outbreak of salmonellosis from a commonly eaten food: Salmonella typhimurium DT 193 in North West England and North Wales in 1991. Epidemiol Infect 1993; 111:465-71.


02出典:
Llewellyn LJ, Evans MR, Palmer SR. Use of sequential case-control studies to investigate acommunity Salmonella outbreak in Wales. J Epidemiol Community Health 1998; 52:272-76.


02出典:
Frazak PA, Jazmierczak JJ, Davis JP, Larson J, Loerke R. Outbreak of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium infection associated with eating raw ground beef . Wisconsin, 1994. JAMA 1996; 275:353-54.


02出典:
Evans MR, Salmon RL, Nehaul L, Mably S, Wafford L, Nolan-Farrell MZ, Gardner D, Ribeiro CD. An outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium DT170 associated with kebab meat and yogurt relish. Epidemiol Infect 1999; 122 (3):377-83.


02出典:
De Valk H, Delarocque-Astagneau E, Colomb G, Ple S, Godard E, Vaillant V, Haeghebaert S,Bouvet PH, Grimont F, Grimont P, Desenclos JC. A community--wide outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium infection associated with eating a raw milk soft cheese in France. Epidemiol Infect 2000; 124 (1):1-7.


02出典:
Wall PG, Morgan D, Lamden K, Ryan M, Griffin M, Threlfall EJ, Ward LR, Rowe B. A case-control study of infection with an epidemic strain of multi-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT 104 in England and Wales. Commun Dis Rep 1994; 11:130-35.


02出典:
Cody SH, Abbott SL, Marfin AA, Schulz B, Wagner P, Robbins K, Mohle-Boetani JC, Vugia DJ. Two outbreaks of multidrug-resistant Salmonella serotype typhimurium DT104 infections linked to rawmilk cheese in Northern California. JAMA 1999; 281 (19):1805-10.


02出典:
Decludt B, Haeghebaert S, Bouvet P, Grimont P. Epidemie de salmonellose a Salmonella serotype Hadar. Bull Epidemiol Hebdomadaire 1996; 32:140-41.


02出典:
Desenclos JC, Rebiere I, Bouvet P, Benz-Lemoine E, Robain M, Bouvier N, Ponge A, Viannez-Gaide AM, Paoli C, Bleuze V, Tran Quyet Chinh E, Grimont F, Grimont P. Bilan de l’investigation de epidemies communautaires de salmonelloses, France, 1991-1995. Bull Epidemiol Hebdomadaire1996; 9:39-43.


02出典:
Van Beneden CA, Keene WE, Strang RA, Werker DH, King AS, Mahon B, Hedberg K, Bell A, Kelly MT, Balan VK, Mac Kenzie WR, Fleming D. Multinational outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Newport infections due to contaminated alfalfa sprouts. JAMA 1999; 281 (2):158-62.


02出典:
Travers K, Barza M. Morbidity of infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34 (suppl3):S131-4.


02出典:
Sulzer, G. and M. Busse. 1993. Behaviour of Listeria species during the production ofCamembert cheese under various conditions of inoculation and ripening.Milchwissenschaft 48:196-199.


02出典:
Swardson, A. 1999. In a ferment over cheese: Bacteria scare making French reviewproduction methods, Pages A18-A19, The Washington Post, April 22.Washington, DC.


02出典:
Dunn RA, Hall WN, Altamirano JV, Dietrich SE, Robinson-Dunn B, Johnson DR. Outbreak of Shigella flexneri linked to salad prepared at a central commissary in Michigan. Public Health Rep. 1995 Sep-Oct;110(5):580-6.


02出典:
Kapperud G, Rorvik LM, Hasseltvedt V, Hoiby EA, Iversen BG, Staveland K, Johnsen G, Leitao J, Herikstad H, Andersson Y, et al. Outbreak of Shigella sonnei infection traced to imported iceberg lettuce. J Clin Microbiol. 1995 Mar; 33(3):609-14.


02出典:
Szabo, E. A. and M. E. Cahill. 1999. Nisin and ALTAtm 2341 inhibit the growth ofListeria monocytogenes on smoked salmon packaged under vacuum or 100%CO2. Letters in Applied Microbiology 28:373-377.


02出典:
Takai, S., F. Orii, Yasuda, K., S. Inoue, and S. Tsubaki. 1990. Isolation of Listeriamonocytogenes from raw milk and its environment at dairy farms in Japan.Microbiology and Immunology 34:631-634.


02出典:
Tang, M. Y., Y. M. Cheong, and T. Zainuldin. 1994. Incidence of Listeria species invegetables in Kuala Lumpur. Medical Journal of Malaysia 49:217-222.


02出典:
Lina G, Etienne J, Vandenesch F. Les syndromes toxiques staphylococciques en France de 1994 a 1997. Bull Epidemiol Hebdo 1998; 17:69-70.


02出典:
Mead PS, Slutsker L, Dietz V, McCaig LF, Bresee JS, Shapiro C, Griffin PM, Tauxe RV. Food-related illness and death in the United States. Emerg Infect Dis 1999; 5 (5):607-25


02出典:
Shimizu A, Fujita M, Igarashi H, Takagi M, Nagase N, Sasaki A, Kawano J. Characterization ofStaphylococcus aureus coagulase type VII isolates from staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks (1980-1995) in Tokyo, Japan, by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38 (10):3746-49.


02出典:
Bouvet PJM, Grimont PAD. Donnees de surveillance 1999 du Centre national de reference desSalmonella et Shigella. Bull Epidemiol Hebdomadaire 2001; 12:49-52.


02出典:
Valenciano M, Baron S, Fisch A, Grimont F, Desenclos JC. Investigation of concurrent outbreaks of gastro-enteritis and typhoid fever following a party on a floating restaurant, France, March 1998. Am J Epidemiol 2000; 152 (10):934-39.


02出典:
Villadary I, Baron S. Les fievres typhoide et paratyphoides en France en 1995, BEH 1997, fevrier, 14-15.


02出典:
Geneste C, Dab W, Cabanes PA, Vaillant V, Quilici ML, Fournier JM. Les vibrioses non-choleriques en France : cas identifies de 1995 a 1998 par le Centre national de reference. Bull Epidemiol Hebdo 2000; 9:38-40.


02出典:
Geneste C. Infections a vibrions non-choleriques : etude des cas survenus en France metropolitaine et identifies par le Centre national de reference des vibrions et du cholera, de 1995 a 1998. These pour le doctorat en medecine. 1999. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI).


02出典:
Rapports annuels d’activite du Centre national de reference des vibrions et du Cholera.


02出典:
Oubreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections associated with eating raw oysters . Pacific Northwest, 1997. MMWR 1998; 47 (22):457-62


02出典:
Daniels NA, Ray B, Easton A, Marano N, Kahn E, McShan AL 2nd, Del Rosario L, Baldwin T,Kingsley MA, Puhr ND, Wells JG, Angulo FJ. Emergence of a new Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype in raw oysters: A prevention quandary. JAMA 2000; 284 (12):1541-45.


02出典:
Site Web du reseau FoodNet: http://www.cdc.gov/foodnet


02出典:
Lemoine T, Germanetto P, Giraud P. Toxi-infection alimentaire collective a Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Bull Epidemiol Hebdo 1999; 10.


02出典:
Gourdon F, Beytout J, Reynaud A, Romaszko JP, Perre D, Theodore P, Soubelet H, Sirot J. Human and animal epidemic of Yersinia enterocolitica O:9, 1989-1997, Auvergne, France. Emerg Infect Dis 1999; 5 (5):719-21.


02出典:
Tacket CO, Ballard J, Harris N, Allard J, Nolan C, Quan T, Cohen LM. An outbreak of Yersinia entrocolitica infections caused by contaminated tofu (soybean curd). Am J Epidemiol 1985; 121(5):705-11.


02出典:
Ackers ML, Schoenfeld S, Markman J, Smith MG, Nicholson MA, DeWitt W, Cameron DN, GriffinPM, Slutsker L. An outbreak of Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 infections associated with pasteurized milk. J Infect Dis 2000; 181 (5):1834-37.


02出典:
Site web du Reseau FoodNet: http://www.cdc.gov/foodnet/.


02出典:
De Witt M, Koopmans M, Kortbeek, van Leeuwen N, Bartelds I, van Duynhoven Y. Gastro-enterititis in sentinel general practices, the Nethertlands. Emerg Infect Dis 2001, 7.


02出典:
Aszkenasy OM. A community outbreak of hepatitis A in a religious community in Indiana : failure of immune serum globulin to prevent the spread of infection. Epidemiol Infect 2000; 124 (2):309-13.


02出典:
Weltman AC, Bennett NM, Ackman DA, Misage JH, Campana JJ, Fine LS, Doniger AS, Balzano GJ, Birkhead GS. An outbreak of hepatitis A associated with a bakery, New York, 1994: the 1968 ≪ West Branch, Michigan outbreak repeated. Epidemiol Infect 1996; 117 (2):333-41.


02出典:
Bon F, Fascia P, Dauvergne M, Tenenbaum D, Planson H, Petion AM, Pothier P, Kohli E. Prevalence of group A rotavirus, human calicivirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus type 40 and 41 infections among children with acute gastro-enteritis in Dijon, France. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:3055-58.


02出典:
Sawyer LA, Murphy JJ, Kaplan JE, Pinsky PF, Chacon D, Walmsley S, Schonberger LB, Phillips A, Forward K, Goldman C, et al. 25- to 30-nm virus particle associated with a hospital outbreak of acute gastro-enteritis with evidence for airborne transmission. Am J Epidemiol 1988; 127 (6):1261-7


02出典:
Dedman D, Laurichesse H, Caul EO, Wall PG. Surveillance of small round structured virus (SRSV) infection in England and Wales, 1990-5. Epidemiol Infect 1998; 121:139-49.


02出典:
Hedlund KO, Rubilar-Abreu E, Svensson L. Epidemiology of calicivirus infections in Sweden, 1994-1998. J Infec D 2000; 181 (S2):S275-80.


02出典:
Pang XL, Honma S, Nakata S, Vesikari T. Human calicivirus in acute gastro-enteritis of young children in the community. J Infect Dis 2000; 181 (S2):S288-94.


02出典:
Chikhi-Brachet R, Bon F, Toubiana L, Pothier P, Nicolas JC, Flahault A, Kohli E. Virus diversity in a winter epidemic of acute diarrhea in France. J Clin Microbiol. 2002; 40:4266-72.


02出典:
De Wit M, Koopmans MPG, Kortbeek LM, van Leeuwen WJ, Vinje J, van Duynhoven Y. Etiology of gastro-enteritis in Sentinel general practices in The Netherlands. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33:280-88.


02出典:
de Wit MA, Hoogenboom-Verdegaal AM, Goosen ES, Sprenger MJ, Borgdorff MW. A populationbased longitudinal study on the incidence and disease burden of gastro-enteritis and Campylobacter and Salmonella infection in four regions of The Netherlands. Eur J Epidemiol. 2000; 16 (8):713-18.


02出典:
Hoogenboom-Vergedaal A, Goosen E, During M, Engels G, Klokman Houweling J, Laar van de M. Epidemiologische en microbiologisch onderzoek met betrekkking tot acute gastro-enteritis in de huisartsen peilstations in Amsterdam en Helmond, 1987-1991. RIVM report no 149101011. Bilthoven, the Netherlands:RIVM; 1994.


02出典:
De Wit MA, Koopmans MP, Kortbeek LM, van Leeuwen NJ, Bartelds AI, van Duynhoven YT.Gastro-enteritis in sentinel general practices,The Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis 2001 Jan-Feb; 7 (1):82-91.


02出典:
Chord-Auger S, Miegeville M, Le Pape P. L’Anisakiase dans la region nantaise de l’etal du poissonnier au cabinet du medecin. Parasite 1995; 2 (4):395-400.


02出典:
Hubert B, Belveze H, Bacou J. L’anisakiase en France (1985-1987). Bull Epidemiol Hebdom1987; 48:189-91.


02出典:
Hubert B, Belveze H, Bacou J. Epidemiology of human anisakiasis : incidence and sources in France. Am J Trop Hyg 1989; 40 (3):301-3.


02出典:
Peduzzi R. Resurgence de la bothriocephalose dans la region du Lac Majeur. Medecine Mal Inf 1990;20:493-97.


02出典:
Desvois L, Gregory A, Ancelle T, Dupouy-Camet J. Enquete sur la bothriocephalose en Haute-Savoie(1993-2000). Bull Epidemiol Hebdomadaire 2001; 45:211-213.


02出典:
Bouree P. Cestodoses adultes. Editions techniques. Encycl Med Chir (Paris, France), Maladies infectieuses 8-5 10-A-10, 1995, 14 p.


02出典:
Centre national de reference des maladies d’importation : premiers resultats sur une enquete nationale sur l’hydatidose. Bull Epidemiol Hebdomadaire 1985; 45.


02出典:
Centre national de reference des maladies d’importation. L’hydatidose en France. Bull Epidemiol Hebdomadaire 1987; 20:77-78.


02出典:
Gaillet P, Liance M, Rivollet D, Houin R. Situation de la fasciolase humaine en France. Enquete retrospective portant sur les 30 dernieres annees. Bull Soc Fr Parasitol 1983; 1:79-8


02出典:
Rondelaud D, Amat-Frut E, Pestre-Alexandre M. La distomatose humaine a Fasciola hepatica. Etude epidemiologique de 121 cas survenus sur une periode de 25 ans. Bull Soc Path Exo 1982; 75 (3):291-300.


02出典:
Rondelaud D, Dreyfuss G, Bouteille B, Darde ML. Changes in human fasciolosis in a temperate area:about some observations over a 28-year period in central France. Parasitol Res 2000; 86 (9):753-57.


02出典:
Bouree P, Thiebault M. Fasciolase a Fasciola hepatica en Basse-Normandie de 1980 a 1990.Bull Soc Fr Parasitol 1993; 11:79-84.


02出典:
Luong Dinh Giap. Distomatose hepatique a Fasciola hepatica en Aquitaine. Bull EpidemiolHebdomadaire 1987; 27:107.


02出典:
Bouree P, Branthomme E, Grillet L. La fasciolase en Vendee. Enquete retrospective de 1983 a 1989. Bull Soc Fr Parasitol 1991; 9:69-74.


02出典:
Ancelle T, Dufriche J. Proposition pour un systeme de surveillance de la distomatose dans lesdepartements d’endemie. Bull Epidemiol Hebdomadaire 1990; 46:196-97.


02出典:
Carme B, Smyej F, Nevez G, Gingomard MA. Situation de la fasciolase en France, Etudes menees en Picardie. Bull Epidemiol Hebdomadaire 1996; 12:59.


02出典:
Ancelle T, Goulet V, Tirard-Fleury et al. La toxoplasmose chez la femme enceinte en France en 1995, resultats d’une enquete nationale perinatale. Bulletin epidemiologique hebdomadaire 1996; 51:227-9.


02出典:
Baril L, Ancelle T, Goulet V, Thulliez P, Tirard-Fleury V, Carme B. Risk factors for toxoplasma infection in pregnancy: a case-control study in France. Scand J Infect Dis 1999; 31 (3):305-9.


02出典:
Cook A, Gilbert R, Buffolano W, et al. Sources of toxoplasma infection in pregnant women: European multicentre case-control study. BMJ 2000; 321:142-147.


02出典:
Binquet C, Wallon M, Quantin C, Gadreau M, Peyron F. Evaluation des strategies de prevention de la toxoplasmose congenitale : revue critique des etudes medico-economiques. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique, 2002; 50:475-87.


02出典:
Igual JP, Faugere B, Pene P, Bourgeade A, Quilici M. La trichinose en Provence. A propos d’une epidemie familiale. Bull Soc Path Exo 1985; 78:473-477.


02出典:
Ancelle T, Dupouy-Camet J, Bougnoux ME, Fourestie V, Petit H, Mougeot G, Nozais JP, Lapierre J. Two outbreaks of trichinosis caused by horsemeat in France in 1985. Am J Epidemiol 1988;127 (6):1302-11.


02出典:
Laurichesse H, Cambon M, Perre D, Ancelle T, Mora M, Hubert B, Beytout J, Rey M. Outbreak of trichinosis in France associated with eating horse meat. CDR 1997; 7(5):69-73.


02出典:
Ancelle T, Dupouy-Camet J, Desenclos JC, Maillot E, Savage-Houze S, Charlet F, Drucker J,Moren A. A multifocal outbreak of trichinellosis linked to horse meat imported from North America to France in 1993. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1998; 59 (4):615-19.


02出典:
Basset D, Thiebaut MM, Pratlong F, Abraham B, Moryoussef, Baldet P, Janbon F, Dedet JP.Epidemies familiales de trichinose dues a l’ingestion de sanglier sauvage dans la region Languedoc. Bull Epidemiol Hebdomadaire 1995; 44:195.


02出典:
Maillot E, Desenclos JC, Dupouy-Camet J, Aubert P. Une epidemie de trichinose limitee a laconsommation de viande chevaline importee du Mexique, Septembre 1994. Bull EpidemiolHebdomadaire 1997; 47:217-18.


02出典:
Haeghebaert S, Maillot E. Epidemie communautaire de trichinose, Tarn et Garonne, Haute-Garonne, Tarn. Janvier-Mars 1998. Reseau national de sante publique. Fevrier 1999. 64 pages.


02出典:
Institut de veille sanitaire. Epidemie de Trichinose en France, Octobre 1998. Communicationpersonnelle.


02出典:
Ranque S, Faugere B, Pozio E, La Rosa G, Tamburrini A, Pellissier JF, Brouqui P. Trichinellapseudospiralis outbreak in France. Emerg Infect Dis 2000; 6 (5):543-47.


02出典:
Adak GK, Long SM, O’Brien SJ. Trends in indigenous foodborne disease and deaths, England and Wales:1992 to 2000. Gut 2002; 51:832-41.


02出典:
Allos BM. Association between Campylobacter infection and Guillain-Barre syndrome. J Infect Dis 1997;176:125-28.


02出典:
Ancelle T, Dufriche J. Proposition pour un systeme de surveillance de la distomatose dans lesdepartements d’endemie. Bull Epidemiol Hebd 1990; 46:196-97.


02出典:
Ancelle T, Goulet V, Tirard-Fleury et al. La toxoplasmose chez la femme enceinte en France en 1995, resultats d’une enquete nationale perinatale. Bull Epidemiol Hebd 1996; 51:227-9.


02出典:
Aszkenasy OM. A community outbreak of hepatitis A in a religious community in Indiana: failure of immune serum globulin to prevent the spread of infection. Epidemiol Infect 2000; 124 (2):309-1


02出典:
Baril L, Ancelle T, Goulet V, Thulliez P, Tirard-Fleury V, Carme B. Risk factors for toxoplasma infection in pregnancy: a case-control study in France. Scand J Infect Dis 1999; 31:305-9.


02出典:
Bell BP, Goldoft M, Griffin PM, Davis MA, Gordon DC, Tarr PI, Bartleson CA, Lewis JH, Barrett TJ, Wells JG, et al. A multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7-associated bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome from hamburgers. The Washington experience. JAMA 1994; 272:1349-53.


02出典:
Tappero, J. W., A. Schuchat, K. A. Deaver, L. Mascola, J. D. Wenger, and for theListeriosis Study Group. 1995. Reduction in the incidence of human listeriosis inthe United States. Effectiveness of prevention efforts? Journal of the AmericanMedical Association 273:1118-1122.


02出典:
Terplan, G. 1988. Facteurs De Contamination Alimentaire Par Listeria, Pages 11-12 inWorld Health Organization, ed. Listerioses D'orgine Alimentaire. Geneve, WorldHealth Organization.


02出典:
Besser RE, Lett SM, Weber JT, Doyle MP, Barrett TJ, Wells JG, Griffin PM. An outbreak of diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome from Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fresh-pressed apple cider. JAMA 1993; 269:2217-20.


02出典:
Terplan, G., R. Schoen, W. Springmeyer, I. Degle, and H. Becker. 1986. Listeriamonocytogenes in Milch und Milchprodukten. Deutsche Molkerei Zeitung41:1358-1368.


02出典:
Teufel, P. and C. Bendzulla. 1993. Bundesweite erhebung zum vorkommen von Listeriamonocytogenes in lebensmitteln. Berlin, Germany: Bundesinstitut furgesundheitlichen Verbraucherschultz und Veterinarmedzin.


02出典:
Tham, W. 1988. Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in cheese made of unpasteurizedgoat milk. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 29:165-172.


02出典:
Tiscione, E., A. Lo Nostro, R. Donato, L. Galassi, R. Pancini, and B. Ademollo. 1994.Problemi microbiologici relativi ai latticini in riferimento alla loro possiblefunzione di veicoli. Ricerca di Listeria spp. E Pseudomonas spp. nel ciclo diproduzione delle mozzarelle. Igiene e Sanitab Pubblica 50:27-36.


02出典:
Tripp, C. S., M. K. Gately, J. Hakimi, P. Ling, and E. R. Unanue. 1994. Neutralization ofIL-12 decreases resistance to Listeria in SCID and C.B-17 mice: Reversal byIFN-γ. Journal of Immunology 152:1883-1887.


02出典:
Bonmarin I, Desenclos J-C. Description des systemes nationaux de surveillance en France. Surveillance nationale des maladies infectieuses 1998-2000. Institut de veille sanitaire. Janvier 2003.


02出典:
Truscott, R. B., and W. B. McNab. 1988. Comparison of media and procedures for theisolation of Listeria monocytogenes from ground beef. Journal of FoodProtection 51:626-628.


02出典:
Trussel, M. 1989. The incidence of Listeria in the production of cured and air-dried beef,salami and mettwurst. Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde 131:409-421.


02出典:
Tulzer, G., R. Bauer, W. D. Daubek-Puza, F. Eitelberger, C. Grabner, E. Heinrich, L.Hohenauer, M. Stojakovic, and F. Wilk. 1987. Local epidemic of neonatallisteriosis in Upper Austria -- report of 20 cases. Klinische Padiatrie 199:325-328.


02出典:
U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1997.Pathogen Modeling Program.USDA AgriculturalResearch Service, Wyndmoor, PA.


02出典:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 1998a. Design andOperation: The Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and the Dietand Health Knowledge Survey, 1994-1996: U.S. Department of Agriculture,Agriculture Research Service, Nationwide Food Surveys Report. Springfield, VA:National Technical Information Service.


02出典:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (ARS). 1998b. 1994-96Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and 1994-96 Diet and HealthKnowledge Survey and technical support databases.National TechnicalInformation Service, Springfield, VA.


02出典:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service 1990. FSISDirective 10,240.1: Microbiological Monitoring Program: Sampling, TestingProcedures and Actions for Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella. U.S.Department of Agriculture.


02出典:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service 1996a. NationwideFederal Plant Raw Ground Beef Microbiological Survey August 1993-March1994.


02出典:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service 1996b. NationwideRaw Ground Chicken Microbiological Survey.


02出典:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service 1996c. NationwideRaw Ground Turkey Microbiological Survey.


02出典:
Brugha R, Vipond I, Evans M et al. A community outbreak of food-borne small round-structured virus gastro-enteritis caused by a contaminated water supply. Epidemiol. Infect. 1999; 122:145-54.


02出典:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service 1998. FSISDirective 10,240.2: Microbial Sampling of Ready-to-Eat Products Produced byEstablishments Operating Under a HACCP System. U.S. Department ofAgriculture.


02出典:
Carme B, Smyej F, Nevez G, Gingomard MA. Situation de la fasciolase en France. Etudes menees en Picardie. Bull Epidemiol Hebd 1996; 12:59.


02出典:
Casenave C, Desenclos JC, Maillot E, Benoit S, Deschenes G, Nivet H, Grimont F, Baron S, Mariani P, Grimont PAD. Eclosion de syndrome hemolytique et uremique dans une commune rurale du Cher. Bull Epidemiol Hebd 1993; (48):222-24


02出典:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Community outbreak of hemolytic uremic syndrome attributable to Escherichia coli O111:NM-South Australia 1995. MMWR 1995; 44 (29):550-51


02出典:
Centre national de reference des maladies d’importation. L’hydatidose en France. Bull Epidemiol Hebd 1987; 20:77-78.


02出典:
Centre national de reference des maladies d’importation : premiers resultats sur une enquete nationale sur l’hydatidose. Bull Epidemiol Hebd 1985; 45.


02出典:
Cody SH, Abbott SL, Marfin AA, Schulz B, Wagner P, Robbins K, Mohle-Boetani JC, Vugia DJ. Two outbreaks of multidrug-resistant Salmonella serotype typhimurium DT104 infections linked to raw-milk cheese in Northern California. JAMA 1999; 281:1805-10.


02出典:
Collin C, Couray-Targe S, Geoffroy L. PMSI Quelles comparaisons possibles et impossibles ?ADSP 2000; 33:53-55.


02出典:
Conaty S, Bird P, Bell G, Kraa E, Grohmann G, McAnulty JM. Hepatitis A in New South Wales, Australia from consumption of oysters: the first reported outbreak. Epidemiol Infect 2000; 124 (1):121-30.


02出典:
Cook A, Gilbert R, Buffolano W, et al. Sources of toxoplasma infection in pregnant women: European multicentre case-control study. BMJ 2000; 321:142-47.


02出典:
De Wit M, Koopmans M, van Duynhoven Y. Risk factors for gastro-enteritis due to Norwalk-like viruses, Sapporo like viruses and group A rotaviruses. Epidemiology of gastro-enteritis in the Netherlands, Thesis University of Amsterdam; Grafisch bedrijf Ponsen & Looijen b.v. Wageningen:p 81-95.


02出典:
De Wit MA, Hoogenboom-Verdegaal AM, Goosen ES, Sprenger MJ, Borgdorff MW. A populationbased longitudinal study on the incidence and disease burden of gastro-enteritis and Campylobacter and Salmonella infection in four regions of The Netherlands. Eur J Epidemiol. 2000; 16 (8):713-18.


02出典:
De Wit MA, Koopmans MPG, Kortbeek LM, van Leeuwen NJ, Bartelds AI, van Duynhoven YT. Gastroenteritis in sentinel general practices, The Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis 2001 Jan-Feb; 7 (1):82-91.


02出典:
Decludt B, Haeghebaert S, Bouvet P, Grimont P. Epidemie de salmonellose a Salmonella serotype Hadar. Bull Epidemiol Hebd 1996; 32:140-41.


02出典:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service. 2000. Focus on:Food product dating, Pages 1-5. http://www.fsis.usda.gov/oa/pubs/dating.htm.


02出典:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 1999a. Public health impact offoodborne Listeria monocytogenes. Federal Register 64:44225.


02出典:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 1999b. Public health impact offoodborne Listeria monocytogenes. Federal Register 64:24663.


02出典:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 1999c. Risk assessment of the publichealth impact of foodborne Listeria monocytogenes; request for comments and forscientific data and information. Federal Register 64:24661-24663.


02出典:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS). 1998. Federal Food,Drugand Cosmetic Act. Washington, D.C.


02出典:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS). 2000. Healthy People2010, v. 1. Washington, D.C.


02出典:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS), National Center for HealthStatistics. 1997 .National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, III 1988-94,version CD-ROM Series 11, No. 1A.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Hyattsville, MD.


02出典:
B. Decludt, P. Bouvet, P. Mariani-Kurkdjian, Grimont F, Grimont PAD, Hubert B, Loirat C and The Societe de Nephologie Pediatrique. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infection in children in France. Epidemiol Infect 2000; 124:215-20.


02出典:
Decludt B. Syndrome hemolytique et uremique en France. Epidemiologie et agents responsables (avril 1995 mars 1996). Reseau national de sante publique, Saint-Maurice, France. Juin 1997. 83 p.


02出典:
Decludt B. Surveillance du syndrome hemolytique et uremique chez les enfants de moins de 15 ans en 1996. Bull epidemiol hebd, numero special fevrier 1998; 43-4.


02出典:
U.S. Department of Health Human Services (US DHHS), National Center for HealthStatistics. 1998. Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-94: NHANES III Individual Foods Data File from the Dietary Recall.Centers forDisease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD.


02出典:
Desenclos JC, Rebiere I, Bouvet P, Benz-Lemoine E, Robain M, Bouvier N, Ponge A, Viannez-Gaide AM, Paoli C, Bleuze V, Tran Quyet Chinh E, Grimont F, Grimont P. Bilan de l’investigation des epidemies communautaires de salmonelloses, France, 1991-1995. Bull Epidemiol Hebd 1996; 9:39-43.


02出典:
Desvois L, Gregory A, Ancelle T, Dupouy-Camet J. Enquete sur la bothriocephalose en Haute-Savoie(1993-2000). Bull Epidemiol Hebd 2001; 45:211-13.


02出典:
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) 1987. Imported Analytical CheeseSummary as of June 1987. Department of health and Human Services.


02出典:
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), Centers for Disease Control andPrevention (CDC). 1988. Epidemiologic notes and reports update: Listeriosis andpasteurized milk. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 37:764-766.


02出典:
Dunn RA, Hall WN, Altamirano JV, Dietrich SE, Robinson-Dunn B, Johnson DR. Outbreak ofShigella flexneri linked to salad prepared at a central commissary in Michigan.Public Health Rep. 1995 110:580-6.


02出典:
Ubach, M., A. Miguel, and P. Puig. 1991. Aislamiento de Listeria monocytogenes yListeria species en queso fresco pasteurizado y requeson. Alimentaria 28:45-46.


02出典:
Unanue, E. R. 1997a. Studies in listeriosis show the strong symbiosis between the innatecellular system and the T-cell response. Immunological Reviews 158:11-25.


02出典:
Unanue, E. R. 1997b. Why listeriosis? A perspective on cellular immunity to infection.Immunological Reviews 158:5-9.


02出典:
Uyttendaele, M., P. De Troy, and J. Debevere. 1999. Incidence of Listeriamonocytogenes in different types of meat products on the Belgian retail market.International Journal of Food Microbiology 53:75-80.


02出典:
Valdimarsson, G., H. Einarsson, B. Gudbjornsdottir, and H. Magnusson. 1998.Microbiological quality of Icelandic cooked-peeled shrimp (Pandalus borealis).International Journal of Food Microbiology 45:157-161.


02出典:
Van Wagner, L. R. 1989. FDA takes action to combat seafood contamination. FoodProcessing 50:8-12.


02出典:
Velani, S. and D. Roberts. 1991. Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. inprepacked mixed salads and individual salad ingredients. Public HealthLaboratory Service Microbiological Digest 8:21-22.


02出典:
Venables, L. J. 1989. Listeria monocytogenes in dairy products - The Victorianexperience. Food Australia 41:942-943.


02出典:
Vose, D. J. 1998. The application of quantitative risk assessment to microbial food safety.Journal of Food Protection 61:640-648.


02出典:
Wachsmuth, I. K. 2000. FSIS recommendations and rationale for Listeria monocytogenesrisk ranking changes (unpublished data). Washington, D.C.


02出典:
Dussaucy A, Viel JF, Mulin B, Euvrard J. L’outil PMSI : biais, sources d’erreurs et consequences. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 1994; 42:345-58.


02出典:
Wang, C. and P. M. Muriana. 1994. Incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in packages ofretail franks. Journal of Food Protection 57:382-386.


02出典:
Engberg J, Gerner-Smidt P, Scheutz F, Nielsen EM, William On SL, Molbak K. Water-borneCampylobacter jejuni infection in a danish town . a 6-week continuous source outbreak.Clin Microbiol Infect 1998; 4:648-56.


02出典:
Warburton, D. W., J. M. Farber, A. Armstrong, R. Caldeira, N. P. Tiwari, T. Babiuk, P.LaCasse, and S. Read. 1991. A Canadian comparative study of modified versionsof the FDA and USDA methods for detection of Listeria monocytogenes. Journalof Food Protection 54:669-676.


02出典:
Watson, C., M. Jackson, H. Kelly, Health Department of Western Australia, K. Ott, S.Knowles, and J. Wells. 1990. Listeria outbreak in Western Australia.Communicable Disease Intelligence 24:9-12.


02出典:
Epiville. Bacteries enteropathogenes isolees des coprocultures en medecine de ville : prevalence et sensibilite aux antibiotiques. Enquete Epicop 1999-2000. 20eme reunion interdisciplinaire de chimiotherapie anti-infectieuse, 7-8 decembre 2000. Paris.


02出典:
Weagant, S. D., P. N. Sado, K. G. Colburn, J. D. Torkelson, F. A. Stanley, M. H. Krane,S. C. Shields, and C. F. Thayer. 1988. The Incidence of Listeria species in frozenseafood products. Journal of Food Protection 51:655-657.


02出典:
Weber, V. A., C. Baumann, J. Potel, and H. Friess. 1988. Nachweis van Listeriamonocytogenes und Listeria innocua in kase. Berlin Munchen TierarztlicheWochenschrift 101:373-375.


02出典:
Wederquist, H. J., J. N. Sofos, and G. R. Schmidt. 1994. Listeria monocytogenesinhibition in refrigerated vacuum packed turkey bologna by chemical additives.Journal of Food Science 59:498-500, 516.


02出典:
Wenger, J. D., B. Swaminathan, P. S. Hayes, S. S. Green, M. Pratt, R. W. Pinner, A.Schuchat, and C. V. Broome. 1990. Listeria monocytogenes contamination ofturkey franks: Evaluation of a production facility. Journal of Food Protection53:1015-1019.


02出典:
West and North Yorkshire Joint Working Group. 1991. Listeria in food: Report of theWest and North Yorkshire Joint Working Group on a two year survey of thepresence of Listeria in food. Environmental Health 99:132-137.


02出典:
Wiedman, M., J. L. Bruce, C. Keating, A. E. Johnson, P. L. McDonough, and C. A. Batt.1997. Ribotypes and virulence gene polymorphisms suggest three distinct Listeriamonocytogenes lineages with differences in pathogenic potential. Infection andImmunity 65:2707-2716.


02出典:
FoodNet surveillance report for 1996. Foodborne diseases active surveillance network. CDC’s emerging infections program. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.


02出典:
Wijtzes, T., P. J. McClure, M. H. Zwietering, and T. A. Roberts. 1993. Modellingbacterial growth of Listeria monocytogenes as a function of water activity, pH andtemperature. International Journal of Food Microbiology 18:139-149.


02出典:
Wilson, I. G. 1995. Occurrence of Listeria species in ready to eat foods. Epidemiologyand Infection 115:519-526.


02出典:
FoodNet surveillance report for 1998. Foodborne diseases active surveillance network. CDC’s emerging infections program. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.


02出典:
Wilson, I. G. 1996. Occurrence of Listeria species in prepacked retail sandwiches.Epidemiology and Infectection 117:89-93.


02出典:
Fourquet F, Demont F. Utilisation du PMSI en Epidemiologie. Technologie et Sante 1999; 39:55-64.


02出典:
Wong, S. 2000. FoodNet listria data (unpublished data). Washington, D.C.


02出典:
Frazak PA, Jazmierczak JJ, Davis JP, Larson J, Loerke R. Outbreak of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium infection associated with eating raw ground beef . Wisconsin, 1994. JAMA 1996; 275:353-5


02出典:
Wong, H.-C., W.-L. Chao, and S.-J. Lee. 1990. Incidence and characterization of Listeriamonocytogenes in foods available in Taiwan. Applied and EnvironmentalMicrobiology 56:3101-3104.


02出典:
Gaillet P, Liance M, Rivollet D, Houin R. Situation de la fasciolose humaine en France. Enquete retrospective portant sur les 30 dernieres annees. Bull Soc Fr Parasitol 1983; 1:79-82.


02出典:
World Health Organization Working Group. 1988. Foodborne listeriosis. Bulletin of theWorld Health Organization 66:421-428.


02出典:
Yousef, A. E. and E. H. Marth. 1988. Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes during themanufacture and storage of Colby cheese. Journal of Food Protection 51:12-15.


02出典:
Gallay A, Courmot M, Hemery Ch. Epidemies de gastro-enterites a germes multiples liee a laconsommation de l’eau de distribution. Rapport InVS, 2000, 48p.


02出典:
Yousef, A. E. and E. H. Marth. 1990. Fate of Listeria monocytogenes during themanufacture and ripening of Parmesan cheese. Journal of Dairy Science 73:3351-3356.


02出典:
Shukla R, Slack R, George A, Cheasty T, Rowe B, Scutter J. Escherichia coli O157 infection associated with a farm visitor centre. Communicable Disease Report 1994; 5 (6):R86-90


02出典:
Swerdlow DL, Woodruff BA, Brady RC, Griffin PM, Tippen S, Donnell HD, Jr. Geldreich E, Payne BJ, Meyer A, Jr., Wells JG, et al. A waterborne outbreak in Missouri of Escherichia coli O157:H7 associated with bloody diarrhea and death. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117 (10):812-19.


02出典:
Talarmin A, Nicand E, Doucet M, Fermanian C, Baylac P, Buisson Y. Toxi-infection alimentaire collective a Bacillus cereus. Bull Epidemiol Hebd 1993; 33:154-55.


02出典:
Thornton L, Gray S, Bingham P, Salmon SL, Hutchinson DN, Rowe B, Newton D, Syed QU.The problems of tracing a geographically widespread outbreak of salmonellosis from a commonly eaten food: Salmonella typhimurium DT 193 in North West England and North Wales in 1991. Epidemiol Infect 1993; 111:465-71.


02出典:
Torok TJ, Tauxe RV, Wise RP, Livengood JR, Sokolow R, Mauvais S, Birkness KA, Skeels MR, Horan JM, Foster LR. A large community outbreak of salmonellosis caused by intentional contamination of restaurant salad bars. JAMA 1997; 278 (5):389-95.


02出典:
Travers K, Barza M. Morbidity of infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34(suppl 3):S131-4.


02出典:
Vaillant V, Espie E. Facteurs de risque de survenue des syndromes hemolytiques et uremiques lies a une infection a Escherichia coli producteur de shiga-toxines chez les enfants ages de moins de 15 ans en France. Etude cas-temoins nationale 2000-2001. Institut de veille sanitaire, Saint-Maurice, France. Mai 2003.


02出典:
Valenciano M. Definition des priorites dans le domaine des zoonozes non alimentaires 2000-2001. Institut de veille sanitaire ; Saint-Maurice, France. Janvier 2002.


02出典:
Vegas R. Surveillance des salmonelloses humaines en Mayenne (1991-1996). Bull Epidemiol Hebd 1997; 32:145-46.


02出典:
Voetsch D, Angulo F, Shallow S, Marcus R, Farley M, Hedberg C, Cieslak P, Tauxe RV, and the EIP FoodNet Working Group. Estimate of the burden of illness caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella infections in the United States from FoodNet. American Public Health Association 126th Annual Meeting and Exposition. Washington, D.C., November 1998.


02出典:
Wallace DJ, Van Gilder T, Shallow S, Fiorentino T, Segler SD, Smith KE, Shiferaw B, Etzel R, Gartright WE, Angulo FJ, and the FoodNet working group. Incidence of foodborne illnesses reported by the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet)-1997. Journal of food protection 2000; 63 (6):807-9.


02出典:
Weber P, Laudat P, Dye D et le reseau Epiville. Bacteries enteropathogenes isolees des coprocultures en medecine de ville : enquete ≪ EPICOP ≫ 1999-2000. Bull Epidemiol Hebd 2003; 8:45-6.


02出典:
Weltman AC, Bennett NM, Ackman DA, Misage JH, Campana JJ, Fine LS, Doniger AS, Balzano GJ, Birkhead GS. An outbreak of hepatitis A associated with a bakery, New York, 1994: the 1968 "West Branch, Michigan outbreak repeated. Epidemiol Infect 1996; 117:333-41.


02出典:
Wheeler JG, Sethi D, Cowden JM, Wall PG, Rodrigues LC, Tompkins DS, Hudson MJ, Roderick PJ. Study of infectious intestinal disease in England: rates in the community, presenting to general practice, and reported to national surveillance. The Infectious Intestinal Disease Study Executive. BMJ 1999; 318(7190):1046-50.


02出典:
Alban, L., Stege, H., and Dahl, J. (2002). The new classification system for slaughter-pig herds in the Danish Salmonella surveillance-and-control program. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 53, 133-146.


02出典:
Anon., (2001). Annual Report on Zoonosis in Denmark 2001. Ministry of Food, Agriculture andFisheries, p. 8.


02出典:
Anon. (2002). Sarslagtning. Konsekvenser af at andre granse for godkendte hold, andring afprovetagningsmetode m.v.. Notat, sf04505. Slagterierne Forskningsinstitut.


02出典:
Berends, B.R., van Knaben, F., Snijders, J.M.A., and Mossel, D.A.A. (1997). Identification and quantification of risk factors regarding Salmonella spp. on pork carcasses. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 36, 199-206.


02出典:
Conradsen, K. (1995). En introduktion til statistik, Bind 1A. 6. udgave. IMM. DTU.


02出典:
Dahl, J. and Sorensen, L.L. (2001). Association between carcass-swab-positivity andseroprevalence in herd of origin and estimation of the importance of cross-contamination on the slaughter line for Salmonella-negative herds. In: Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on the epidemiology and control of Salmonella and other food borne pathogens in pork, Leipzig, Germany, 313-315.


02出典:
Dalsgaard, B. and Andersson, M. (1999). Fordampningskoling. Vurdering afproduktionssikkerheden ved fordampningskoling. Rapport 48.231. Slagteriernes Forskningsinstitut.


02出典:
Hald, T. (2001). Ph.D. Thesis: Salmonella in pork-Epidemiology, Control and public health impact.


02出典:
Hald, T., Vose, D., and Wegener, H.C. (2001). Quantifying the contribution of animal-foodsources to human salmonellosis in Denmark in 1999. In: Proceedings of the 4th internationalsymposium on the epidemiology and control of Salmonella and other food borne pathogens in pork, 349-351.


02出典:
Helms, M., Vastrup, P., Gerner-Smidt, P., and Molbak, K. (2002). Excess mortality associatedwithantimicribial drug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 8, 590-495.


02出典:
Jensen, T., and Christensen, H. (2000). Dekontaminering. Dokumentation af effekt vedundersogelse pa slagtegangen. Rapport 18.361, Slagterierne Forskningsinstitut.


02出典:
Korsgarrd, H. et al. (2002). Assessment of the effect of proposed changes to the management of multi-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in primary food animal production in Denmark. Report, DVI, Denmark.


02出典:
Miller, M.A. (1997). Widespread emergence in the United States of multible drug-resistant type oof Salmonella Typhimurium. FDA Veterinarian, 12, no 4, 5-6


02出典:
Morgan, I.R., Kratil, F.L., and Craven, J.A. (1987). Bacterial populations on dressed pigcarcasses. Epidemiology and Infection, 98, 15-24.


02出典:
Molbak, K, Baggesen, D.L., Aarrestrup, F.M., Ebbesen, J.M., Engberg, J., Frydendahl, K.,Gerner-Smidt, P., Petersen, A.M., and Wegener, H.C. (1999). An outbreak of multidrugresistant, quinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT104. The New England Journal of Medicine. 341, 1420-1425.


02出典:
Molbak, K., (2003). En vurdering af den sundhedsmassige betydning infektioner med Salmonella Typhimurium R-type ACSSuT. Notat, Statens Seruminstitut (Vedlagt som bilag 1).


02出典:
Nielsen B., Baggesen, D.L., Bager, F., Haugegaard, J., and Lind, P. (1995). The serologicalresponseto Salmonella serovars typhimurium and infantisin experimental infected pigs. The time course followed with an indirect anti LPS-Elisa and bacteriological examination. Veterinary Microbiology, 47, 205-218.


02出典:
Sorensen, L.L., Nielsen, B., and Dahl, J, (2000). Sammenhangen mellem Salmonella-serologi ogbakteriologisk undersogelse af blindtarmsindhold, slagtekroppe, svalg og lymfeknuder fra danske slagtesvin. Report.


02出典:
Tauxe, R.V. (1999). SalmonellaEnteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium DT104: Successfulsubtypes in the modern world. In Emerging Infections 3, Edit. Scheld, W.M. et al. ASM press,Washington, D.C., USA.


02出典:
Threlfall, J.E., Frost, J. A., Ward, L., and Rowe, B. (1996). Increasing spectrum of resistance in multiresistant Salmonella Typhimurium. Lancet, 347, 1053-1054.


02出典:
Thyregod, P. (1995). En introduction til statistik, Bind 3A, 6. udgave, IMM, DTU.


02出典:
Wall, P.G., Morgan, D., Lambden, K., Ryan, M., Griffin, M., Threlfall, J.E., Ward, L., andRowe, B. (1994). A case control study of infection with an epidemic strain of multiresistantSalmonella Typhimurium DT104 in England and Wales. Communicable Disease Report, 4,R130-R135.


02出典:
Wall, P.G., Ross, D., van Someren, P., Ward, L., Threlfall, J.E., and Rowe. (1997). Features of the epidemiology of multidrug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in England and Wales. P 565-567. In: Proceedings, Salmonella and Salmonellosis ‘97.. Edit. Pierre Colin et al. Zoopole, Ploufragan, France.


02出典:
Anonymous, 1998. Annual report on zoonoses in Denmark 1998.


02出典:
Anonymous, 1999. Annual report on zoonoses in Denmark 1999.


02出典:
Anonymous, 2000. Annual report on zoonoses in Denmark 2000.


02出典:
Anonymous, 2001. Annual report on zoonoses in Denmark 2001.


02出典:
Anonymous, 2001b. Bakteriologisk undersogelse til beskrivelse af sammenhangen mellemforekomsten af Salmonella enterica og salmonella antistoffer i danske kvagbesatninger. SVS j. nr. 5034-0027.


02出典:
Alban, L, Stege, H., Dahl, J. The new classification system for slaughter pig herds in the Danish Salmonella surveillance-and.control program. Prev. Vet. Med. 2002, 53, 133-146.


02出典:
Baggesen, D.L. Multiresistente Salmonella Typhimurium. Zoonosenyt 1997; 1:


02出典:
Baggesen, D.L., Aarestrup, F., Characterisation of recently emerged multiple antibiotic resistant Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium DT104 and other multiresistant phage types from Danish pig herds. Vet.Rec. 1998; 143:95-97.


02出典:
Threlfall, E. J., Frost, J. A., Ward, L. R., Rowe, B. Epidemic in cattle and humans of Salmonellatyphimurium DT104 with chromosomally integrated multiple drug resistance. Vet. Rec. 1994; 134: 577.


02出典:
Besser, T. E., Gay, C. C., Gay, J. M., Hancock, D. D., Rice, D., Pritchett, L. C, Erickson, E. D. Salmonellosis associated with S Typhimurium DT104 in the USA. Vet Rec 1997; 140: 75.


02出典:
Gay, C. C., Besser, T. E., Gay, J. M., Hancock, D. D., Rice, D., Pritchett, L. C. SalmonellaTyphimurium DT104: An Emerging Salmonella in Livestock and Humans. 30th Proc. Am. Assoc. Bovine. Pract. Annual Meeting. Montreal, 1998, p. 131-133.


02出典:
Imberechts, H., De Filette, D., Wray, C., Jones, Y., Godard, C., Pohl, P. Salmonella typhimurium phage type DT104 in Belgian livestock. Vet.Rec. 1998; 143: 424-425.


02出典:
Molbak K et al. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium DT104. New Engl J Med 2000; 342:661


02出典:
Mogelmose, V. , Nielsen, B., Sorensen, L.L. , Dahl, J. , Wingstrand, A. , Johansen, M. , Pihl, K. , Nielsen, V. , Svensmark, B. , Udesen, F., Larsen, L.P., Baggesen, D.L . Eradication of multiresistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 infections in 15 Danish swineherds. ISECSP’99.


02出典:
Nielsen, B., Wegener, H.C. 1997. Public health and pork and pork products: regional perspectives of Denmark. Rev.Sci.Tech.Off.Int.Epiz.1997,16(2):513-524


02出典:
Nielsen, A. C., Nielsen, B., Christensen, J., Baggesen, D.L. Screening af svinebestanden formultiresistent Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. Zoonosenyt 1999:(6):1.


02出典:
Skov, M.N. et al. Investigation of sources of human Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 infections in Denmark . using pulsed field gel electrophoresis and plasmid analysis. Proc. Symposium onSalmonella and Salmonellosis, 2002, 55-59.


02出典:
Vestergard,P. Screening af kvagbestanden for multiresistent Salmonella Typhimurium DT104.Zoonosenyt 1999:(6):3.


02出典:
Wall, P. G., Ross, D., Van Someren, P., Ward, L. R., Threlfall, J., Rowe, B. Features of theepidemiology of multidrug resistant Salmonella typhimurium DT104 in England and Wales.Salmonella and Salmonellosis proceedings, Ploufragan France 1997; 565-567.


02出典:
Alban, L, Stege, H., Dahl, J., 2002. The new classification system for slaughter-pig herds in the Danish Salmonella surveillance-and-control program. Prev. Vet. Med. 53, 133-146.


02出典:
Kranker, S., Dahl, J., Wingstrand, A., 2001. Bacteriological and serological examination and risk factor analysis of Salmonella occurrence in sow herds, including risk factors for high Salmonella seroprevalence in receiver finishing herds. Berl. Munch. Tierarztl. Wschr. 114, 350-352.


02出典:
Teknisk rapport. Bakteriologisk salmonellascreening af svinebesatninger, MultiresistentSalmonella Typhimurium DT104, December 1998.


02出典:
Vose, David, 1996. Quantitative Risk Analysis, A guide to Monte Carlo Simulation Modelling.Wiley, England


02出典:
Baggesen, DL, Skov, MN, Madsen, JJ, Rahbek, C, Lodal, J., Jespersen, JB, Jorgensen, JC, Dietz, HH. 2002. Investigations on the significance of non-food animals in relation to introduction and persistence of Salmonella enterica in Danish food production animal herds. Proc. Salmonella andSalmonellosis, 297-301, Saint Brieuc, France.


02出典:
Baloda, SB, Christensen, L, Trajcevska, S. 2001. Persistence of a Salmonella enterica SerovarTyphimurium DT12 clone in a piggery and in agricultural soil amended with Salmonellacontaminated slurry. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67, 2859-2862.


02出典:
Dietz, HH, Andersen, TH. 1999. Salmonella pavises ikke i dansk vildt. Zoonosenyt 6, 3, 15-16. Morse, EV, Midla, DA, Blessman, BH. 1982. Survival of Salmonella sp. under natural simulated conditions in the swine environment. Amer. Assn. Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians. 25th Annual Proceedings, 99-114.


02出典:
Natvig, EE, Ingham, SC, Ingham, BH, Cooperband, LR, Roper, TR. 2002. Salmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli contamination of root and leaf vegetables grown in soils with incorporated bovine manure. Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 68, 2737-2744.


02出典:
Platz, S. 1980. Studies on survival of Salmonella Typhimurium in different types of soil underoutdoor climatic conditions. Zentralbl. Bakteriol Mikrobiol. Hyg B, 171, 256-68.


02出典:
Schlundt, J. 1982. Sygdomsfremkaldende tarmbakteriers overleven i biogasanlag i pagyllebehandlede marker. Ph.D. Thesis. Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University.


02出典:
Skov, MN, Andersen, JS, Baggesen, DL. Occurrence and spread of Salmonella Typhimurium DT 104 in Danish production animal herds investigated by the use of DNA typing and geographic information system. Manuscript under preparation.


02出典:
Temple, KL, Camper, AK, McFeter, GA. 1980. Survival of two enterobacteria in feces buried in soil under field conditions. Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 40, 794-797.


02出典:
Anderson, E.T. and Hattis, D., 1999. Uncertainty and variability. Risk Analysis 19: 47-49.


02出典:
Anonymous, 1999. Enquete INCA 1998-1999. Risques microbiologiques et pratiques d'achat,de transport et de stockage des aliments. Notre Alimentation 22, 7.


02出典:
Association Francaise du Froid (AFF), Fevrier 2000. Recommandations de l’AFF concernantla conservation des denrees refrigerees au niveau des menages.


02出典:
Baranyi, J. and Roberts, T.A., 1994. A dynamic approach to predicting bacterial growth infood. International Journal of Food Microbiology 23: 277-294.


02出典:
Baranyi, J. and Roberts, T.A., 1995. Mathematics of predictive food microbiology.International Journal of Food Microbiology 26: 199-218.


02出典:
Baranyi, J., Roberts, T.A., and McClure, P., 1993. A non-autonomous differential equation tomodel bacterial growth. Food Microbiology 10: 43-59.


02出典:
Bemrah, N., Sanaa, M., Cassin, M.H., Griffiths, M.W., and Cerf, O., 1998. Quantitative riskassessment of human listeriosis from consumption of soft cheese made from raw milk.Preventive Veterinary Medicine 37: 129-145.


02出典:
Bergere, J.-L. and Cerf, O., 19--. Heat resistance of Bacillus cereus spores. Bulletin of theIDF. 275: 23-25.


02出典:
Bradshaw, J.G., Peeler, J.T., and Twedt, R.M., 1975. Heat resistance of ileal loop reactiveBacillus cereus strains isolated from commercially canned food. Applied Microbiology30: :943-945.


02出典:
Carlin, F., Girardin, H., Peck, M.W., Stringer, S., Barker, G., Martinez, A., Fernandez , P.,Waites, W.M., Movahedi, S., Van Leusden, F., Nauta, M.J., Moezelaar, R., Del Torre, M.,and Litman, S., 2000a. A FAIR collaborative programme: Research on factors allowing arisk assessment of spore-forming pathogenic bacteria in cooked chilled foods containingvegetables (FAIR CT97-3159) . International Journal of Food Microbiology 60: 117-135.


02出典:
Carlin, F., Guinebretiere, M.H., Choma, C., Pasqualini, R., Braconnier, A., and Nguyen the,C., 2000b. Spore-forming bacteria in commercial cooked, pasteurised and chilledvegetable purees. Food Microbiology 17: 153-165.


02出典:
Cassin, M.H., Lammerding, A.M., Todd, E.C.D., Ross, W., and McColl, R.S., 1998a.Quantitative risk assessment for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef hamburgers.International Journal of Food Microbiology 41: 21-44.


02出典:
Cassin, M.H., Paoli, G.M., and Lammerding, A.M., 1998b. Simulation modeling formicrobial risk assessment. Journal of Food Protection 1560-1566.


02出典:
Cerf, O., Davey, K.R., and Sadoudi, A.K., 1996. Thermal inactivation of bacteria- A newpredictive model for the combined effect of three environmental factors: Temperature, pHand water activity. Food Research International 29: 219-226.


02出典:
Choma, C., Guinebretiere, M.H., Carlin, F., Schmitt, P., Velge, P., Granum, P.E., andNguyen-The, C., 2000. Prevalence, characterization and growth of Bacillus cereus incommercial cooked chilled foods containing vegetables. Journal of Applied Microbiology88: 617-25.


02出典:
CODEX Alimentarius Commission , 1998. Proposed Draft Principles and Guidelines for theconduct of microbial risk assessment. Codex Committe on Food Hygiene (CX/FH 98/2),Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization,Rome, Italy.


02出典:
Couvert, O., Leguerinel, I., and Mafart, P., 1999. Modelling the overall effect of pH on theapparent heat resistance of Bacillus cereus spores. International Journal of FoodMicrobiology 49: 57-62.


02出典:
Dufrenne, J., Bijwaard, M., te Giffel, M., Beumer, R., and Notermans, S., 1995.Characteristics of some psychrotrophic Bacillus cereus isolates. International Journal ofFood Microbiology 27: 175-83.


02出典:
Dufrenne, J., Soentoro, P., Tatini, S., Day, T., and Notermans, S., 1994. Characteristics ofBacillus cereus related to safe food production. Int J Food Microbiol 23: 99-109.


02出典:
Evans, J.A., Stanton. J.I., Russell, S.L., and James, S.J., 1991. Consumer handling of chilledfoods: A survey of time and temperature conditions. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries andFood, Bristol, UK.


02出典:
Faille, C., Lebret, V., Gavini, F., and Maingonnat, J.F., 1997. Injury and lethality of heattreatment of Bacillus cereus spores suspended in buffer and in poultry meat. Journal ofFood Protection 60: 544-547.


02出典:
Fernandez A., Ocio, M.J., Fernandez, P., and Martinez, A., 2000. Effect of heat inactivationconditions on germination and thermal resistance parameters of Bacillus cereus spores.submitted.


02出典:
Fernandez, A., Ocio, M.J., Fernandez, P., Rodrigo, M., and Martinez, A., 1999. Applicationof non-linear regression analysis to the estimation of kinetic parameters for twoenterotoxigenic strains of Bacillus cereus spores. Food Microbiology 16: 607-613.


02出典:
Fernandez, A., Salmeron, C., Fernandez, P.S., and Martinez, A., 1999. Application of afrequency distribution model to describe the thermal inactivation of two strains of Bacilluscereus. Trends in Food Science and Technology. 10: 158-162.


02出典:
Fernandez, P.S., 2000. Growth of Bacillus cereus in natural and acidified carrot substratesover the temperature range 5-30°C. Food Microbiology in press.


02出典:
Gaillard, S., Leguerinel, I., and Mafart, P., 1998a. Model for combined effects of temperaturepH and water activity on thermal inactivation of Bacillus cereus spores. Journal of FoodScience 63: 887-889.


02出典:
Gaillard, S., Leguerinel, I., and Mafart, P., 1998b. Modelling combined effects of temperatureand pH on the heat resistance of spores of Bacillus cereus. Food Microbiology 15: 625-630.


02出典:
Gilbert, R.J., Stringer, M.F., and Peace, T.C., 1974. The survival and growth of Bacilluscereus in boiled and fried rice in relation to outbreaks of food poisoning. J Hyg (Lond) 73:433-44.


02出典:
Gonzalez, I., Lopez, M., Mazas, M., Gonzalez, J., and Bernardo, A., 1997. Thermalresistance of Bacillus cereus spores as affected by additives in the recovery medium.Journal of Food Safety 17: 1-12.


02出典:
Granum, P.E. and Lund, T., 1997. Bacillus cereus and its food poisoning toxins. FEMSMicrobiol Lett 157: 223-8.


02出典:
Guingois S., 2000. Industriels et distributeurs face au defi du froid. LSA, n° 1666, 2 mars2000, p. 34-35.


02出典:
Hayakawa, K., Schnell, P.G., and Kleyn, D.H., 1969. Estimating thermal death timecharacteristics of thermally vulnerable factors by programmed heating of sample solutionor suspension. Food Technology 23: 104-108.


02出典:
ICMSF, 1996. Bacillus cereus. In: Roberts, T. A., Baird-Parker, A. C., and Tompkin, R. B.(eds.); Micro-organisms in foods. 5: Microbiological specifications of food pathogens: 20-35 Blackie Academic and Professional, London.


02出典:
ILSI, 2000. Revised Framework for Microbial Risk Assessment, an ILSI Risk Scienceinstitute workshop report. ILSI Press, Washington.


02出典:
Johnson, A.E., Donkin, A.J., Morgan, K., Lilley, J.M., Neale, R.J., Page, R.M., and Silburn,R., 1998. Food safety knowledge and practice among elderly people living at home.Journal-of-epidemiology-and-community-health 52: 745-8.


02出典:
Johnson, K.M., Nelson, C.L., and Busta, F.F., 1982. Germination and heat resistance ofBacillus cereus spores from strains associated with diarrheal and emetic food-borneillnesses. Journal of Food Science 47: 1268-1271.


02出典:
Johnson, N.L. and Kotz, S., 1970. Continuous univariate distributions 1: Distributions instatistics. Wiley, New York.


02出典:
Litman, S., 2000. Distribution, retail and consumer storage of chilled foods. RASP progressreport 5. SYNAFAP.


02出典:
Marks, H.M., Coleman, M.E., Lin C.-T J., and Roberts, T., 1998. Topics in microbial riskassessment: Dynamic flow tree process. Risk Analysis 18: 309-328.


02出典:
Martinez, A et al 1999 IATA, Valencia. RASP progress report 4


02出典:
Martinez, A et al 2000 IATA, Valencia. RASP progress report 5


02出典:
Mazas, M., Gonzalez, I., Lopez, M., Gonzalez, J., and Martin Sarmiento, R., 1995. Effects ofsporulation media and strain on thermal resistance of Bacillus cereus spores. InternationalJournal of Food Science and Technology 30: 71-78.


02出典:
McMeekin, T.A., Olley, J.N., Ross, T., and Ratkowsky, D.A., 1993. Predictive Microbiology:Theory and application. Wiley, New York.


02出典:
McNab, W.B., 1998. A General Framework illustrating an approach to QuantitativeMicrobial Food Safety Risk Assessment. Journal of Food Protection 1216-1228.


02出典:
Murphy, B.L., 1998. Dealing with uncertainty in risk assessment. Human Ecol. Risk Assess.4: 685-699.


02出典:
Nauta, M.J., 2000a. Modelling bacterial growth in quantitative microbiological riskassessment: Is it possible? Van Impe, J. F. M. and Bernaerts, K. Predictive Modelling inFoods - Conference Proceedings. pp. 243-245 KULeuven/BioTeC, Belgium.


02出典:
Nauta, M.J., 2000b. Separation of uncertainty and variability in quantitative microbial riskassessment models. International Journal of Food Microbiology 57: 9-18.


02出典:
Nauta, M.J. and Dufrenne, J.B., 1999. Variability in growth characteristics of different E .coliO157:H7 isolates and its implications for predictive microbiology. QuantitativeMicrobiology 1: 137-155.


02出典:
Notermans, S. and Batt, C.A., 1998. A risk assessment approach for food-borne Bacilluscereus and its toxins. Soc Appl Bacteriol Symp Ser 27: 51S-61S.


02出典:
Notermans, S., Dufrenne, J., Teunis, P., Beumer, R., Te Giffel, M., and Peeters Weem, P.,1997. A Risk assessment study of Bacillus cereus present in pasteurized milk. FoodMicrobiology 14: 143-151.


02出典:
Notermans, S., Nauta M.J., Jansen, J., Jouve, J.L., and Mead, G.C., 1998. A risk assessmentapproachto evaluating food safety based on product surveillance. Food Control 9: 217-223.


02出典:
Parry, J.M. and Gilbert, R.J., 1980. Studies on the heat resistance of Bacillus cereus sporesand growth of the organism in boiled rice. J Hyg (Lond) 84: 77-82.


02出典:
Pierre, O., 1996. Temperature de conservation de certaines denrees alimentaires tresperissables dans les rayions "libre service" des grandes et moyenne surfaces. OptionQualite 138: 12-18.


02出典:
Rajkowski, K.T. and Mikolajcik, E.M., 1987. Characteristics of selected strains of Bacilluscereus. Journal of Food Protection 50: 199-205.


02出典:
Ratkowsky, D.A., Olley, J., McMeekin, T.A., and Ball, A., 1982. Relationship betweentemperature and growth rate of bacterial cultures. Journal of Bacteriology 149: 1-5.


02出典:
Ross, T., 1999. Predictive food microbiology models for the meat industry. Meat andLivestock Australia, North Sydney.


02出典:
Sergelidis, D., Abrahim, A., Sarimvei, A., Panoulis, C., Karaioannoglou, P., and Genigeorgis,C., 1997. Temperature distribution and prevalence of Listeria spp. in domestic, retail andindustrial refrigerators in Greece. International Journal of Food Microbiology 34: 171-7.


02出典:
Shehata, T.E. and Collins, E.B., 1972. Sporulation and heat resistance of psychrophilic strainsof Bacillus. Journal of Dairy Science 55: 1405-1409.


02出典:
Slob, W., 1994. Uncertainty analysis in multiplicative models. Risk Analysis 14: 571-576.


02出典:
USDA 1998, Pathogen Modelling Program for Windows, version 5.1 Microbial SafetyResearch Unit, USDA, ARS Eastern Regional Research Centre,http://www.arserrc.gov/mfs/pathogen.htm


02出典:
Van Gerwen, S.J., Te Giffel, M.C., Van 't Riet, K., Beumer, R.R., and Zwietering, M.H.,2000. Stepwise quantitative risk assessment as a tool for characterization ofmicrobiological food safety. Journal of Applied Microbiology 88: 938-51.


02出典:
Van Gerwen, S.J. and Zwietering, M.H., 1998. Growth and inactivation models to be used inquantitative risk assessments. Journal of Food Protection 61: 1541-1549.


02出典:
Voedingscentrum, 1999 Hygiene in de Privehuishouding, rapport nr 10160 van “ResearchInternational”.


02出典:
Vose, D.J., 1998. The application of quantitative risk assessment to microbial food safety.Journal of Food Protection 61: 640-8.


02出典:
Whiting, R.C., 1995. Microbial modeling in foods. Critical Reviews in Food Science andNutrition 35: 467-494.


02出典:
Whiting, R.C. and Buchanan, R.L., 1997. Development of a quantitative risk assessmentmodel for Salmonella enteritidis in pasteurized liquid eggs. International Journal of FoodMicrobiology 36: 111-125.


02出典:
Wijtzes, T., de Wit, J.C., Huis in't Veld, J.H.J., van't Riet, K., and Zwietering, M.H., 1995.Modelling bacterial growth of Lactobacillus curvatus as a function of acidity andtemperature. Applied and Environmental microbiology 61: 2533-2539.


02出典:
Wong, H.-C., Chang, M.-H., and Fan, J.-Y., 1988. Incidence and characterization of Bacilluscereus isolates contaminating dairy products. Applied and Environmental Microbiology54: 699-702.


02出典:
Xiong, R., Xie, G., Edmondson, A.E., and Sheard, M.A., 1999. A mathematical model forbacterial inactivation. International Journal of Food Microbiology 46: 45-55.


02出典:
Zwietering, M.H., Cuppers, H.G.A.M., de Wit J.C., and van 't Riet, K., 1994. Evaluation odfdata transformations and validation of a model for the effect of temperature on bacterialgrowth. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60: 195-203.


02出典:
Zwietering, M.H., De Wit, J.C., and Notermans, S., 1996. Application of predictivemicrobiology to estimate the number of Bacillus cereus in pasteurised milk at the point ofconsumption. International Journal of Food Microbiology 30: 55-70.


02出典:
Adesiyun A (1993) Prevalence of Listeria spp., Campylobacter spp. Salmonella spp. Yersiniaspp. and toxigenic Escherichia coli on meat and seafoods in Trinidad, Food Microbiology,10, 395 - 403


02出典:
Anon (1996) Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, New Zealand Public Health Report,3 (2), 14


02出典:
Anon (1997) Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, New Zealand Public Health Report,3 (2), 14


02出典:
Anon (1998) Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, New Zealand Public Health Report,3 (2), 14


02出典:
Anon (1999) Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, New Zealand Public Health Report,3 (2), 14


02出典:
Anon (2000) Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, New Zealand Public Health Report,3 (2), 14


02出典:
Anon (2001) Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, New Zealand Public Health Report,3 (2), 14


02出典:
ANZFA (1999) P178 . Review of Microbiological Standards . Full Assessment Report,ANZFA, Canberra


02出典:
ANZFAb (1999) AUSNUT - Australian Food and Nutrient Database, ANZFA, Canberra


02出典:
ANZFA (2001) Food Industry Recall Protocol: A guide to conducting a food recall, 4thEdition, ANZFA, Canberra


02出典:
Arnold G and Coble J (1995) Incidence of Listeria species in foods in NSW, Food Australia,47 (2), 71 . 75


02出典:
Arumugaswamy R, Ali G and Hamid S (1994) Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in foodsin Malaysia, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 23, 117 - 121


02出典:
Aureli P, Fiorucci G, Caroli D, Marchiaro G, Novara O, Leone L and Salmaso S (2000) AnOutbreak of Febrile Gastroenteritis Associated with Corn Contaminated with Listeriamonocytogenes, The New England Journal of Medicine, 342, 1236-1241


02出典:
Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (2001) Australian FisheriesStatistics 2000, Canberra


02出典:
Bannerman E (1995) Serotyping of Listeria monocytogenes, in Arnold G, Sutherland P andSzabo E (eds) Detection, Identification and Typing of Listeria monocytogenes in foods,Workshop Manual, XII International Symposium on Problems of Listeria, Perth Australia


02出典:
Ben Embarek P-K (1994) Presence, detection and growth of Listeria monocytogenes inseafoods: a review, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 23, 17-34


02出典:
Berrang, F and Brackett L (1988) Behaviour of L. monocytogenes in chocolate milk and icecream mix made from post-expiration date skim milk, Journal of Food Protection, 51, 823


02出典:
Berry T, Park D and Lightner D (1994) Comparison of the microbial quality of raw shrimpfrom China, Ecuador, or Mexico at both wholesale and retail levels, Journal of FoodProtection, 57 (2), 150 - 153


02出典:
Bhaskar N, Setty T, Mondal S, Joseph M, Raju C, Raghunath B and Anatha C (1998)Prevalence of bacteria of public health significance in the cultured shrimp (Penaeusmonodon) Food Microbiology, 15, 511 - 519


02出典:
Bille J (1990) Epidemiology of human listeriosis in Europe, with special reference to theSwiss outbreak, in Miller, Smith and Somkuti (eds), Foodborne Listeriosis, ElsevierPublishers, Amsterdam


02出典:
Brett M, Short P and McLauchlin J (1998) A Small Outbreak of Listeriosis Associated withSmoked Mussels, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 43, 223-229


02出典:
Buchanan R and Klawitter L (1992) Effectiveness of Carnobacterium priscicola LK5 forcontrolling the growth of L. monocytogenes Scott A in refrigerated foods, Journal of FoodSafety, 12, 219 - 236


02出典:
Chiasson S, Cormier A, Cormier R and Beaulieu C (1998) Possible in-plant sources ofcontamination of lobster and snow crab by Listeria, Journal of Aquatic Product Technology,7 (3), 63 - 78


02出典:
Chinivasaham H, Bremner H, Nottingham S and Thrower S (1997) The microbiologicalstatus of prawns from retail and wholesale outlets in the Brisbane region, Food Australia, 49(12), 592 . 595


02出典:
Codex Alimentarius Commission (1999) Principles and Guidelines for the Conduct ofMicrobiological Risk Assessment, 23rd Session, Rome,ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/alinorm99/cac23rep_complet.pdf (accessed July 2001)


02出典:
Codex Alimentarius Commission (2001) Proposed draft guidelines for the control of Listeriamonocytogenes in foods, Codex Committee on Food Hygiene, CX/FH01/6 August 2001


02出典:
Communicable Diseases Network Australia (2001) National Notifiable Diseases SurveillanceSystem, personal communication (http://www.health.gov.au/pubhlth/cdi.htm) (accessed May2001)


02出典:
Dalton C, Austin C, Sobel J, Hayes P, Bibb W, Graves L, Swaminathan B, Proctor M andGriffin P (1997) An Outbreak of Gastroenteritis and Fever Due to Listeria monocytogenes inMilk, The New England Journal of Medicine, 336 (2), 100-105


02出典:
Degnan A, Kaspar C, Otwell W, Tamplin M and Luchanasky J (1994) Evaluation of lacticacid bacterium fermentation products and food-grade chemicals to control Listeriamonocytogenes in blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) meat, Applied and EnvironmentalMicrobiology, 60 (9), 3198 - 3203


02出典:
Dillon R, Patel T and Martin A (1994) Microbiological control for fish smoking operations,in Martin A (ed) Fisheries Processing, Chapman and Hall, London


02出典:
Dorsa W, Marshall D, Moody M and Hackney C (1993) Low temperature growth and thermalinactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in precooked crawfish tail meat, Journal of FoodProtection, 56 (2), 106 - 109


02出典:
Doyle M (1988) Effect of Environmental and Processing Conditions on Listeriamonocytogenes, Food Technology, 42 (2), 169-171


02出典:
Duffes F, Corre C, Leroi F, Dousset X and Boyaval P (1999) Inhibition of Listeriamonocytogenes by in situ produced and semipurified bacteriocins of Carnobacterium spp. onvacuum-packed, refrigerated cold-smoked salmon, Journal of Food Protection, 62 (12), 1394. 1403


02出典:
Ericsson H, Eklow A, Danielsson-Tham M-L, Loncarevic S, Mentzing L-O, Persson I,Unnerstand H, Tham W (1997) An Outbreak of Listeriosis suspected to have been caused byRainbow Trout, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 35 (11), 2904-2907


02出典:
FAO (1999) FAO Fisheries Report No. 604, FAO Expert Consultation on the trade impact ofListeria in fish products Amherst USA 17-20 May 1999, FAO, Rome(http://www.fao.org/icatalog/inter-e.htm) (accessed February 2002)


02出典:
FAO/WHO (2000) Expert consultation on risk assessment of microbiological hazards infoods, FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 71, FAO and WHO, Romehttp://www.fao.org/es/esn/pagerisk/riskpage.htm (accessed July 2001)


02出典:
FAO/WHO (2001) Risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods,http://www.fao.org/es/esn/pagerisk/techdocs.htm (accessed April 2002)


02出典:
Farber J, Coates F and Daley E (1992) Minimum water activity requirements for the growthof Listeria monocytogenes, Letters in Applied Microbiology, 15, 103-105


02出典:
Farber J, Daley E, Mackie M and Limerick B (2000) A small outbreak of listeriosispotentially linked to the consumption of imitation crab meat, Letters in AppliedMicrobiology, 31, 100 - 104


02出典:
Farber J and Peterkin P (1991) Listeria monocytogenes, a Food-Borne Pathogen,Microbiological Reviews, 55 (3), 476-511


02出典:
Fenlon D (1999) Listeria monocytogenes in the Natural Environment, in Marth E and Ryser E(eds) Listeria, Listeriosis and Food Safety 2nd Edition, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York


02出典:
Fuchs R and Reilly P (1992) The incidence and significance of Listeria monocytogenes inseafood, in Huss H, Jakobsen M and Liston J (eds) Quality assurance in the fish industry:Proceedings of the International Conference 1991, Elsevier, Amsterdam


02出典:
Gecan J, Bandler R and Staruszkiewicz W (1994) Fresh and frozen shrimp: a profile of filth,microbiological contamination, and decomposition, Journal of Food Protection, 57 (2), 154 -158


02出典:
Gibson R (1990) Principles of nutritional assessment, Oxford University Press, New York


02出典:
Goulet V, Rocourt J, Rebiere I, Jacquet C, Moyse C, Dehaumont P, Salvat G and Veit P(1998) Listeriosis Outbreak Associated with the Consumption of Rillette in France in 1993,Journal of Infectious Diseases, 177, 155-160


02出典:
Grau F and Vanderlinde P (1992) Occurrence, numbers and growth of L. monocytogenesonsome vacumm-packaged processed meat products, Journal of Food Protection, 55, 4-7


02出典:
Harrison M and Huang Y-W (1990) Thermal death times for Listeria monocytogenes (ScottA) in crabmeat, Journal of Food Protection, 53 (10), 878 - 880


02出典:
Harrison M, Huang Y-W, Chao C-H and Shineman T (1991) Fate of Listeria monocytogeneson packaged, refrigerated and frozen seafood, Journal of Food Protection, 54 (7), 524 - 527


02出典:
Hartemink R and Georgsson F (1991) Incidence of Listeria species in seafood and seafoodsalads, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 12, 189 - 196


02出典:
Hitchins A (1996) Assessment of alimentary exposure to Listeria monocytogenes,International Journal of Food Microbiology, 30, 71-85


02出典:
Hofer E and Ribeiro R (1990) Ocorrencia de especies de Listeria em camarao industrializado,Revista de microbiologia, 21 (2), 207 . 208


02出典:
International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods (1996)Microorganisms in Food 5: Microbiological Specifications of Food Pathogens, BlackieAcademic and Professional, London


02出典:
Jay L, Comar D and Govenlock L (1998) Hazards and exposure in the meat distribution,foodservice and home sectors, Project MSHE.007, prepared for Meat Research Corporation


02出典:
Jeyasekaran G, Karunasagar I and Karunasagar I (1996) Incidence of Listeria spp. in tropicalfish, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 31, 333 - 340


02出典:
Jinneman K, Wekell M and Eklund M (1999) Incidence and behaviour of Listeriamonocytogenes in fish and seafood, in Marth E and Ryser E (eds) Listeria, Listeriosis andFood Safety 2nd Edition, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York


02出典:
Junttila J and Brander M (1989) Listeria monocytogenes septicemia associated withconsumption of salted mushrooms, Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21, 339-342


02出典:
Kampelmacher E (1989) Foodborne Listeriosis . Facts and Fiction, in Foodborne Listeriosis:Proceedings of a Symposium on September 7 1988 in Wiesbaden, FRG, TechnomicPublication, Pennsylvania


02出典:
Lennon D, Lewis B, Mantell C, Becroft D, Dove B, Farmer K, Tonkin S, Yeates N, Stamp Rand Mickelson K (1984) Epidemic perinatal listeriosis, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 3 (1),30 - 34


02出典:
Lou Y and Yousef A (1999) Characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes important to foodprocessors, in Marth E and Ryser E (eds) Listeria, Listeriosis and Food Safety 2nd Edition,Marcel Dekker Inc., New York


02出典:
Lovett J, Francis D and Bradshaw J (1990) Outgrowth of Listeria monocytogenes in foods, inMiller A, Smith J and Somkuti G (eds), Foodborne Listeriosis, Elsevier Publishers,Amsterdam


02出典:
Maijala R, Lyytikainen O, Johansson T, Autio T, Aalto T, Haavisto L and Hoonkane-Bulzaski T (2001) Exposure of Listeria monocytogenes within an epidemic caused by butterin Finland, International Journal of Food Microbiology 70, 97 -109


02出典:
Marth E (1988) Disease Characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes, Food Technology, 42 (4),165-168


02出典:
McCarthy S (1990) Listeria in the environment, in Miller A, Smith J and Somkuti G (eds),Foodborne Listeriosis, Elsevier Publishers, Amsterdam


02出典:
McCarthy S, Motes M and McPhearson M (1990) Recovery of heat-stressed Listeriamonocytogenes from experimentally and naturally contaminated shrimp, Journal of FoodProtection, 53 (1), 22 . 25


02出典:
McLauchlin J and Nichols G (1994) Listeria and seafood, PHLS Microbiology Digest, 11 (3),151 - 154


02出典:
McLennan W and Podger A (1997) National Nutrition Survey: Selected highlights Australia1995, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra


02出典:
McLennan W and Podger A (1998a) National Nutrition Survey Users. Guide, AustralianBureau of Statistics, Canberra


02出典:
McLennan W and Podger A (1998b) National Nutrition Survey: Nutrient intakes and physicalmeasurements Australia 1995, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra


02出典:
McLennan W and Podger A (1999) National Nutrition Survey: Foods eaten, Australia 1995,Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra


02出典:
Miettinen M, Siitonen A, Heiskanen P, Haajanen H, Bjorkroth K and Korkeala H (1999)Molecular Epidemiology of an Outbreak of Febrile Gastroenteritis Caused by Listeriamonocytogenes in Cold-Smoked Rainbow Trout, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 37 (7),2358-2360


02出典:
Ministry of Health (1995) Microbiological Reference Criteria for Food, Version 2.0 October1995


02出典:
Misrachi A, Watson A and Coleman D (1991) Listeria in Smoked Mussels in Tasmania,Communicable Diseases Intelligence, 15, 427


02出典:
Mitchell D (1991) A Case Cluster of Listeriosis in Tasmania, Communicable DiseasesIntelligence, 15, 427


02出典:
Motes M (1991) Incidence of Listeria spp. in shrimp, oysters, and estuarine waters, Journal ofFood Protection, 54 (3), 170 - 173


02出典:
National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods (1991) The HumanInfective Dose of Listeria monocytogenes, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 14,216-219


02出典:
Noah C, Perez J, Ramos N, McKee C and Gipson M (1991) Detection of Listeria spp. innaturally contaminated seafoods using four enrichment procedures, Journal of FoodProtection, 54 (3), 174 - 177


02出典:
Poole S, Gillmore T and Giles J (1989) Bacteriological quality of seafood retailed inBrisbane, Food Australia, 41 (12), 1104 - 1108


02出典:
Rawles D, Flick G, Pierson M, Diallo A, Wittman R and Croonenberghs R (1995) Listeriamonocytogenes occurrence and growth at refrigeration temperatures in fresh blue crab(Callinectes sapidus) meat, Journal of Food Protection, 58 (11), 1219 - 1221


02出典:
Riedo F, Pinner R, Tosca M, Cartter M, Graves L, Reeves M, Weaver R, Plikaytis B andBroome C (1994) A Point-Source Foodborne Listeriosis Outbreak: Documented IncubationPeriod and Possible Mild Illness, Journal of Infectious Diseases, 170, 693-696


02出典:
Rocourt J and Bille J (1997) Foodborne listeriosis, World Health Statistics Quarterly, 50, 67 -73


02出典:
Rocourt J and Brosch R (1992) Human listeriosis 1990, WHO Collaborating Centre forFoodborne Listeriosis


02出典:
Rorvik L and Yndestad M (1991) Listeria monocytogenes in foods in Norway, InternationalJournal of Food Microbiology, 13, 97 - 104


02出典:
Ross T, Dalgaard P and Tienungoon S (2000) Predictive modelling of the growth andsurvival of Listeria in fishery products, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 62, 231-245


02出典:
Russell D, Parnell W and Wilson N (1999) NZ Food: NZ People; Key results of the 1997National Nutrition Survey, Ministry of Health, Wellington


02出典:
Ryu C-H, Igimi S, Inoue S and Kumagai S (1992) The incidence of Listeria species in retailfoods in Japan, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 16, 157 - 160


02出典:
Salamina G, Dalle Donne E, Niccolini A, Poda G, Cesaroni D, Bucci M, Fini R, Maldini M,Schuchat A, Swaminathan B, Bibb W, Rocourt J, Binkin N and Salmaso S (1996) Afoodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis involving Listeria monocytogenes, EpidemiologicalInfections, 117, 429-436


02出典:
Schuchat A, Deaver K, Wenger J, Plikaytis B, Mascola L, Pinner R, Reingold A, Broome C,and the Listeria Study Group (1992) Role of Foods in Sporadic Listeriosis I Case-ControlStudy of Dietary Risk Factors, Journal of American Medical Association, 267 (15), 2041-2045


02出典:
Sutherland P and Porritt R (1997) Listeria monocytogenes, in Hocking E (editor-in-chief),Foodborne Microorganisms of Public Health Significance 5th Edition, Australian Institute ofFood Science and Technology Inc., Sydney


02出典:
Tan A, Li H, Heaton S and Forsyth J (1995) Probing epidemiological associations of Listeriamonocytogenes with PGFE techniques. Proceedings of the XII International symposium onproblems of listeriosis, Perth 2-6 October 1995


02出典:
United States Food and Drug Administration (1999) Structure and Initial Data Survey for theRisk Assessment of Public Health Impact of Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes,(http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/listrisk.html)


02出典:
United States Food and Drug Administration (January 19 2001) Relative Risk to PublicHealth from Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes among selected categories of ready-to-eatfoods, Draft risk assessment, Federal Register 66 (13)


02出典:
Valdimarrson G, Einarsson H, Gudbjornsdottir B, Magnusson M (1998) Microbiologicalquality of Icelandic cooked-peeled shrimp (Pandalus borealis), International Journal of FoodMicrobiology, 45, 157 - 161


02出典:
Weagant S, Sado P, Colburn K, Torkelson J, Stanley F, Krane M, Shields S and Thayer C(1988) The incidence of Listeria spp. in frozen seafood products, Journal of Food Protection,51 (8), 655 . 657


02出典:
Nyfeldt A. 1929. Etiologie de la mononucleose infectieuse. Soc. Biol. 101:590-592.


02出典:
Welshimer H.J. 1960. Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in soil. J. Bacteriol. 80:316-320.


02出典:
Weis J. 1975. The incidence of L. monocytogenes on plants and in soil. In: M. Woodbine,ed. Problems of Listeriosis. Leicester, UK: Leicester University Press, pp.61-65.


02出典:
Welshimer H.J. 1968. Isolation of L. monocytogenes from vegetation. J. Bacteriol.95:300-303.


02出典:
Bille J. 1990. Epidemiology of human listerisosis in Europe, with special reference to theSwiss outbreak. In: A.J. Miller, J.L. Smith., and G.A. Somkuti, eds. FoodborneListeriosis. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 71-74.


02出典:
Bula C.J., Bille J, Glauser MP. 1995. An epidemic of food-borne listeriosis in WesternSwitzerland: description of 57 cases involving adults. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20:66-72.


02出典:
Dalton CB, Austin CC, Sobel J, et. al. 1997. Listeriosis from chocolate milk: linking ofan outbreak of febrile gastroenteritis and .sporadic. invasive disesae. N. Engl. J. Med.336:100-105.


02出典:
Fleming DW, Cochi SL, Macdonald KL, et. al.. 1985. Pasteurized milk as a vehicle ofinfection in an outbreak of listeriosis. N.Engl. J. Med. 312:404-407.


02出典:
Goulet V, Lepoutre A, Rocourt J, et. al. 1993. Epidemie de listeriose en France: bilanfinal et resultats de l.enguete epidmiologique. Bull. Epidemiol. Hebdom. 4:13-14.


02出典:
Ho JL, Shands KN, Friedland G, et. al.. 1986. An outbreak of type 4b Listeriamonocytogenes infection involving patients from eight Boston hospitals. Arch. Intern.Med. 146:520-524.


02出典:
Linman MJ, Mascola L, Lou XD, et. al.. 1988. Epidemic listeriosis associated withMexican-style cheese. N. Engl. J. Med. 319: 823-828.


02出典:
McLauchlin J, Hall SM, Velani SK, et. al.. 1991. Human listeriosis and pate: a possibleassociation. Br. Med. J. 303:773-775.


02出典:
Riedo FX, Pinner RW, Tosca ML, et. al. 1994. A point-source foodborne listeriosisoutbreak: documented incubation period and possible mild illness. J. Infect. Dis. 170:693-696.


02出典:
Schlech WF, Lavigne PM, Bortolussi RA, et. al.. 1983. Epidemic listeriosis - evidence fortransmission by food. N. Engl. J. Med. 308:203-206.


02出典:
Nguyen MH, Yu VL. 1994. Listeria monocytogenes peritonitis in cirrhotic patients. Dig.Dis. Sci. 39:215-218.


02出典:
Schuchat A, Deaver K, Wenger JD, et. al. 1992. Role of foods in sporadic listeriosis, I:Case-control study of dietary risk factors. J.A.M.A. 267:2041-2045.


02出典:
Schwartz B, Cisielski CA, Broome CV, et. al.. 1988. Association of sporadic listeriosiswith consumption on uncooked hotdogs and undercooked chicken. Lancet 2:779-782.


02出典:
Baloga AO, Harlander SK. 1991. Comparison of methods for discrimination betweenstrains of Listeria monocytogenes from epidemiological surveys. Appl. Environ.Microbiol. 57:2324-2331.


02出典:
Bassler HA, Flood SJA, Livak KJ, et. al.. 1995. Use of a fluoogenic probe in a PCRbasedassay for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.61:3724-3728.


02出典:
Bille J, Rocourt J. 1996. WHO international multicenter Listeria monocytogenessubtyping study - rationale and set-up of the study. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 32:251-262.


02出典:
Ryser ET, Marth EH. 1991. Rapid methods to detect Listeria monocytogenes in food andenvironmental samples. In :Listeria, Listeriosis, and Food Safety, New York: MarcelDekker, pp. 194-239.


02出典:
Ryser ET, Marth EH, 1991. Conventional methods to detect and isolate Listeriamonocytogenes. In: Listeria, Listeriosis, and Food Safety, New York: Marcel Dekker, pp.120-193.


02出典:
Schlech WF. Foodborne Listeriosis. Clin Inf Dis 31:770.5.


02出典:
Gellin BG, Broome CV. 1989. Listeriosis. J.A.M.A. 261:1313-1320.


02出典:
Siegman-Igra Y, Levin R, Weinberger M, et. al. 2002. Listeria monocytogenes Infectionin Israel and Review of Cases Worldwide. Emerg Inf Dis 8. Accessed fromhttp://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol8no3/01-0195.htm on 5 March 2002.


02出典:
Charpentier E, Courvalin P. 1999. Antibiotic Resistance in Listeria spp. AntimicrobAgents Chemother 43(9): 2103.2108.


02出典:
Farber J, Peterkin P. Listeria monocytogenes, a food-borne pathogen. Microbiol Rev55(4):476-511.


02出典:
Tappero JW, Schuchat A, Deaver KA, et. al. 1995. Reduction in the incidence of humanlisteriosis in the United States: effectiveness of prevention efforts? J. Am. Med. Assoc.273:1118-1122.


02出典:
Anon. 1999. Update: multistate outbreak of listeriosis.United States, 1998.1999.MMWR. 47:1117-8.


02出典:
Skull S. 2001 A review of national notifiable disease case definitions. CommunicableDiseases Network of Australia, Canberra.


02出典:
Norris P, Beaton S, Taylor K, (Eds). 1996. Surveillance of Notifiable Infectious Diseasesin Victoria, 1995. Department of Human Services, Melbourne.


02出典:
O.Grady K, Tallis G (Eds). 2001. Surveillance of Notifiable Infectious Diseases inVictoria, 2000. Victorian Department of Human Services, Melbourne.


02出典:
Nassar N, Sullivan E. 2001. Australia.s mothers and babies 1999. Australian Institute ofHealth and Welfare, National Perinatal Statistics Unit, Perinatal Statistics Series Number11, Sydney.


02出典:
Hall R, Shaw D,Lim I, et. al.. 1996. A cluster of listeriosis cases in South Australia.Commun Dis Intell. 20(21):465


02出典:
Anon. A cluster of Listeriosis in the Hunter. 2000. New South Wales Public HealthBulletin. 11(3):41


02出典:
Tan A, Li H, Heaton S, et. al. 1995. Probing epidemiological associations of Listeriamonocytogenes with PFGE techniques. Proceedings of the XII International Symposiumon problems of listeriosis. Perth, ISOPOL XIII.


02出典:
Inglis TJ, Clair A, Sampson J, et. al. 2001. Comparison of automated ribotyping withDNA macrorestriction analysis of Listeria monocytogenes and their application during aListeriosis outbreak. (submitted).


02出典:
Richardson K, Moir C, Cox B. 2002. National Food Safety Risk Validation Project.Part1, Risk Validation of High Risk Food Businesses (Draft). New South Wales HealthDepartment.


02出典:
Smerdon WJ, Jones R, McLauchlin J, et. al. 2001. Surveillance of listeriosis in Englandand Wales, 1995.1999. Commun Dis Public Health 4:188.93


02出典:
Torvaldsen S, Kurinczuk JJ, Bower C, et. al.. 1999. Listeria awareness among newmothers in Western Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health 23(4): 362-7


02出典:
Niels le Souef P, Walters BN. 1981. Neonatal listeriosis: a summer outbreak. Med JAust.122; 2(4):188-91


02出典:
Watson C, Ott K. 1990. Listeria outbreak in Western Australia. Commun Dis Intell 1990;24: 9-12


02出典:
Misrachi A, Mitchell (1991) A case cluster of listeriosis in Tasmania, Commun Dis Intell.15(23):427.


02出典:
Smith W. 1991. Listeriosis in western Sydney. Infectious Diseases, NSW. 2 (12):133-4


02出典:
Goulet V, Marchetti P. 1996. Listeriosis in 225 Non-pregnant Patients in 1992: ClinicalAspects and Outcomes in Relation to Predisposing Conditions. Scand J Infect Dis28:367.74.


02出典:
Paul ML, Dwyer DE, Chow C, et. al. 1994. Listeriosis . a review of eighty-four cases.Med J Aust. 160:489-93.


02出典:
Szabo EA, Desmarchelier PM. 1990. A comparative study of clinical and food isolates ofListeria monocytogenes and related species. Epidemiol Infect. 105(2):245-54.


02出典:
Anon. 2000 Multistate outbreak of listeriosis.United States 2000. MMWR 49:1129-30.


02出典:
Brett M SY, Short P and McLauchin, J (1998) A small outbreak of listeriosis associated withsmoked mussels. International Journal of Food Microbiology 43 223-229


02出典:
Kieft C, Perks M, Baker M, Galloway Y, Sutherland H. (1999) Annual SurveillanceSummary 1999. Institute of Environmental Science and Research Client Report FW0059.Porirua: ESR


02出典:
Scott W G, Scott H M, Lake, R J and Baker, M G (2000) Economic cost to New Zealand offoodborne infectious disease. New Zealand Medical Journal 14 July 2000, 281-4


02出典:
Sim J, Hood D, Finnie L, Wilson M, Graham C, Brett M and Hudson JA (In preparation)A series of incidents of Listeria monocytogenes non-invasive febrile gastroenteritis involvingready-to-eat meats.


02出典:
Anon (1996) Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, New Zealand Public Health Report, Vol3, No 2, page 14


02出典:
Anon (1997) Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, New Zealand Public Health Report, Vol3, No 2, page 14


02出典:
Anon (1998) Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, New Zealand Public Health Report, Vol3, No 2, page 14


02出典:
Anon (1999) Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, New Zealand Public Health Report, Vol3, No 2, page 14


02出典:
Anon (2000) Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, New Zealand Public Health Report, Vol3, No 2, page 14


02出典:
Anon (2001) Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, New Zealand Public Health Report, Vol3, No 2, page 14


02出典:
ANZFA (2001) Food Industry Recall Protocol: A guide to conducting a food recall, 4th Edition, ANZFA, Canberra


02出典:
Adak, G.K., Cowden, J.M., Nicholas, S., and Evans, H.S. (1995) The public health laboratory service national case-control study of primary indigenous sporadic cases of Campylobacter infection. Epidemiol. Infect. 115, 15-22.


02出典:
AIM Nielsen og Levnedsmiddelstyrelsen (1997). Hygiejne ・Temperaturmaling i koleskabe.


02出典:
Allos, B.M. and Blaser, M.J. (1995) Campylobacter jejuni and the expanding spectrum of related infections. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20, 1092-1101.


02出典:
Allos, B.M. (1997) Association between Campylobacter infection and Guillain-Barre syndrome. J. Infect. Dis. 176, S125-S128.


02出典:
Altekruse, S.F., Street, D.A., Fein, S.B., and Levy, A.S. (1995). Consumer Knowledge of Food-borne Microbial Hazards and Food-Handling Practices. J.Food Prot.59, 287-294.


02出典:
Altekruse, S.F., Stern, N.J., Fields, P.I., and Swerdlow, D.L. (1999) Campylobacter jejuni ・An emerging foodborne pathogen. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 5, 28-35.


02出典:
Andersen, N.L., Fagt, S., Groth, M.V., Hartkopp, H.B., Mler, A., Ovesen, L. and Warming, D.L. (1996) Dietary habits in Denmark, 1995 (in Danish). The National Food Agency, Publication No. 235.


02出典:
Anderson, Y., Norberg, P., and de Jong, B. (1994). Hur farlig er maten?. Var Foda  6, 304-312.


02出典:
Anonymous (1999a) Annual report on zoonosis in Denmark 1999. Minestry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Denmark.


02出典:
Anonymous (1999b). Guidelines regarding pathogenic micro-organisms in foods. The Danish Veterinary and Food Administration.


02出典:
Anonymous (1999c) Trends and sources of zoonotic agents in animals, feedstuffs, food and man in the European Union in 1997. Part 1. Document No. VI/8495/98 ・Rev. 2 of the European Commission, Community Reference Laboratory on the Epidemiology of Zoonoses, BgVV, Berlin, Germany.


02出典:
Anonymous (1999d) DANMAP 99 ・Consumption of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food animals, food and humans in Denmark. ISSN 1600-2032.


02出典:
Anonymous (1998a) Trends and sources of zoonotic agents in animals, feeding stuff, food and man in the European Union in 1996. Part 1. Community Reference Laboratory on the Epidemiology of Zoonoses, BgVV, Berlin, Germany.


02出典:
Anonymous (1998b) Annual report on zoonosis in Denmark 1998. Minestry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Denmark.


02出典:
Anonymous (1998c) DANMAP 98 ・Consumption of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food animals, food and humans in Denmark. ISSN 1397-1409.


02出典:
Anonymous (1997a) Annual report on zoonosis in Denmark 1997. Minestry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Denmark.


02出典:
Anonymous (1997b) DANMAP 97 ・Consumption of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food animals, food and humans in Denmark. ISSN 1397-1409.


02出典:
Anonymous (1996) Annual report on zoonosis in Denmark 1996. Minestry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Denmark.


02出典:
Anonymous (1995) Annual report on zoonosis in Denmark 1995. Minestry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Denmark.


02出典:
Anonymous (1994) Annual report on zoonosis in Denmark 1994. Minestry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Denmark.


02出典:
Arvanitdou, M., Stathopoulos, G.A., Constantinidis, T.C. and Katsouyannopoulos, V. (1995) The occurance of Salmonella, Campylobacter and Yersinia spp. in river and lake waters. Microl. Res. 150, 153-158.


02出典:
Baffer; J.R.J. (1985) Biotypes and serotypes of Campylobcater jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains isolated from patients, pigs, and chickens in the region of Rotterdam. J. Infect. 10, 277-281.


02出典:
Barrow, G. I. and Feltham, R.K.A. (1993) Cowan and Steel痴 manual for the identification of medical bacteria. University Press, Cambridge, pp. 158-160.


02出典:
Beumer, R.R., de Vries, J. and Rombouts, F.M. (1992) Campylobacter jejuni non-culturable coccoid cells. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 15, 153-163.


02出典:
Berndtson, E. (1996) Campylobacter in broiler chickens. The mode of spread in chicken flocks with special reference to food hygiene. Ph.D. Thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Food Hygiene. SLU Repro, Uppsala.


02出典:
Berndtson, E., Danielsson-Tham, M.L., and Engvall, A. (1996) Campylobacter incidence on a chicken farm and the spread of Campylobacter during the slaughter process. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 32, 35-47.


02出典:
Berndtson, E., Tivemo, M., and Engvall, A. (1992). Distribution and numbers of Campylobacter in newly slaughtered broiler chickens and hens. Int. J. Food Microbiol.15, 45-50.


02出典:
Black, R.E., Levine, M.M., Clements, M.L., Hughes, T.P. and Blaser, M. (1988) Experimental Campylobacter jejuni infection in humans. J. Infect. Dis. 157, 472-479.


02出典:
Blankenship, L.C. and Craven, S.E. (1982) Campylobacter jejuni survival in chickenmeat as a function of temperature. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44, 88-92.


02出典:
Blaser, M.J., Allos, B.M., and Lang, D. (1997) Development of Guillain-Barre syndrome following Campylobacter infection. J. Infect. Dis. 176 (Suppl. 2), S91.


02出典:
Blaser, M., Cravens, J., Bradley, W.P., Wang, W.L. (1978). Campylobacter enteritis associated with canine infection. Lancet 2, 8097, 979-981.


02出典:
Blaser, M.J., Hardesty, H.L., Powers, B., and Wang, W.-L.L. (1980) Survival of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni in biological milieus. J. Clin. Microbiol. 11, 309-313.


02出典:
Blaser, M.J., Taylor, D.N., and Feldman, R.A. (1983) Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni infections. Epidemiol. Rev. 5, 157-176.


02出典:
Bolton, F.J., Coates, D., and Hutchinson, D.N., and Godfree, A.F. (1987) A study of thermophilic campylobacters in a river system. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 62, 167-176.


02出典:
Bolton, F.J., Surman, S.B., Martin, K., Wareing, D.R.A., and Humphrey, T.J. (1999) Presence of Campylobacter and salmonella in sand from bathing beaches. Epidemiol. Infect. 122, 7-13.


02出典:
Bolton, F.J., Williamson, J.K., Allen, G., Wareing, D.R., Frost, J.A. (1999). Prevalence of C. jejuni and C. coli in meat products and packaging sold at retail: A potential public health problem. Proceedings from the 10th International International Workshop on CHRO, p. 61, Baltimore, Maryland, September 12-16, 1999.


02出典:
Boucher, S.N., Slater, E.R., Chamberlain, A.H. & Adams, M.R. (1994) Production and viability of coccoid forms of Campylobacter jejuni. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 77, 303-307.


02出典:
Brennhovd, O. (1991). Termotolerante Campylobacter spp. og Yersinia spp. i noen norske vannforekomster. Forskningsopgave for graden doctor scientiarum, Institutt for naeingsmiddelhygiene, Norges veterinaerhogskole.


02出典:
Brennhovd, O., Kapperud, G., and Langeland, G. (1992) Survey of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. and Yersinia spp. in three surface water sources in Norway. Int. J. Food. Microbiol. 15, 327-338.


02出典:
Brieseman, M.A. (1985) The epidemiology of Campylobacter infections in Christchurch 1981-83. NZ Med. J. 98, 391-393.


02出典:
Brieseman, M.A. (1990) A further study of the epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni infections. NZ Med. J. 103, 207-209.


02出典:
Brown, P., Kidd, D., Riordan, T., and Barrell, R.A. (1988). An outbreak of food-borne Campylobacter jejuni infection and the possible role of cross-contamination. J. Infect. 17, 171-176.


02出典:
Bryan, F.L. (1990) Hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) systems for retail food and restaurant operations. J. Food Prot. 53, 11, 978-983.


02出典:
Cabrita, J., Rhodrigues, J., Braganca, F., Morgado, C., Pires, I, and Goncalves, A.P. (1992) Prevalence, biotypes, plasmid profile and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolated from wild and domestic animals from northeast Portugal. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 73, 279-285.


02出典:
Cappelier, J.M., Minet, J., Magras, C., Colwell, R.R. and Federighi, M. (1999) Recovery in embryonated eggs of viable but nonculturable Campylobacter jejuni cells and maintenance of ability to adhere to HeLa cells after resuscitation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65, 5154-5157.


02出典:
Carter, A.M., Pacha, R.E., Clark, G.W., and Williams E.A. (1987) Seasonal occurance of Campylobacter spp. in surface waters and their correlation with standard indicator bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53, 523-526.


02出典:
Cason, J.A., Bailey, J.S., Stern, N.J. Whittemore, A.D., and Cox, N.A. (1997) Relationship between aerobic bacteria, Salmonellae, and Campylobacter on broiler carcasses. Poultry Science 76, 1037-1041.


02出典:
Center for Alternativ Samfundsanalyse (CASA) (1999). Kkenhygiejne i danske husstande ・viden og adfaerd.


02出典:
Christenson, B., Ringner, A., Bluchner, C., Billaudelle, H., Gundtoft,. K.N., Eriksson, G., and Bottiger, M. (1983) An outbreak of Campylobacter enteritis among the staff of a poultry abattoir in Sweden. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 15, 167-172.


02出典:
Coates, D., Hutchinson, D.N., and Bolton, F.J. (1987). Survival of thermophilic Campylobacters on fingertips and their elimination by washing and desinfection. Epidem. Inf. 99, 265-274.


02出典:
Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) (1999a). Proposed Draft Principles and Guidelines for the Conduct of Microbiological Risk Management at step 3. Joint FAO/WHO food standards programme. Codex Committee on Food Hygiene, 32th session, December 1999.


02出典:
Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) (1999b). Principles and Guidelines for the Conduct of Microbiological Risk Assessment. Joint FAO/WHO food standards programme. Codex Committee on Food Hygiene, 32th session, Rome, Italy, 28 June ・3 july 1999.


02出典:
Cowden, J. (1992) Campylobacter: epidemiological paradoxes. BMJ 305, 132-133.


02出典:
Curtis, L.M., Patrick, M., and Blackburn, C. de W. (1995) Survival of Campylobacter jejuni in foods and comparison with a predictive model. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 21, 194-197.


02出典:
Daniels, R.W. (1998). Home Food Safety. Food Technology 52, 54-56.


02出典:
De Boer, E., Hahne, M. (1990). Cross-contamination with Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella spp. from Raw Chicken Products During Food Preparation. J. Food Prot. 53, 1067-1068.


02出典:
Deming, M.S., Tauxe, R.V., Blake, P.A., Blake, S.E., Dixon, S.E., Fowler, B.S., Jones, T.S., Lockamy, E.A., Patton, C.M., Sikes, R.O. (1987) Campylobacter enteritis at a university from eating chickens and from cats. Am. J. Epidemiol. 126, 526-534.


02出典:
Doyle, M.P. and Schoeni, J.N. (1986) Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from retail mushrooms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 51, 449-450.


02出典:
Engberg, J., Gerner-Smidt, P., Scheutz, F, Nielsen, E.M., On, S.L.W., Molbak, K. (1998). Waterborne Campylobacter jejuni infection in a Danish town ・a six week continous source outbreak. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 4, 648-656.


02出典:
Engberg, J. and Nielsen, E.M. (1998) Campylobacter-enteritis i Danmark (in Danish). Manedsskr. Prakt. Laegegern. 76, 1235-1244.


02出典:
FAO/WHO (1995). Application of Risk Analysis to Food Standard Issues. Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation . Geneva, Switzerland, 13-17 March 1995. WHO: Geneva.


02出典:
FAO/WHO (1997). Risk Management and Food Safety. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Consultation. Rome, Italy, 27-31 January 1997. Rome: FAO


02出典:
FAO/WHO (1998). Application of Risk Communication to Food Standards and Safety Matters. Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation. Rome, Italy, 2 ・6 February 1998.


02出典:
Fazil, A., Lowman, R., Stern, N., and Lammerding, A. (1999a) A quantitative risk assessment model for Campylobacter jejuni on chicken. 10th International Workshop on Campylobacter, Helicobacter and related organisms, Baltimore, Maryland, pp. 65.


02出典:
Fearnley, C., Ayling, R., Cawthraw, S. & Newell, D.G. (1996) The formation of viable but non-culturable C. jejuni and their failure to colonise one-day-old chicks. In Campylobacters, Helicobacters and Related Organisms (Eds. Newell, D.G., Ketley, J.M. & Feldman, R.A. pp. 101-104. New York, Plenum Press.


02出典:
Finch, M. and Blake, P. (1985) Food-borne outbreaks of campylobacteriosis: The United States experience, 1980-1982. Am. J. Epidemiol. 122, 262-268.


02出典:
Foegeding, P.M., and Roberts, T. (1996). Assessment of risks associated with food-borne pathogens: An overview of a Council for Agriculturel Science and Technology Report. J. Food Prot. Suppl., 19-23.


02出典:
Fricker, C.R. and Park, R.W. (1989) A two-year study of thr distribution of 奏hermophilic・campylobacters in human, environmental and food samples from the Reading area with particular reference to toxin production and heat stable serotype. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 66, 477-490.


02出典:
Frost, J.A., Kramer, J.M., Bolton, F.J., Ribeiro, M., Simmons, M. (1999). Campylobacter contamination of poultry and carcass meats at retail sale and a comparison with isolates from human infection. Proceedings from the 10th International Workshop on CHRO, p. 63, Baltimore, Maryland, September 12-16, 1999.


02出典:
Ghinsberg, R.C., Bar Dov, L., Rogol, M., Sheinberg, Y., Nitzan, Y. (1994). Monitoring of selected bacteria and fungi in sand and sea water along the Tel Aviv coast. Microbios 77, 29-40.


02出典:
Griffin, M.R., Dalley, E., Fitzpatrick, M., and Austin, S.H. (1983) Campylobacter gastroenteritis associated with raw clams. J. Med. Soc. NJ 80, 607-609.


02出典:
Griffith, C., Worsfold, D., and Mitchell, R. (1998). Food preparation, risk communication and the consumer. Food Control  9, 225-232.


02出典:
Haas, C.N. (1983) Estimation of risk due to low doses of microorganisms: A comparison of alternative methodologies. Am. J. Epidemiol. 118, 573-582.


02出典:
Hald, B. and Madsen, M. (1997) Healthy puppies and kittens as carriers of Campylobacter spp. with special reference to Campylobacter upsaliensis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35, 3351-3352.


02出典:
Hanninen, M.-K. (1981) Survival of Campylobacter jejuni/coli in ground refrigerated and in ground frozen beef liver and in frozen broiler carcasses. Acta Vet. Scand. 22, 566-577.


02出典:
Hanninen, M.L., Perko-Makela, P., Pitkala, A., Rautelin, H. (1999). A three-year Study of the Distribution of Campylobacter jejuni / coli in Domestically Acquired Human Infections and Chicken Meat Samples from Helsinki Area. Proceedings from the 10th International Workshop on CHRO, p.54, Baltimore, Maryland, September 12-16, 1999.


02出典:
Harris, N.V., Weiss, N.S., and Nolan, C.M. (1986) The role of poultry and meats in the etiology of Campylobacter jejuni/coli enteritis. Am. J. Publich Health 76, 407-411.


02出典:
Hartnett, E., Kelly, L., Newell, D., Gettinby, G., and Wooldridge, M. (1999) A quantitative risk assessment for Campylobacter in briolers. 10th International Workshop on Campylobacter, Helicobacter and related organisms, Baltimore, Maryland, pp. 63.


02出典:
Holt, J.G., Krieg, N.R., Sneath, P.H.A., Staley, J.T. and Williams, S.T. (1994) Bergey痴 manual of determinative bacteriology. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. 39-63.


02出典:
Hopkins, R.S., Olmsted, R., and Istre, G.R. (1984) Endemic Campylobacter jejuni infection in Colorado: identified risk factors. Am. J. Publich Health 74, 249-50.


02出典:
Hudson, J.A., Nicol., C., Wright, J., Whyte, R., and Hasell, S.K. (1999) Seasonal variation of Campylobacter types from human cases, veterinary cases, raw chichen, milk and water. J. Appl. Microbiol. 87, 115-124.


02出典:
Hudson, W.R, and Mead, G.C. (1987). Factors affecting the survival of Campylobacter jejuni in relation to immersion scalding of poultry. Vet. Rec. 121, 225-227.


02出典:
Humphrey, T.J., Henley, A., and Lanning, D.G. (1993). The colonization of broiler chickens with Campylobacter jejuni: some epidemiological investigations. Epidemiol. Infect. 110, 601-607.


02出典:
Humphrey, T.J. and Lanning, D.G. (1987) Salmonella and Campylobacter contamination of broiler chicken carcasses and scald tank water: the influence of water pH. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 63, 21-25.


02出典:
ICMSF (1996) Microorganisms in foods 5. Characteristics of microbial pathogens, Blackie Academic & Professional, London, pp. 45-65.


02出典:
ICSMF (1988) HACCP in Microbiological Safety and Quality. International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods. Blackwell Scientific Publications.


02出典:
ICMSF (1999). Principles for the Establishment of Microbiological Food Safety Objectives and Related Control Measures. Accepted for publication in Food Control.


02出典:
Ikram, R., Chambers, S., Mitchell, P., Brieseman, M.A., and Ikam, O.H. (1994) Case control study to determine risk factors for Campylobacter infection in Christchurch in the summer 1992-3. NZ Med. J. 107, 430-432.


02出典:
Izat, A.L., Gardner, F.A., Denton, J.H., and Golan, F.A. (1988) Incidence and level of Campylobacter jejuni in broiler processing. Poultry Science 67, 1568-1572.


02出典:
Jacobs-Reitsma, W.F., Kan, C.A., and Bolder, N.M. (1994) The introduction of quinolone resistance in Campylobacter bacteria in broilers by quinolone treatment. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 19, 228-231.


02出典:
Jacobs-Reitsma, W.F., van de Giessen, A.W. Bolder, N.M., and Mulder, R.W.A.W. (1995) Epidemiology of Campylobacter spp. at two Dutch broiler farms. Epidemiol. Infect. 114, 413-421.


02出典:
Jay, L.S., Comar, D., and Govenlock, L.D. (1999). A National Australian Food Safety Telephone Survey. J. Food Prot. 62, 921-928.


02出典:
Jones, D.M. and Robinson, D.A. (1981) Occupational exposure to Campylobacter jejuni infection. Lancet 1, 440-441.


02出典:
Jones, D.M., Sutcliffe, E.M. and Curry, A. (1991) Recovery of viable but not culturable Campylobacter jejuni. J. Gen. Microbiol. 137, 2477-2482.


02出典:
Jones,K., Betaieb, M, and Telford, D.R. (1990) Thermophilic campylobacters in surface waters around Lancaster, UK; negative correlation with Campylobacter infections in the community. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 69, 758-764.


02出典:
Kapperud, G. (2000) Folkehelsa and The Veterinary University, Norway, personal communication.


02出典:
Kapperud, G. (1994) Campylobacter infections. Epidemiology, risk factors and preventive measures (in Norwegian). Tidskr. Nor. L詒eforen., 114, 795-799.


02出典:
Kapperud, G and Aasen, S. (1992) Descriptive epidemiology of infections due to thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. in Norway, 1979-1988. APMIS, 100, 883-890.


02出典:
Kapperud, G., Skjerve, E., Bean, N.H., Ostroff, S.M, and Lassen, J. (1992) Risk factors for sporadic Campylobacter infections: Results of a case-control study in Southeastern Norway. J. Clin. Microbiol. 30, 3117-3121.


02出典:
Kapperud, G., Skjerve, E., Vik, L., Hauge, K., Lysaker, A., Aalmen, I., Ostroff, S.M., and Potter, M. (1993) Epidemiological investigations of risk factors for Campylobacter colonization in Norwegian broiler flocks. Epidemiol. Infect. 111, 245-255.


02出典:
Ketley, J.M. (1995) Virulence of Campylobacter species: A molecular genetic approach. J. Med. Microbiol. 42, 312-327.


02出典:
Ketley, J.M. (1997) Pathogenesis of enteric infection by Campylobacter. Microbiol. 143, 5-21.


02出典:
Kirk, M., Waddel., R., Dalton, C., Creaser, A., and Rose, N. (1997) A prolonged outbreak of Campylobacter infection at a training facility. Comm. Dis. Intell. 21, 57-61.


02出典:
Kist, M., Rossner, R. (1985). Infection with Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli and other enteric pathogens compared: a five year case-control study. In Campylobacter III: Procedings of the Third International Workshop on Campylobacter Infections. Pp. 255-258, London: Public Health Laboratory Service.


02出典:
Knabel, S.J. (1995). Food-borne Illness: Role of Home Food Handling Practices. Institute of Food technologist・Expert Panel on Food Safety and Nutrition. Food Technol. 48, 119-131.


02出典:
Korsak, D. & Popowski, J. (1997) Campylobacter jejuni in coccoid forms does not reverse into spiral form in chicken guts. Acta Microbiol Pol. 46, 409-412.


02出典:
Lammerding, A.M. (1997). An overview of microbial food safety risk assessment. J. Food Prot, 60, 1420-1425.


02出典:
Lee, A., Smith, S.C. and Coloe (1998) Survival and growth of Campylobacter jejuni after artificial inoculation onto chicken skin as a function of temperature and packaging conditions. J. Food Prot. 61, 1609-1614.


02出典:
Lighton, L.L., Kaczmarski, E.B., and Jones, D.M. (1991) A study of risk factors for Campylobacter infection in late spring. Publich Health 105, 199-203.


02出典:
Lings, S., Lander, F., Lebech, M. (1994). Antimicrobial antibodies in Danish slaughterhouse workers and greenhouse workers. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health  65, 405-409.


02出典:
Mancinelli, S., Riccardi, F., Santi, A.L., Palombi, L., Marazzi, M.C. (1988). [Campylobacter jejuni infections in slaughterhouse workers]. Boll Ist Sieroter Milan, 67, 363-368.


02出典:
Martin, K.W., Cogan, T.A., Jorgensen, F., Domingue, G., and Humphrey, T.J. (1999). Survival of Campylobacter jejuni on surfaces subject to drying. Proceedings from the 10th International Workshop on CHRO, p.66, Baltimore, Maryland, September 12-16, 1999.


02出典:
Mead, G.C., Hudson, W.R., and Hinton, M.H. (1995) Effect of changes in processing to improve hygiene control on contamination of poultry carcasses with Campylobacter. Epidemiol. Infect. 115, 495-500.


02出典:
Mead, P.S., Slutsker, L., Dietz, V., McCaig, L.F., Bresee, J.S., Shapiro,C. Griffin, P.M., and Tauxe, R.V. (1999) Food-related illness and death in the United States. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 5, 607-625


02出典:
Medema, G.J., Schets, F.M., van de Giessen, A.W. & Havelaar, A.H. (1992) Lack of colonization of one day old chicks by viable, non-culturable Campylobacter jejuni. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 72, 512-516.


02出典:
Medema, G.J., Teunis, P.F.M., Havelaar, A.H., and Haas, C.N. (1996) Asessment of the dose-respons relationship of Campylobacter jejuni. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 30, 101-111.


02出典:
Molbak, K., Petersen, E., Bottiger, B. and Gerner-Smith, P. (1999) Travellers diarrhoea ・epidemiology and etiology (in Danish). Manedsskr. Praktisk Laegegerning 77, 157-172.


02出典:
Mishu, B. and Blaser,. M.J. (1993) Role of infection due to Campylobacter jejuni in the initiation of Guillain-Barre Syndrome. Clin. Infect. Dis. 17, 104-108.


02出典:
Mishu, B., Ilyas, A.A., Koski, C.L., Vriesendorp, F., Cook, S.D., Mithen, F.A., Blaser, M.J. (1993) Serologic evidence of previous Campylobacter jejuni infection in patients with the Guillain-Barr・Syndrome. Ann. Intern. Med. 118, 947-953.


02出典:
Neal, K.H., Scott, H.M., Slack, R.C.B., Logan, R.F.A. (1996). Omeprazole as a risk factor campylobacter gastroenteritis: case-control study. BMJ 312, 414-415.


02出典:
Neal, K.R. and Slack, R.C. (1995). The autumn peak in campylobacter gastro-enteritis. Are the risk factors the same for travel ・and UK- acquired campylobacter infections? J Public Health Med. 17, 98-102.


02出典:
Neal, K.R. and Slack, R.C.B. (1997) Diabetes melitus, anti-secretory drugs and other risk factors foe Campylobacter gastro-enteritis in adults: a case-control study. Epidemiol. Infect. 119, 307-311.


02出典:
Neimann, J. (1999). Smittekilder til fodevarebarne Campylobacter infektioner i Danmark (II). Zoonose-Nyt 6, 13-15.


02出典:
Neimann, J., Engberg, J., Molbak, K, and Wegener, H.C. (1998) Food-borne risk factors associated with sporadic campylobacteriosis in Denmark (in Danish). Dansk Veterinaertidsskrift 81, 702-705.


02出典:
Newell, D., Hartnett, E., Madsen, M., Engberg, J., Hald, T., Wedderkopp, A., and Engvall, A. (1999) The comparison of seasonality in Campylobacter infections in humans and chickens from three European countries. 10th International Workshop on Campylobacter, Helicobacter and related organisms, Baltimore, Maryland, pp.41.


02出典:
Nielsen, E.M., Engberg, J., and Madsen, M. (1997) Distribution of serotypes of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from Danish patients, poultry, cattle, and swine. FEMS Immuno. Med. Microbiol. 19, 47-56.


02出典:
Nielsen, E.M., Nielsen, N.L. (1999). Serotypes and typability of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from poultry products. Int J Food Microbiol, 46, 3, 199-205.


02出典:
Norkrans. G. and Svedheim. A. (1982) Epidemiological aspects of Campylobacter jejuni enteritis. J. Hyg. (Lond) 89, 163-170.


02出典:
Okrend, A.J., Johnston, R.W., and Moran, A.B. (1986). Effect of acetic acid on the death rates at 52ｰC of Salmonella newport, Salmonella typhimurium and Campylobacter jejuni in poultry scald water. J. Food Prot. 49, 500-503.


02出典:
Ono, K., Yamamoto, K. (1999). Contamination of meat with Campylobacter jejuni in Saitama, Japan. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 47, 211-219.


02出典:
Oosterom, J., den Uyl, C.H., Banffer, J.R.J., and Huisman, J. (1984) Epidemiological investigations on Campylobacter jejuni in households with primary infection. J. Hyg. (Lond) 92, 325-332.


02出典:
Oosterom, J., Notermans, S., Karman, H., and Engels, G.B. (1983a) Origin and prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in poultry processing. J. Food Prot. 46, 339-344.


02出典:
Oosterom, J., de Wilde, G.J.A., de Boer, E., de Blaauw, L.H., and Karman, H. (1983b) Survival of Campylobacter jejuni during poultry processing and pig slaughtering. J. Food Prot. 46, 702-706.


02出典:
Othsuka,K., Nakamura, Y., Hashimoto, M., Tagawa, Y., Takahashi, M., Saito, K., and Yuki, N. (1988) Fisher syndrome associated with IgG anti-GQ1b antibody following infection by a specific serotype of Campylobacter jejuni. Ophthalmology 105, 1281-1285.


02出典:
Park, C.E. and Sanders, G.W. (1992) Occurrence of thermotolerant campylobacters in fresh vegetables sold at farmers・outdoor markets and supermarkets. Can. J. Microbiol. 38, 313-316.


02出典:
Peabody, R.G., Ryan, M.J., and Wall, P.G. (1997) Outbreaks of Campylobacter infection: rare events for a common pathogen. Comm. Dis. Rep. 7, R33-R37.


02出典:
Peterson, M.C. (1994) Rheumatic manifestations of Campylobacter jejuni and C. fetus infections in adults. Scan. J. Rheumatol. 23, 167-170.


02出典:
Philips, C.A. (1995) Incidence of Campylobacter and possible modes of transmission. Nutr. Food Sci. 1, 12-17.


02出典:
Piddock, L.J.V. (1995) Quinolone resistance and Campylobacter spp. Antimicrob. Chemother. 36, 891-898.


02出典:
Pigrau, C., Bartolome, R., Almirante, B., Planes, A.M., Gavalda, J., Pahissa, A. (1997). Bacteremia due to Campylobacter species: clinical findings and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Clin. Infect. Dis. 6, 1414-20.


02出典:
Robinson, D.A. (1981) Infective dose of Campylobacter jejuni in milk. BMJ 282, 1584.


02出典:
Rollins, D.M. and Colwell, R.R. (1986) Viable but nonculturable stage of Campylobacter jejuni and its role in survival in the natural aquatic environment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 52, 531-538.


02出典:
Rosef, O., Gondrosen, B., Kapperud, G., and Underdal, B. (1983) Isolation and characterization of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from domestic and wild animals in Norway. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 46, 855-859.


02出典:
Rosef, O. and Kapperud, G. (1983) House flies (Musca domestica) as possible vectors of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45, 381-382.


02出典:
Rosenfield, J.A., Arnold, G.J., Davey, G.R., Archer, R.S., and Woods, W.H. (1985) Serotyping of Campylobacter jejuni from an outbreak of enteritis implicating chicken. J. Infect. 11, 159-165.


02出典:
Rosenquist, H.  and Nielsen, N.L. (1999) Surveillance program on thermophilic Campylobacter spp. (C. jejuni, C. coli and C. lari) in raw meat products from Danish retail outlets. 10th International Workshop on Campylobacter, Helicobacter and related organisms, Baltimore, Maryland, pp. 70.


02出典:
Ryan, M.J., Wall, P.G., Gilbert, R.J., Griffin, M., and Rowe, B. (1996). Risk factors for outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease linked to domestic catering. Commun. Dis. Rep. CDR Rev. 6, 13, R179-83.


02出典:
Saeed, A.M., Harris, N.V. and DiGiacomo, R.F. (1993) The role of exposure to animals in the etiology of Campylobacter jejuni/coli enteritis. Am. J. Epidemiol. 137, 108-114.


02出典:
Saha, S.K., Saha, S. & Sanyal, S.C. (1991) Recovery of injured Campylobacter jejuni cells after animal passage. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57, 3388-3389.


02出典:
Schlundt, J. (1999). Principles of food safety risk management. Food Control 10, 299-302.


02出典:
Schonheyder, H.C., Sogaard, P., Frederiksen, W. (1995). A survey of Campylobacter bacteremia in three Danish counties, 1989 to 1994. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 27, 145-8.


02出典:
Schorr, D., Schmid, H., Rieder, H.L., Baumgartner, A., Vorkauf, H., and Burnens, A. (1994) Risk factors for Campylobacter enteritis in Switzerland. Zbl. Hyg. 196, 327-337.


02出典:
Scott, E., Bloomfield, S.F., and Barlow, C.G. (1982). An investigation og microbial contamination in the home. J. Hyg. 89, 279-293.


02出典:
Skirrow, M.B. (1977) Campylobacter enteritis: a 創ew・disease. Br. M. J. 2, 9-11.


02出典:
Skirrow, M.B. (1987) A demographic  survey of Campylobacter, Salmonella and Shigella infections in England. Epidemiol. Infect. 99, 647-657.


02出典:
Skirrow, M.B. (1991) Epidemiology of Campylobacter enteritis. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 12, 9-16.


02出典:
Smith, J.L. (1996) Determinants that may be involved in virulence and disease in Campylobacter jejuni. J. Food Safety, 16, 105-139.


02出典:
Southern, J.P., Smith, R.M.M., and Palmer, S.R. (1990) Bird attack on milk bottles: possible mode of transmission of Campylobacter jejuni to man. Lancet 336, 1425-1427.


02出典:
Stafford, R., Tenkate, T, and McCall, B. (1996) A five year review of Campylobacter infection in Quensland. Comm. Dis. Intell. 20, 478-482.


02出典:
Stern, N.J. (1994). Mucosal competitive exclusion to diminish colonization of chickens by Campylobacter jejuni. Poultry Sci. 73, 402-407.


02出典:
Stern, N.J., Jones, D.M., Wesley, I.V., and Rollins, D.M. (1994) Colonization of chicks by non-culturable Campylobacter spp.. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 18, 333-336.


02出典:
Stern, N.J. and Kotula, A.W. (1982) Survival of Campylobacter jejuni inoculated into ground beef. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44, 1150-1153.


02出典:
Stern, N.J., Clavero, M.R.S., Bailey, J.S., Cox, N.A., and Robach, M.C. (1995) Campylobacter spp. in broilers on the farm and after transport. Poultry Science 74, 937-941.


02出典:
Sorensen, R. and Christensen, H. (1996) Campylobacter in pork meat ・a problem? (in Danish). Alimenta 19 (4)


02出典:
Tauxe, R.V. (1992) Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni infections in the United States and other industrialized nations. In: Nachamkin. I, Blaser, M.J. and Tompkins, L.S. (Eds.) Campylobacter jejuni: Current status and future trends. American Society for Microbiology, Washington D.C., pp. 9-19.


02出典:
Tauxe, R.V. (2000) National Center of Infectious diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA, Personal communication.


02出典:
Teunis, P.F.M. and Havelaar, A.H. (2000) The beta poisson dose-response model is not a single hit model. Risk Analysis 20, 513-520.


02出典:
Torn, N. (1999) Danpo A/S. Personal communication.


02出典:
Wareing, D.R., Bolton, F.J., Fox, A.J., Wright, P.A. (1999). The annual incidence and seasonal distribution of a Campylobacter jejuni strain associated with human infection. A proposal for a bovine reservoir and potential sources of transmission. Proceedings from the 10th International Workshop on CHRO, p.33, Baltimore, Maryland, September 12-16, 1999.


02出典:
Wheeler, J.G., Sethi, D., Cowden, J.M., Wall, P.G., Rodrigues, L.C., Tompkins, D.S., Hudson, M.J., and Roderick, P.J. (1999) Study of infectious intestinal disease in England: rates in the community, presenting to general practice, and reported to national surveillance. BMJ 318, 1046-1050.


02出典:
Wempe. J.M., Genigeorgis, C.A., Farver, T.B., and Yusufu, H.I. (1983) Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in two California chicken processing plants. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45, 355-359.


02出典:
WHO, (1997a) Risk management and food safety. FAO Food and nutrition paper no 65.


02出典:
WHO (1997b). Prevention and Control of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) Infections. The Food Safety Unit, World Health Organization.


02出典:
Widders, P.R., Perry, R., Muir, W.I., Husband, A.J., and Long, K.A. (1996). Immunisation of chickens to reduce intestinal colonisation with Campylobacter jejuni. Br. Poultry Sci. 37, 765-778.


02出典:
Williamson, D.M., Gravani, R.B., and Lawless, H. (1992). Correlating Food Safety Knowledge with Home Food-Preparation Practices. Food Technol. May, 94-100.


02出典:
Wooldridge, K.G. and Ketley, J.M. (1997) Campylobacter ・host cell interactions. Trends Microbiol. 5, 96-102.


02出典:
Worsfold, D., and Griffith, C.J. (1997a). Assessment of the Standard Consumer Food Safety Behavior. J. Food Prot. 60, 399-406.


02出典:
Worsfold, D., and Griffith, C. (1997b). Food safety behavior in the home. British Food Journal 99/3, 97-104


02出典:
Yang, S., Leff, M.g., Mctague, D., Horvath, K.A., Jackson-Thompson, J., Murayi, T., Boeselager, G.K., Melnik, T.A., Gildemaster, M.C., Ridings, D.L., Altekruse, S.F., and Angulo, F.J. (1998). Multistate surveillance for food-handling, preparation, and consumption behaviors associated with food-borne diseases: 1995 and 1996 BRFSS Food-Safety Questions. Mor. Mortal.Wkly. Rep.CDC Surveill. Summ. September 11, 1998 / 47(SS-4); 33-54.


02出典:
Yogasundram, K. and Shane S.M. (1986) The viability of Campylobacter jejuni on refrigerated chicken drumsticks. Vet. Res. Commun. 10, 479-486.


02出典:
Zhao, P., Zhao, T., Doyle, M.P., Rubino, J.R., and Meng, J. (1998). Development of a Model for Evaluation of Microbial Cross-Contamination in the Kitchen. J. Food Prot. 61, 960-963.


02出典:
Arnold G and Coble J (1995) Incidence of Listeria species in foods in NSW, Food Australia, 47(2), 71 . 75


02出典:
Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (2001) Australian Fisheries Statistics 2000, Canberra


02出典:
Ben Embarek P-K (1994) Presence, detection and growth of Listeria monocytogenes in seafoods: a review, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 23, 17-34


02出典:
Bille J (1990) Epidemiology of human listeriosis in Europe, with special reference to the Swissoutbreak, in Miller, Smith and Somkuti (eds), Foodborne Listeriosis, Elsevier Publishers,Amsterdam


02出典:
Cortesi M, Sarli T, Santoro A, Murru N and Pepe T (1997) Distribution and behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in three lots of naturally-contaminated vacuum-packed smoked salmon stored at 2 and 100C, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 37, 209-214


02出典:
Dalgaard P and Jorgensen L (1998) Predicted and observed growth of Listeria monocytogenes in seafood challenge tests and in naturally contaminated cold-smoked salmon, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 40, 105 - 115


02出典:
Dalton C, Austin C, Sobel J, Hayes P, Bibb W, Graves L, Swaminathan B, Proctor M and Griffin P (1997) An Outbreak of Gastroenteritis and Fever Due to Listeria monocytogenes in Milk, The New England Journal of Medicine, 336 (2), 100-105


02出典:
Dillon R, Patel T and Martin A (1994) Microbiological control for fish smoking operations, inMartin A (ed) Fisheries Processing, Chapman and Hall, London


02出典:
Dillon R, Patel T and Ratnam S (1992) Prevalence of Listeria in smoked fish, Journal of FoodProtection, 55 (11), 866-870


02出典:
Doyle M (1988) Effect of Environmental and Processing Conditions on Listeria monocytogenes,Food Technology, 42 (2), 169-171


02出典:
Duffes F, Corre C, Leroi F, Dousset X and Boyaval P (1999) Inhibition of Listeriamonocytogenes by in situ produced and semipurified bacteriocins of Carnobacterium spp. onvacuum-packed, refrigerated cold-smoked salmon, Journal of Food Protection, 62 (12), 1394 .1403


02出典:
Eklund M, Poysky F, Paranjpye R, Laskbrook L, Peterson M and Pelroy G (1995) Incidence and sources of Listeria monocytogenes in cold-smoked fishery products and processing plants,Journal of Food Protection, 58, 502-508


02出典:
Elliot E and Kvenberg J (2000) Risk assessment used to evaluate the US position on Listeriamonocytogenes in seafood, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 62, 253-260


02出典:
FAO (1999) FAO Fisheries Report No. 604, FAO Expert Consultation on the trade impact ofListeria in fish products Amherst USA 17-20 May 1999, FAO, Rome(http://www.fao.org/icatalog/inter-e.htm) (report accessed February 2002)


02出典:
FAO/WHO (2000) Expert consultation on risk assessment of microbiological hazards in foods,FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 71, FAO and WHO, Romehttp://www.fao.org/es/esn/pagerisk/riskpage.htm (accessed July 2001)


02出典:
Farber J (1991) Listeria monocytogenes in fish products, Journal of Food Protection, 54 (12),922.924, 934


02出典:
Farber J, Coates F and Daley E (1992) Minimum water activity requirements for the growth ofListeria monocytogenes, Letters in Applied Microbiology, 15, 103-105


02出典:
Farber J, Daley E, Mackie M and Limerick B (2000) A small outbreak of listeriosis potentiallylinked to the consumption of imitation crab meat, Letters in Applied Microbiology, 31, 100 - 104


02出典:
Farber J and Peterkin P (1991) Listeria monocytogenes, a Food-Borne Pathogen, Microbiological Reviews, 55 (3), 476-511


02出典:
Fletcher G, Rogers M and Wong R (1994) Survey of Listeria monocytogenes in New Zealandseafood, Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 3 (2), 13-24


02出典:
Fuchs R and Nicolaides L (1994) Incidence of Listeria in hot- and cold-smoked fish, Letters inApplied Microbiology, 19, 394-396


02出典:
Garland C (1995) Microbiological quality of aquaculture products with special reference toListeria monocytogenes in Atlantic salmon, Food Australia, 47 (12), 559-563


02出典:
Goulet V, Rocourt J, Rebiere I, Jacquet C, Moyse C, Dehaumont P, Salvat G and Veit P (1998) Listeriosis Outbreak Associated with the Consumption of Rillette in France in 1993, Journal of Infectious Diseases, 177, 155-160


02出典:
Grau F and Vanderlinde P (1992) Occurrence, numbers and growth of L. monocytogeneson some vacumm-packaged processed meat products, Journal of Food Protection, 55, 4-7


02出典:
Harrison M, Huang Y-W, Chao C-H and Shineman T (1991) Fate of Listeria monocytogenes on packaged, refrigerated and frozen seafood, Journal of Food Protection, 54 (7), 524 - 527


02出典:
Heinitz and Johnson (1998) The incidence of Listeria spp., Salmonella spp., and Clostridiumbotulinum in smoked fish and shellfish, Journal of Food Protection, Vol 61, No 3, pages 318 -323


02出典:
Hitchins A (1996) Assessment of alimentary exposure to Listeria monocytogenes, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 30, 71-85


02出典:
Hudson A, Mott S, Delacy K and Edridge A (1992) Incidence and coincidence of Listeria spp.,motile aeromonads and Yersinia enterocolitica on ready-to-eat fleshfoods, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 16, 99-108


02出典:
International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods (1996) Microorganismsin Food 5: Microbiological Specifications of Food Pathogens, Blackie Academic andProfessional, London


02出典:
Jemmi T (1993) Listeria monocytogenes in smoked fish: an overview, Archiv furLebensmittelhygiene, 44, 1-24


02出典:
Jorgensen L and Huss H (1998) Prevalence and growth of Listeria monocytogenes in naturallycontaminated seafood, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 42, 127-131


02出典:
Junttila J and Brander M (1989) Listeria monocytogenes septicemia associated with consumption of salted mushrooms, Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21, 339-342


02出典:
Kampelmacher E (1989) Foodborne Listeriosis . Facts and Fiction, in Foodborne Listeriosis:Proceedings of a Symposium on September 7 1988 in Wiesbaden, FRG, Technomic Publication,Pennsylvania


02出典:
Lennon D, Lewis B, Mantell C, Becroft D, Dove B, Farmer K, Tonkin S, Yeates N, Stamp R and Mickelson K (1984) Epidemic perinatal listeriosis, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 3 (1), 30 - 34


02出典:
Lindqvist R and Westoo A (2000) Quantitative risk assessment for Listeria monocytogenes insmoked or gravad salmon and rainbow trout in Sweden, International Journal of FoodMicrobiology, 58, 181-196


02出典:
Loncarevic S, Tham W and Danielsson-Tham M-L (1996) Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. in smoked and .gravad. fish, Acta vet. scand., 37 (1), 13-18


02出典:
Lovett J, Francis D and Bradshaw J (1990) Outgrowth of Listeria monocytogenes in foods, inMiller A, Smith J and Somkuti G (eds), Foodborne Listeriosis, Elsevier Publishers, Amsterdam


02出典:
Maijala R, Lyytikainen O, Johansson T, Autio T, Aalto T, Haavisto L and Hoonkane-Bulzaski T (2001) Exposure of Listeria monocytogenes within an epidemic caused by butter in Finland,International Journal of Food Microbiology 70, 97 -109


02出典:
McLennan W and Podger A (1998a) National Nutrition Survey Users. Guide, Australian Bureauof Statistics, Canberra


02出典:
Miettinen M, Siitonen A, Heiskanen P, Haajanen H, Bjorkroth K and Korkeala H (1999)Molecular Epidemiology of an Outbreak of Febrile Gastroenteritis Caused by Listeriamonocytogenes in Cold-Smoked Rainbow Trout, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 37 (7), 2358-2360


02出典:
National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods (1991) The HumanInfective Dose of Listeria monocytogenes, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 14, 216-219


02出典:
Riedo F, Pinner R, Tosca M, Cartter M, Graves L, Reeves M, Weaver R, Plikaytis B and Broome C (1994) A Point-Source Foodborne Listeriosis Outbreak: Documented Incubation Period and Possible Mild Illness, Journal of Infectious Diseases, 170, 693-696


02出典:
Rocourt J and Bille J (1997) Foodborne listeriosis, World Health Statistics Quarterly, 50, 67 - 73


02出典:
Rorvik L, Caugant D and Yndestad M (1995) Contamination pattern of Listeria monocytogenesand other Listeria spp. in a salmon slaughterhouse and smoked salmon processing plant,International Journal of Food Microbiology, 25, 19 - 27


02出典:
Rorvik L, Skjerve E, Knudsen B and Yndestad M (1997) Risk factors for contamination ofsmoked salmon with L. monocytogenes during processing, International Journal of FoodMicrobiology, 37, 215-219


02出典:
Ross T, Dalgaard P and Tienungoon S (2000) Predictive modelling of the growth and survival ofListeria in fishery products, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 62, 231-245


02出典:
Salamina G, Dalle Donne E, Niccolini A, Poda G, Cesaroni D, Bucci M, Fini R, Maldini M,Schuchat A, Swaminathan B, Bibb W, Rocourt J, Binkin N and Salmaso S (1996) A foodborneoutbreak of gastroenteritis involving Listeria monocytogenes, Epidemiological Infections, 117,429-436


02出典:
Schuchat A, Deaver K, Wenger J, Plikaytis B, Mascola L, Pinner R, Reingold A, Broome C, and the Listeria Study Group (1992) Role of Foods in Sporadic Listeriosis I Case-Control Study of Dietary Risk Factors, Journal of American Medical Association, 267 (15), 2041-2045


02出典:
United States Food and Drug Administration (January 19 2001) Relative Risk to Public Healthfrom Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes among selected categories of ready-to-eat foods, Draft risk assessment, Federal Register 66 no 13


02出典:
Weis J. 1975. The incidence of L. monocytogenes on plants and in soil. In: M. Woodbine, ed.Problems of Listeriosis. Leicester, UK: Leicester University Press, pp.61-65.


02出典:
Welshimer H.J. 1968. Isolation of L. monocytogenes from vegetation. J. Bacteriol. 95:300-303.


02出典:
Bille J. 1990. Epidemiology of human listerisosis in Europe, with special reference to theSwiss outbreak. In: A.J. Miller, J.L. Smith., and G.A. Somkuti, eds. Foodborne Listeriosis.Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 71-74.


02出典:
Bula C.J., Bille J, Glauser MP. 1995. An epidemic of food-borne listeriosis in WesternSwitzerland: description of 57 cases involving adults. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20:66-72


02出典:
Dalton CB, Austin CC, Sobel J, et. al. 1997. Listeriosis from chocolate milk: linking of anoutbreak of febrile gastroenteritis and .sporadic. invasive disesae. N. Engl. J. Med. 336:100-105.


02出典:
Goulet V, Lepoutre A, Rocourt J, et. al. 1993. Epidemie de listeriose en France: bilan final etresultats de l.enguete epidmiologique. Bull. Epidemiol. Hebdom. 4:13-14.


02出典:
Ho JL, Shands KN, Friedland G, et. al.. 1986. An outbreak of type 4b Listeriamonocytogenes infection involving patients from eight Boston hospitals. Arch. Intern. Med.146:520-524.


02出典:
Linman MJ, Mascola L, Lou XD, et. al.. 1988. Epidemic listeriosis associated with Mexicanstyle cheese. N. Engl. J. Med. 319: 823-828.


02出典:
Riedo FX, Pinner RW, Tosca ML, et. al. 1994. A point-source foodborne listeriosis outbreak:documented incubation period and possible mild illness. J. Infect. Dis. 170:693-696.


02出典:
Nguyen MH, Yu VL. 1994. Listeria monocytogenes peritonitis in cirrhotic patients. Dig. Dis.Sci. 39:215-218.


02出典:
Schuchat A, Deaver K, Wenger JD, et. al. 1992. Role of foods in sporadic listeriosis, I: Casecontrol study of dietary risk factors. J.A.M.A. 267:2041-2045.


02出典:
Schwartz B, Cisielski CA, Broome CV, et. al.. 1988. Association of sporadic listeriosis withconsumption on uncooked hotdogs and undercooked chicken. Lancet 2:779-782.


02出典:
Baloga AO, Harlander SK. 1991. Comparison of methods for discrimination between strainsof Listeria monocytogenes from epidemiological surveys. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.57:2324-2331.


02出典:
Bassler HA, Flood SJA, Livak KJ, et. al.. 1995. Use of a fluoogenic probe in a PCR-basedassay for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:3724-3728.


02出典:
Bille J, Rocourt J. 1996. WHO international multicenter Listeria monocytogenes subtypingstudy - rationale and set-up of the study. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 32:251-262.


02出典:
Siegman-Igra Y, Levin R, Weinberger M, et. al. 2002. Listeria monocytogenes Infection inIsrael and Review of Cases Worldwide. Emerg Inf Dis 8. Accessed fromhttp://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol8no3/01-0195.htm on 5 March 2002.


02出典:
Charpentier E, Courvalin P. 1999. Antibiotic Resistance in Listeria spp. Antimicrob AgentsChemother 43(9): 2103.2108.


02出典:
Anon. 1999. Update: multistate outbreak of listeriosis.United States, 1998.1999. MMWR.47:1117.8.


02出典:
Norris P, Beaton S, Taylor K, (Eds). 1996. Surveillance of Notifiable Infectious Diseases inVictoria, 1995. Department of Human Services, Melbourne.


02出典:
O.Grady K, Tallis G (Eds). 2001. Surveillance of Notifiable Infectious Diseases in Victoria,2000. Victorian Department of Human Services, Melbourne.


02出典:
Nassar N, Sullivan E. 2001. Australia.s mothers and babies 1999. Australian Institute ofHealth and Welfare, National Perinatal Statistics Unit, Perinatal Statistics Series Number 11,Sydney.


02出典:
Hall R, Shaw D,Lim I, et. al.. 1996. A cluster of listeriosis cases in South Australia. CommunDis Intell. 20(21):465


02出典:
Anon. A cluster of Listeriosis in the Hunter. 2000. New South Wales Public Health Bulletin.11(3):41


02出典:
Tan A, Li H, Heaton S, et. al. 1995. Probing epidemiological associations of Listeriamonocytogenes with PFGE techniques. Proceedings of the XII International Symposium onproblems of listeriosis. Perth, ISOPOL XIII.


02出典:
Inglis TJ, Clair A, Sampson J, et. al. 2001. Comparison of automated ribotyping with DNAmacrorestriction analysis of Listeria monocytogenes and their application during a Listeriosisoutbreak. (submitted).


02出典:
Richardson K, Moir C, Cox B. 2002. National Food Safety Risk Validation Project.Part 1,Risk Validation of High Risk Food Businesses (Draft). New South Wales HealthDepartment.


02出典:
Smerdon WJ, Jones R, McLauchlin J, et. al. 2001. Surveillance of listeriosis in England andWales, 1995.1999. Commun Dis Public Health 4:188.93


02出典:
Torvaldsen S, Kurinczuk JJ, Bower C, et. al.. 1999. Listeria awareness among new mothersin Western Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health 23(4): 362-7


02出典:
Watson C, Ott K. 1990. Listeria outbreak in Western Australia. Commun Dis Intell 1990; 24:9-12


02出典:
Goulet V, Marchetti P. 1996. Listeriosis in 225 Non-pregnant Patients in 1992: ClinicalAspects and Outcomes in Relation to Predisposing Conditions. Scand J Infect Dis 28:367.74.


02出典:
Paul ML, Dwyer DE, Chow C, et. al. 1994. Listeriosis . a review of eighty-four cases. Med JAust. 160:489-93.


02出典:
Kieft C, Perks M, Baker M, Galloway Y, Sutherland H. (1999) Annual Surveillance Summary1999. Institute of Environmental Science and Research Client Report FW0059. Porirua: ESR


02出典:
Buchanan R, Damert W, Whiting R and van Schothorst M (1997) Use of epidemiologic andfood survey data to estimate a purposefully conservative dose-response relationship forListeria monocytogenes levels and incidence of listeriosis, Journal of Food Protection, 60(8),918 - 922


02出典:
Cortesi M, Sarli T, Santoro A, Murru N and Pepe T (1997) Distribution and behavior ofListeria monocytogenes in three lots of naturally-contaminated vacuum-packed smokedsalmon stored at 2 and 100C, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 37, 209-214


02出典:
Hudson J and Garrett N (2001) Listeria monocytogenes in smoked fish: potential implicationsfor public health as a result of the ANZFA standards, Client Report FW0194


02出典:
Lyytikainen O, Autio T, Maijala R, Ruutu P, Honkanen-Buzalski T, Miettinen M, HatakkaM, Mikkola J, Anttila V-J, Johansson T, Rantala L, Aalto T, Korkeala H and Siitonen A(2000) An outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 3a infections from butter in Finland,Journal of Infectious Diseases, 181, 1838 - 1841


02出典:
Maijala R, Lyytikainen O, Johansson T, Autio T, Aalto T, Haavisto L and Hoonkane-Bulzaski T (2001) Exposure of Listeria monocytogenes within an epidemic caused by butterin Finland, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 70, 97 -109


02出典:
McLennan W and Podger A (1998a) National Nutrition Survey Users’ Guide, AustralianBureau of Statistics, Canberra


02出典:
Bell, R.G. and Hathaway, S.C. (1996). The hygienic efficiency of conventional andinverted lamb dressing systems. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 81, 225-234.


02出典:
Berends, B.R., Snijders, J.M.A. and van Logtestijn, J.G. (1993.) Efficacy of currentEC meat inspection procedures and some proposed revisions with respect tomicrobiological safety and quality assurance . A critical review. Vet. Rec. 133, 411-415.


02出典:
Cenci Goga, B.T., Trevisani, M., Loschi, A.R. and& Severini, M. (1996.) Peltremoval and lamb carcass contamination. In: Hinton, M.H., Rowlings, C. (Eds.).Concerted Action CT 94-1456: Factors affecting the microbial quality of Meat 3.Slaughter and Dressing. Eds. M.H. Hinton and C. Rowlings. University of BristolPress, UK, pp. 145-148


02出典:
Chao, K., Mehl, P.M. and Chen, Y.R. (2002.) Use of hyper- and multi-spectralimaging for detection of chicken skin tumors. Appl. Eng. Agric. 18, 113-119.


02出典:
EC (European Community), Anonymous (2001.) European Commission: Trendsand sources of zoonotic agents in animals, feedingstuffs, food, and man in theEuropean Union and Norway in 2001.


02出典:
Eckersall, P.D. (2000). Recent advances and future prospects for the use of acutephase proteins as markers of disease in animals. Rev. Med. Vet. 151 (7), 577-584.


02出典:
Empey, W.A. and Scott, W.J. (1939.) Investigations on chilled beef. I. Microbialcontamination acquired in the meat works. Council for Scientific and IndustrialResearch, Australia. Bulletin No. 126.


02出典:
Farber, J.M. and P.I. Peterkin, P.I.. 1999. Incidence and behaviour of Listeriamonocytogenes in meat products. In: Ryser ET and Marth EH (eds) Listeria,Listeriosis, and Food Safety, 505-564. New York, Marcel Dekker Inc.)


02出典:
Gerrand, W.G. (1975.) Potential risk areas in abattoirs. Institute of Meat BulletinNo. 89, 23.


02出典:
Gustavsson, P. and Borch, E. (1989.) In: Proceedings of the 35th InternationalCongress of Meat Science and Technology, 363, Copenhagen, Denmark.


02出典:
Hall, S.M. 1988. The epidemiology of listeriosis in England and Wales. Foodbornelisteriosis . Proceedings of a Symposium, Wisbaden, Germany, pp. 38-50


02出典:
Harbers, A.H.M. (1991.) Aspects of meat inspection in an integrated quality controlsystem for slaughter pigs. Thesis, Utrecht University, 136 (quoted by Snijders andvan Knapen, 1993).


02出典:
Herenda, D. (1994.) Manual of meat inspection for developing countries. FAO,Rome. (www.fao.org/docrep/003/t0756e/T0756E01.htm)


02出典:
Hsieh, C., Chen, Y.R., Dey, B.P. and Chan, D.E. (2002.) Separating septicemic andnormal chicken livers by visible/near-infrared spectroscopy and back-propagationneural networks. Tran. ASAE 45, 459-469.


02出典:
Oosterom, J., Notermans, S., Karman, H., Engels, G.B., (1983). Origin andprevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in poultry processing. Journal of FoodProtection, 46,: 339-344.


02出典:
Park, B. and Chen, Y.R. (2000.) Real-time dual-wavelength image processing forpoultry safety inspection. J. Food Proc. Eng. 23, 329-351.


02出典:
Small, A., C.-A. Reid, C.A., S.M. Avery, S.M., N. Karabasil, N., C. Crowley, C.and S. Buncic, S.. 2002. Potential for the spread of Escherichia coli O157,Salmonella and Campylobacter in the lairage environment at abattoirs. J. Food Prot.65,:931-936.


02出典:
Snijders, J.M.A. and van Knapen, F. (2002.) Prevention of human diseases by anintegrated quality control system. Livestock Prod. Sci. 76, 203-206.


02出典:
Swanenburg, M.,. Urlings, H.A.P., Keuzenkamp, D.A., Snijders, J.M., (2001).Salmonella in the lairage of pig slaughterhouses. Journal of Food Protection, 64,:12-16.


02出典:
Tinker, D., Allen, V.M., Whyte, R.T. and Berry, P.S. (1999.) Engineering solutionsto reduce gross contamination of lamb carcasses during pelt removal. Final ProjectReport for Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, UK.


02出典:
Trevisani, M., Cenci Goga, B.T., Loschi, A.R. and Severini, M. (1996.) The effectof de-pelting with air inflation on the appearance and microbiology of lambcarcasses. In: Proceedings of the 42nd International Congress of Meat Science andTechnology, Lillehammer, Sweden (1996), 450-451.


02出典:
Van Hoof, J. and Ectors, R. (2002.) Automated vision inspection of broilercarcasses. Fleischwirt. 4, 49-53.


02出典:
Atwill et al. (1997) Prevalence of and associated risk factors for shedding Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Giardia cysts within feral pig populations in California. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63, 3946-3949


02出典:
Campden & Chorleywood Food Research AssociationGroup (2000) Water quality for the food industry: management and microbiological issues. Guideline No. 27


02出典:
Cassin et al. (1998) Quantitative risk assessment for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef hamburgers. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 41, 21-44


02出典:
Deng et al. (1999) Cryptosporidium parvum studies with dairy products. International Journal of Food Microbiology 46, 113-121


02出典:
Gale (2001) Developments in microbiological risk assessment for drinking water. Journal of Applied Microbiology 91, 191-205


02出典:
Haas et al. (1999). Quantitative microbial risk assessment. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


02出典:
Harp et al. (1996) Effect of pasteurization on infectivity of C. parvum oocysts in water and milk. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 62, 2866-2868


02出典:
Hoornstra et al. (2001a). Quantitative microbiological risk assessment. International Journal of Food microbiology 66, 21-29


02出典:
Hoornstra et al. (2001b) The use of quantitative risk assessment in HACCP. Food Control 12, 229-234


02出典:
LeChevallier et al. (1991) Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. in filtered drinking water supplies. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 9, 2617-2621


02出典:
Notermans et al. (1998). Studies on the risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes.Journal of Food Protection 61, 244-248


02出典:
RiWa (2001). Cryptosporidium and Giardia: occurrence in sewage water, manure and surface water with swim and drinkwater purpose. RiWa report nr. 2000.035


02出典:
Robertson et al. (2001) Occurrence of parasites on fruits and vegetables in Norway. Journal of Food Protection 11, 1793-1798


02出典:
Teunis et al. (1997) Assessment of the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium or Giardia in drinking water from a surface water source. WaterResearch 31, 1333-1346


02出典:
Teunis et al. (1999) Cryptosporidium in drinking water: evaluation of the ILSI/RSI quantitative risk assessment framework. RIVM report no.284 550 006


02出典:
Thurston-Enriquez (2002) Detection of protozoan parasites and microsporidia in irrigation waters used for crop production. Journal of Food Protection 65, 378-382


02出典:
Warnes et al. (2003) unpublished: data obtained during EC Project CARAFE (QLK1 CT 1999 0075)


02出典:
Whiting et al. (1997) Development of a QRA model for Salmonella enteritidis in pasteurized liquid eggs. International Journal of Food Microbiology 36, 111-125


02出典:
Allegretti S., Beaumont V. and Robert-Gangneux F. (2001) Detection of tyrosinephosphorylated proteins in Trichinella spiralis L1 larvae. Xth international conference ontrichinellosis, 20-24 August, 2000, Fontainebleau, France. Parasite, 8 (2S):S59-S61.


02出典:
Anders W., Kauer E. and Sattler H. (1969) Epidemiologische Probleme eines Trichinose-Ausbruchs im Herbst 1967. Bundesgesundhbl. 20:317-319.


02出典:
Anonymous, (2000) Trichinellosis. Manual of Standards for diagnostic tests andvaccines, OIE 4th, 322-327.


02出典:
Auer H. and Aspock H. (2002) Die Trichinellose . eine fast vergessene Helminthose inMitteleuropa. Denisia 6, zugleich Kataloge des OO Landesmuseums, Neue Folge Nr.184:379-392.


02出典:
Ballek D., Takla M., Ising-Volmer S. and Stoye M. (1992) The helminth fauna of the redfox (Vulpes vulpes LINNE, 1758) in Nordhessen and Ostwestfalen. 2. Nematodes DtschTierarztl Wochenschr., 99:435-7.


02出典:
Dubinsky P., Stefancikova A., Hovorka I. and Mitterpak J. (1994) Epidemiology oftrichinellosis in Slovakia. In: Trichinellosis, Campbell W.C., Pozio E., Bruschi F. (Eds.).ISS Press, Rome, Italy, pp. 515-520.


02出典:
Dubinsky P., Stefancikova A., Kincekova J., Ondriska F., Reiterova K. and MedvedovaM. (2001) Trichinellosis in the Slovak Republic. Parasite 8(2S):S100-S102.


02出典:
EFSA Opinion (2004) on the suitability and details of freezing methods to allow humanconsumption of meat infected with Trichinella or Cysticercus. The EFSA Journal 142, 1-51. http://www.efsa.eu.int/science/biohaz/biohaz_opinions/777_en.html.


02出典:
Egbering O., (1988) Untersuchungen zur Entstehung und zum Verlauf einerTrichinellose-Epidemie. Vet. Med. Dis. Justus Liebig-Universitat Giessen.


02出典:
Enemark H.L., Bjorn H., Henriksen S.A. and Nielsen B. (2000) Screening for infection ofTrichinella in red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Denmark. Vet. Parasitol., 88:229-37.


02出典:
EU and Norway Zoonoses report (2003). “Trends and sources of zoonotic agents inanimals, feeding stuffs, Food and Man in the European Union and Norway”, in 2003.http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/food/biosafety/salmonella/zoonoses_reps_2003_en.htm


02出典:
Forbes L.B. and Gajadhar A.A. (1999) A validated Trichinella digestion assay and anassociated sampling and quality assurance system for use in testing pork and horse meat.J. Food Prot., 62:1308-1313.


02出典:
Gamble H.R., Pozio E., Bruschi F., Nockler K., Kapel C.M.O. and Gajadhar A.A. (2004)International Commission on Trichinellosis: Recommendations on the Use of SerologicalTests for the Detection of Trichinella Infection in Animals and Man. Parasite, 11:3-13.


02出典:
Gamble H.R., Bessonov A.S., Cuperlovic K., Gajadhar A.A., van Knapen F., Nockler K.,Schenone H. and Zhu X. (2000) International Commission on Trichinellosis:recommendations on methods for the control of Trichinella in domestic and wild animalsintended for human consumption. Vet. Parasit., 93:393-408


02出典:
Gamble H.R., Wisnewski N. and Wasson D.L. (1997) Diagnosis of trichinellosis in swineby enzyme immunoassay, using a synthetic glycan antigen. Amer. J.Vet. Res., 58:1417-1421.


02出典:
Gamble H.R. (1996) Detection of trichinellosis in pigs by artificial digestion and enzymeimmunoassay. J. Food-Prot., 59(3):295-298.


02出典:
Gari-Toussaint M., Tieulie N. and Baldin J.L. (2004).Trichinellosis due to Trichinellabritovi in the Alpes-Maritimes after consumption of frozen wild boar meat, autumn 2003.Trichinellose a Trichinella britovi dans les Alpes-Maritimes apres consommation deviande de sanglier congelee, automne 2003. Bull. Epidemiol. Hebd., 21:87-88.


02出典:
Gottstein B., Pozio E., Connolly B., Gamble H.R., Eckert J. and Jakob H.P. (1997)Epidemiological investigation of trichinellosis in Switzerland. Vet. Parasit., 72:201-7.


02出典:
Gould S.E. (1970) Clinical manifestations. B. Diagnosis. In: S.E. (ed.) Trichinosis in manand animals. C.C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield, Illinois, pp 307-328.


02出典:
Himonas C.A. (1971) The present status of human trichinosis in Greece. J. Parasitol.,57:1368-9.


02出典:
Himonas C.A. (1983) Trichinellosis in Greece. Proc. Internat. Comm. on TrichinellosisNo.17. Wiad. Parazytol., 29 (4/6):623.


02出典:
Hinaidy H.K., (1978) Report of trichinellosis in Austria. Wiad. Parazytol., 24:109-110.


02出典:
Hinaidy H.K., (1983) Report of trichinellosis in Austria. Wiad. Parazytol., 29:612-613.


02出典:
Hirvela-Koski V., Aho M., Asplund K., Hatakka M. and Hirn J.(1985) Trichinellaspiralis in wild animals, cats, mice, rats and farmed fur animals in Finland. Nord Vet.Med., 37:234-42.


02出典:
Hurnikova Z., .nabel V., Pozio E., Reiterova K., Hr.kova G., Halasova D. and DubinskyP. (2005) Domestic focus of Trichinella pseudospiralis in the Slovak Republic. Vet.Parasitol., In press.


02出典:
Igual J.P., Faugere B., Perre P., Bourgeade A. and Quilici M. (1985) La trichinose enProvence. A propos d’une epidemie familiere. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 78:473-477.


02出典:
Jarvis T., Miller I. and Pozio E. (2001) Epidemiological studies on animal and humantrichinellosis in Estonia. Parasite, 8:S86-S87.


02出典:
Jarvis T., Miller I. and Pozio E. (2002) Trichinella britovi in domestic pig - a case report.Act. Vet. Scand., 43:131-134.


02出典:
Jogiste A., Baratov O. and Varjas, J. (2000) Helminthiases in Estonia, 1960-1999.EpiNorth 1.


02出典:
Kapel C.M. and Gamble H.R. (2000) Infectivity, persistence, and antibody response todomestic and sylvatic Trichinella spp. in experimentally infected pigs. Int. J Parasitol.,30:215-21.


02出典:
Kapel C.M., Oivanen L., La Rosa G., Mikkonen T. and Pozio E. (2001) Evaluation oftwo PCR-based techniques for molecular epidemiology in Finland, a high-endemic areawith four sympatric Trichinella species. Parasite., 8 (2 Suppl):S39-4


02出典:
Kapel C.M.O., Henriksen S.A., Berg T.B. and Nansen P. (1995).Trichinella infections inarctic foxes from Greenland: studies and reflections on predilection sites of musclelarvae. J. Helmintol. 69.


02出典:
Keidans P., Kruklite A., Keidane D., Kirju.ina M., Lucenko I. (2004). Investigationsepidemiology trichinellosis in Latvia. www.riski.lv/public/25976.html.


02出典:
Kim C.W. (1983) Epidemiology. II. Geographic distribution and prevalence,p. 445.489.In W. C. Campbell (ed.), Trichinella and trichinosis.


02出典:
Kotula A.W., Rothenberg P.J., Burge J.R. and Solomon M.B. (1988) Distribution ofTrichinella spiralis in the diaphragm of experimentally infected swine. J.Food-Prot.,51:691-695.


02出典:
La Rosa G., Pozio E., Barrat J. and Blancou J. (1991) Identification of sylvaticTrichinella (T3) in foxes from France. Vet. Parasitol., 40:113-7.


02出典:
Leiby D.A., Schad G.A., Duffy C.H. and Murrell K.D. (1988) Trichinella spiralis in anagricultural ecosystem. III. Epidemiological investigations of Trichinella spiralis inresident wild and feral animals. J. Wild. Dis., 24(4):606-9.


02出典:
Leiby D.A., Duffy C.H., Murrell K.D. and Schad G.A., (1990) Trichinella spiralis in anagricultural ecosystem: transmission in the rat population. J. Parasitol., 76(3):360-4.


02出典:
Lindsay D.S., Zarlenga D.S., Gamble H.R., al-Yaman F., Smith P.C. and Blagburn B.L.(1995) Isolation and characterization of Trichinella pseudospiralis Garkavi, 1972 from ablack vulture (Coragyps atratus). J. Parasit., 81:920-3.


02出典:
Maddox-Hyttel C., Willeberg P. and Jensen H.G. (2002) Trichinella infection - a furtherexplanation. Trikinen: - en naermere forklaring. Dansk Veterinaertidsskrift 85 (5):13 (inDanish).


02出典:
Malakauskas A., Kapel C.M. and Webster P. (2001) Infectivity, persistence andserological response of nine Trichinella genotypes in rats. Parasite., 8 (2 Suppl):S216-22.


02出典:
Martinez Gomez, F. (1983) Trichinellosis in Spain 1978-1982. Wiadomosci.Parazytologiczne, 29:634-637.


02出典:
National reference Laboratory, Report DGAL 2004, Agriculture Ministry, France.


02出典:
Nockler K., Pozio E., Voigt W.P and Heidrich, J. (2000) Detection of Trichinellainfection in food animals. Vet. Parasit., 93:335-350.


02出典:
Nockler K., Reiter-Owona I., Heidrich J., Protz D., Rehmet S., Sinn G. and Ammon A.(2001) Aspects of clinical features, diagnosis, notification and tracing back referring toTrichinella outbreaks in north Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, 1998. Parasite., 8(2S):S183-185.


02出典:
Nockler K. and Kolb H. (2000) Untersuchungen zur Uberlebensfahigkeit von Trichinellaspiralis Muskellarven in Mettwurst (Survival of Trichinella spiralis in raw sausageproduction). Fleischwirtschaft., 80:102-105.


02出典:
Nockler K., Voigt W.P., Protz D., Miko A. and Ziedler K., (1995) Intravitale Diagnostikder Trichinellose beim Schwein mit dem indirekten ELISA (Indirect ELISA for thediagnosis of trichinellosis in living pigs). Berl. Munch. Tierarztl. Wschr., 108:167-174.


02出典:
Odelram, H. (1973) A trichinosis epidemic. Scand. J. Infect. Dis., 5:293-298.


02出典:
Oivanen L., Kapel C.M.O., Pozio E., La Rosa G., Mikkonen T. and Sukura A. (2002)Associations between Trichinella species and host species in Finland. J. of Parasit.,88:84-88.


02出典:
Oivanen L. and Oksanen A. (1994) Trichinellosis in domestic swine and wildlife inFinland. In: Trichinellosis, Campbell W.C., Pozio E., Bruschi F. (Eds.). ISS Press, Rome,Italy, pp. 569-574.


02出典:
Olsen B.S., Villella J.B. and Gould S.E. (1964) Contribution of Trichinella Spiralis inmuscles of experimentally infected swine. J. Parasit., 50:489-95.


02出典:
Perez-Martin J.E., Serrano F.J., Reina D., Mora J.A. and Navarrete I. (2000) Sylvatictrichinellosis in Southwestern Spain. J. Wild. Dis., 36:531-4.


02出典:
Pozio E., Christensson D., Steen M., Marucci G., La Rosa G., Brojer C., Morner T.,Uhlhorn H., Agren E. and Hall M. (2004) Trichinella pseudospiralis foci in Sweden. Ve.Parasit., 125:335-42.


02出典:
Pozio E., Goffredo M., Fico R. and La Rosa G. (1999) Trichinella pseudospiralis insedentary night-birds of prey from Central Italy. J Parasit., 85:759-61.


02出典:
Pozio E. (2001) New patterns of Trichinella infections. Vet. Parasit., 98:133-148.


02出典:
Pozio E. (2005) The broad spectrum of Trichinella hosts: From cold- to warm-bloodedanimals. Vet. Parasit., (in press).


02出典:
Pozio E., La Rosa G. and Gomez Morales M.A. (2001) Epidemiology of human andanimal trichinellosis in Italy since its discovery in 1887. Parasi, 8:S106-S108.


02出典:
Pozio E., Varese P., Gomez Morales M.A., Croppo G.P., Pelliccia D. and Bruschi F.(1993) Comparison of human trichinellosis caused by Trichinella spiralis and byTrichinella britovi. Amer. J.Trop. Med. and Hyg., 48:568-575.


02出典:
Pozio, E., Sofronic-Milosavljevic, L., Morales, M.A.G., Boireau, P. and Nockler, K.,(2002) Evaluation of ELISA and Western Blot Analysis using three antigens to detectanti-Trichinella IgG in horses. Vet. Parasit., 108.


02出典:
Rafter P., Marucci G., Brangan P. and Pozio E. (2004) Rediscovery of Trichinellaspiralis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Ireland after thirty years of oblivion. J. of Infect.Dis. (in press).


02出典:
Ramisz, A., Szymborski, J. and Balicka-Ramisz, A. (2001) Epidemiological studies onTrichinellosis among swine, wild boars and humans in Poland. Parasite, 8 S90-1.


02出典:
Ringertz, O., Landback, H. and Zetterberg, B., (1962) Trichinosis in Sweden in 1961.Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. 54:351.


02出典:
Rockiene, A. (1996) Trichinellosis in Lithuania. Second Nordic-Baltic Congress onInfectious Diseases "Prevention in Focus", 38-39.


02出典:
Rodriguez de las Parras E., Rodriguez-Ferrer M., Nieto-Martinez J., Ubeira F.M. andGarate-Ormaechea T. (2004) Trichinellosis outbreaks in Spain (1990-2001)] EnfermInfecc Microbiol Clin., 22(2):70-6.


02出典:
Rodriguez-Osorio M., Gomez-Garcia V., Rodriguez-Perez J. and Gomez-Morales M.A.(1990) Seroepidemiological studies on five outbreaks of trichinellosis in southern Spain.Ann Trop Med Parasitol., 84(2):181-4.


02出典:
Roneus, O., (1983) Report of the International Commission: Trichinellosis in Sweden.Wiad. Parazytol. 29:637-638.


02出典:
Schoffel I., Schein E., Wittstadt U. and Hentsche J. (1991) Parasite fauna of red foxes inBerlin (West). Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr., 104:153-7.


02出典:
SCVPH (Scientific Committee for Veterinary Measures relating to Public Health), 2001.Trichinellosis, epidemiology, methods of detection and Trichinella . free pig production.European Comission, Brussels, 47 pp.http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/sc/scv/out47_en.pdf.


02出典:
Semple A.B., Davies J.B.M., Kershaw W.E. and St. Hill C.A. (1954) An outbreak oftrichinosis in Liverpool in 1953. Br. Med. J., 1:1002-1006.


02出典:
Smith G.C., Gangadharan B., Taylor Z., Laurenson M.K., Bradshaw H., Hide G., HughesJ.M., Dinkel A., Romig T. and Craig P.S. (2003) Prevalence of zoonotic importantparasites in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Great Britain. Vet. Parasit., 118:133-42.


02出典:
Sotiraki S.T., Athanasiou L.V., Himonas C.A., Kontos V.J. and Kyriopoulos I. (2001)Trichinellosis in Greece: a review. Parasite, 8(2S):S83-S85.


02出典:
Soule C., Dupouy-Camet,J., Georges P., Ancelle T., Gillet J.P., Vaissaire J., Delvigne A.and Plateau E., (1989) Experimental trichinellosis in horses: Biological andparasitological evaluation. Vet. Parasit., 31:19-36.


02出典:
Sreter T., Szell Z., Marucci G., Pozio E. and Varga I. (2003) Extraintestinal nematodeinfections of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Hungary. Vet. Parasit., 115:329-34.


02出典:
Stein H.A. (1983) Trichinose-Erkrankungen im Bitburger Raum (Eifel). Aus der Sichtder Humanmediziner des offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes. Off. Gesundh.-Wes. 45:532-533.


02出典:
Stojcevic D., Zivicnjak T., Marinculic A., Marucci G., Andelko G., Brstilo M., Pavo L.and Pozio E. (2004) The epidemiological investigation of Trichinella infection in brownrats (Rattus norvegicus) and domestic pigs in Croatia suggests that rats are not a reservoirat the farm level. J. Parasit., 90:666-670.


02出典:
Teuber J., Brehm H. and Stumpf J. (1979). Zur Diagnostik der Trichinellosen unterbesonderer Berucksichtigung eines modifizierten Immunfluoreszenztests. Immunitat undInfektion 6:213-221.


02出典:
Thiess A., Schuster R., Nockler K. and Mix H. (2001) Helminth findings in indigenousraccoon dogs Nyctereutes procyonoides (Gray, 1843). Berl Munch TierarztlWochenschr., 114:273-6.


02出典:
Trichiporse EU contract (QLRT-2000-01156), and NAS extension with Lithuanianpartner (01 02 2003) http://www.vet-alfort.fr/bipar/niveau3/Trichiporse.htm


02出典:
van der Giessen J.W.B., Rombout Y., van der Veen A. and Pozio E. (2001) Diagnosisand epidemiology of Trichinella infections in wildlife in the Netherlands. Parasite,8:S103-S105.


02出典:
van der Giessen J.W, Rombout Y, Franchimont H.J., La Rosa G. and Pozio E. (1998)Trichinella britovi in foxes in The Netherlands. J. Parasit., 84:1065-8.


02出典:
Verkammen F., Vervaeke M., Dorny P., Brandt J., Brochier B., Geerts S. and VerhagenR.(2002) Survey for Trichinella spp. in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Belgium. VetParasitol., 103:83-8.


02出典:
Vieira R.A. (1983) Trichinellosis infection in Portugal. Wiad. Parazytol., 29:627-633.


02出典:
Viksna L., Keiss J., Sondore V. and Rozentale B. (2002) Trichinellosis in Latvia: how bigis the problem? Proceeding of International Conference "Animals. Health. Food Quality",Jelgava, Latvia, 303-306.


02出典:
Webster P., Malakauskas A. and Kapel C.M. (2002) Infectivity of Trichinella papuae forexperimentally infected red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Vet. Parasit.,105(3):215-8.


02出典:
Webster P. (2003) Infection biology of Trichinella . with special emphasis on verticaltransmission and the intestinal stage. PhD Thesis, Danish Centre for ExperimentalParasitology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University. Copenhagen, Denmark.


02出典:
Westergaard J.M. (1996) Attitude of the European Community to vaccines. Acta VetScand Suppl., 90:73-81.


02出典:
Yepez-Mulia L., Arriaga C., Viveros N., Adame A., Benitez E. and Ortega-Pierres M.G.,(1999) Detection of Trichinella infection in slaughter horses by ELISA and western blotanalysis. Vet. Parasit., 81:57-68.


02出典:
Yera H., Andiva S., Perret C., Limonne D., Boireau P. and Dupouy-Camet J. (2003)Development and evaluation of a Western blot kit for diagnosis of human trichinellosis.Clin Diagn Lab Immunol., 10(5):793-6.


02出典:
FAO/WHO [Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization] (in press). Risk assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood’s.


02出典:
FDA [US Food and Drug Administration]. 2001. Draft Risk Assessment on the Public Health Impacts of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Raw Molluscan Shellfish. Washington, DC: U.S. Foodand Drug Administration.


02出典:
Buchanan, R.L., Whiting, R.C. & Damert, W.C. 1997. When is simple good enough: A comparison of the Gompertz, Baranyi, and three-phase linear models for fitting bacterial growth curves. Food Microbiology, 14: 313.326.


02出典:
Buchanan, R.L., Damert, W.G., Whiting, R.C. & van Schothorst, M. 1997. The use ofepidemiological and food survey data to estimate a purposefully conservative doseresponserelationship for Listeria monocytogenes levels and incidence of listeriosis.Journal of Food Protection, 60: 918.922.


02出典:
Cook, D.W. 1997a. Refrigeration of oyster shellstock: conditions which minimize the outgrowth of Vibrio vulnificus. Journal of Food Protection, 60: 349.352.


02出典:
Cook, D.W. 1997b. Survey of oysters at first dealer level to assess the effect of the Interstate ShellfishSanitation Conference's Interim Control Plan to reduce Vibrio vulnificus in oystersintended for raw consumption. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.


02出典:
Cook, D.W., O'Leary, P., Hunsucker, J.C., Sloan, E.M., Bowers, J.C., Blodgett, R.J. & DePaola, A.2002. Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in U.S. retail shell oysters: Anational survey June 1998 to July 1999. Journal of Food Protection, 65: 79.87.


02出典:
Crump, K.S. 1998. On summarizing group exposures in risk assessment: Is an arithmetic mean or geometric mean more appropriate? Risk Analysis, 18: 293.297.


02出典:
DePaola, A., Nordstrom, J.L., Dalsgaard, A., Forslund, A., Oliver, J.D., Bates, T., Bourdade, K.L. & Gulig, P.A. 2003. Analysis of Vibrio vulnificus from market oysters and septicaemiacases for virulence markers. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69: 4006.4011.


02出典:
Desenclos, J.A., Klontz, K.C., Wolfe, L.E. & Hoecheri, S. 1991. The risk of Vibrio illness in the Florida raw oyster eating population, 1981.1988. American Journal of Epidemiology,134: 290.297.


02出典:
Hlady, W.G. 1997. Vibrio infections associated with raw oyster consumption in Florida, 1981.1994.　Journal of Food Protection, 60: 353.357.


02出典:
Hlady, W.G. & Klontz, K.C. 1996. The epidemiology of Vibrio infections in Florida, 1981.1993.　Journal of Infectious Diseases, 173: 1176.1183.


02出典:
Jackson, J.K., Murphree, R.L. & Tamplin, M.L. 1997. Evidence that mortality from Vibrio vulnificus　infection results from single strains among heterogeneous populations in shellfish.Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 35: 2098.2101.


02出典:
Klontz, K.C. 1997. Estimated number of persons at increased risk for Vibrio vulnificus septicaemia:　Memorandum to Phillip C. Spiller, Director of FDA Office of Seafood. Added to this　publication as Appendix E.


02出典:
McCoubrey, D.J. 1996. Risk of Vibrio vulnificus infection following consumption of rawcommercially harvested North Island oysters. MPH Thesis. The University of Auckland,New Zealand. 86 p.


02出典:
Mead, P.S., Slutsker, L., Dietz, V., McGaig, L.F., Bresee, J.S., Shapiro, C., Griffin, P.M. & Tauxe,　R.V. 1999. Food-related illness and death in the United States. Emerging InfectiousDiseases, 5: 607.625.


02出典:
Motes, M.L., DePaola, A., Cook, D.W., Veazey, J.E., Hunsucker, J.C., Garthright, W.E., Blodgett, R.J.　& Chirtel, S.J. 1998. Influence of water temperature and salinity on Vibrio vulnificus in　northern Gulf and Atlantic Coast oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Applied andEnvironmental Microbiology, 64: 1459.1465.


02出典:
Nilsson, W.B., Paranjpye, R.N., DePaola, A. & Strom, M.S. 2003. Sequence polymorphism of the　16S rRNA gene of Vibrio vulnificus is a possible indicator of strain virulence. Journal ofClinical Microbiology, 41: 442.446.


02出典:
NMFS [National Marine Fisheries Service]. 1998. Data for Fisheries of the United States 1990.1998.　Downloaded from: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/


02出典:
NOAA [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]. 1999. National Climatic Data Center.Data obtained through http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/ncdc.html.


02出典:
NERRS [National Estuarine Research Reserve System]. 2001. Weeks Bay, AL, temperature data. Data　obtained through http://www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/welcome.html.


02出典:
Scientific Committee on Veterinary Measures Relating to Public Health. 2001. Opinion of theScientific Committee on Veterinary Measures Relating to Public Health on Vibriovulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (in raw and undercooked seafood) (adopted on19.20 September 2001). European Commission, Health & Consumer ProtectionDirectorate-General, Directorate C - Scientific Opinions. 64 pp.


02出典:
Shapiro, R.L., Altekruse, S., Hutwagner, S., Bishop, R., Hammond, R., Wilson, S., Ray, B.,Thompson, S., Tauxe, R.V., Griffin, P.M. & Vibrio working group. 1998. The role ofGulf Coast oysters harvested in warmer months in Vibrio vulnificus infections in theUnited States, 1988.1996. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 178: 752.759.


02出典:
Strom, M.S. & Paranjpye, R.N. 2000. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of Vibrio vulnificus. Microbes　and Infection, 2: 177.188.


02出典:
Tamplin, M.L. 1994. The seasonal occurrence of Vibrio vulnificus in shellfish, seawater, andsediment in United States coastal waters. Final report to Salstonstall-Kennedy GrantProgram, US Department of Commerce.


02出典:
Ama, A.A., Hamdy, M.K. & Toledo, R.T. 1994. Effects of heating, pH and thermoradiation oninactivation of Vibrio vulnificus. Food Microbiology, 11: 215.227.


02出典:
Berlin, D.L., Herson, D.S., Hicks, D.T. & Hoover, D.G. 1999. Response of pathogenic Vibrio species　to high hydrostatic pressure. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65: 2776.2780.


02出典:
Bisharat, N. & Raz, R. 1997. Vibrio infection in Israel due to changes in fish marketing. Lancet,　348: 1585.1586.


02出典:
Bisharat, N., Agmon, V., Finkelstein, R., Raz, R., Ben-Dror, G., Lemer, L., Soboh, S., Colodner, R.,　Cameron, D.N., Wykstra, D.L., Swerdlow, D.L. & Farmer III, J.J. 1999. Clinical,　epidemiological, and microbiological features of Vibrio vulnificus biogroup 3 causingoutbreaks of wound infection and bacteraemia in Israel. Lancet, 354: 1424.


02出典:
Bryan, P.J., Steffan, R.J., DePaola, A., Foster, J.W. & Bej, A.K. 1999. Adaptive response to cold　temperatures in Vibrio vulnificus. Current Microbiology, 38: 168.175.


02出典:
Buchanan, R.L., Whiting, R.C. & Damert, W.C. 1997a. When is simple good enough: A comparison　of the Gompertz, Baranyi, and three-phase linear models for fitting bacterial growth　curves. Food Microbiology, 14: 313.326.


02出典:
Buchanan, R.L., Damert, W.G., Whiting, R.C. & Van Schothorst, M. 1997. Use of epidemiological　and food survey data to estimate a purposefully conservative dose-response relationship　for Listeria monocytogenes levels and incidence of Listeriosis. Journal of FoodProtection, 60: 918.922.


02出典:
CAC [Codex Alimentarius Commission]. 2000. Report of the 33rd Session of the Codex Committee　on Food Hygiene. Washington, DC, 23.28 October 2000.


02出典:
Chuang, Y.C., Yuan, C.Y., Liu, C.Y., Lan, C.K. & Huang, A.H. 1992. Vibrio vulnificus infection in　Taiwan: report of 28 cases and review of clinical manifestations and treatment. Clinical　Infectious Diseases, 15: 271.276.


02出典:
Cook, D.W. 1994. Effect of time and temperature on multiplication of Vibrio vulnificus in postharvest　Gulf coast shellstock oysters. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 60: 3483.3484.


02出典:
Cook, D.W. 1997a. Refrigeration of oyster shellstock: conditions which minimize the outgrowth of　Vibrio vulnificus. Journal of Food Protection, 60: 349.352.


02出典:
Cook, D.W. 1997b. Survey of oysters at first dealer level to assess the effect of the Interstate Shellfish　Sanitation Conference's Interim Control Plan to reduce Vibrio vulnificus in oystersintended for raw consumption. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.


02出典:
Cook, D.W. & Ruple, A.D. 1992. Cold storage and mild heat treatment as processing aids to reduce　the numbers of Vibrio vulnificus in raw oysters. Journal of Food Protection,55: 985.989.


02出典:
Cook, D.W., O'Leary, P., Hunsucker, J.C., Sloan, E.M., Bowers, J.C., Blodgett, R.J. & DePaola, A.　2002. Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in U.S. retail shell oysters: Anational survey June 1998 to July 1999. Journal of Food Protection, 65: 79.87.


02出典:
Crump, K.S. 1998. On summarizing group exposures in risk assessment: is an arithmetic mean or a　geometric mean more appropriate? Risk Analysis, 18(3): 293.297.


02出典:
Degner, R.L. & Petrone, C. 1994. Consumer and restaurant manager reaction to depurated oysters and　clams. Report to the Levy County Board of County Commissioners by the Florida　Agricultural Market Research Center, University of Florida.


02出典:
DePaola, A., Capers, G.M. & Alexander, D. 1994. Densities of Vibrio vulnificus in the intestines of　fish from the U.S. Gulf Coast. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 60: 984.988.


02出典:
DePaola, A., Motes, M.L., Cook, D.W., Veazey, J., Garthright, W.E. & Blodgett, R. 1997. Evaluation　of alkaline phosphatase-labeled DNA probe for enumeration of Vibrio vulnificus in Gulf　Coast oysters. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 29: 115.120.


02出典:
DePaola, A., Nordstrom, J.L., Dalsgaard, A., Forslund, A., Oliver, J.D., Bates, T., Bourdade, K.L. &　Gulig, P.A. 2003. Analysis of Vibrio vulnificus from market oysters and septicemia cases　for virulence markers. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69: 4006.4011.


02出典:
Desenclos, J.A., Klontz, K.C., Wolfe, L.E. & Hoecheri, S. 1991. The risk of Vibrio illness in the　Florida raw oyster eating population, 1981.1988. American Journal of Epidemiology,134: 290.297.


02出典:
DHHS [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services]. 1999. National Shellfish SanitationProgram Guide for the Control of Molluscan Shellfish. Washington, DC: U.S.Department of Health and Human Services.


02出典:
FAO/WHO [Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization] (in　press). Risk assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood’s.


02出典:
FDA [U.S. Food and Drug Administration]. 2001. Draft Risk Assessment on the Public HealthImpacts of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Raw Molluscan Shellfish, Washington, DC: U.S.Food and Drug Administration.


02出典:
Flattery, J. & Bashin B. 2004. A baseline survey of raw oyster consumers in four states, Interstate　Shellfish Sanitation Conference (See:http://issc.org/Vibrio_vulnificus_Education/Baseline%20Survey.pdf).


02出典:
Harris-Young, L., Tamplin, M.L., Fisher, W.S. & Mason, J.W. 1993. Effects of physicochemical　factors and bacterial colony morphotype on association of Vibrio vulnificus with　hemocytes of Crassostrea virginica. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,59: 1012.1017.


02出典:
Hlady, G. 1994. Risk assessment and current data: Florida risk assessment and factors associated with　risk. pp. 27.33, in: W. Watkins and S. McCarthy (eds). Proceedings of the 1994 Vibrio　vulnificus Workshop. DHHS/FDA/CFSAN, Office of Seafood, Washington, DC, USA.


02出典:
Hlady, W.G. & Klontz, K.C. 1996. The Epidemiology of Vibrio Infections in Florida, 1983. 1993.　Journal of Infectious Diseases, 173: 1176.1180.


02出典:
Hlady, W.G., Mullen, R.C. & Hopkin, R.S. 1993. Vibrio vulnificus from raw oysters. Leading cause　of reported deaths from foodborne illness in Florida. Journal of the Florida MedicalAssociation, 80: 536.538.


02出典:
Johnson, D.E., Calia, F.M., Musher, D.M. & Goree, A. 1984. Resistance of Vibrio vulnificus to serum　bactericidal and opsonizing factors: relation to virulence in suckling mice and humans.　Journal of Infectious Diseases, 150: 413.418.


02出典:
Kaspar, C.W. & Tamplin, M.L. 1993. Effects of temperature and salinity on the survival of Vibrio　vulnificus in seawater and shellfish. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,59: 2425.2429.


02出典:
Kaysner, C.A., Abeyta, C.J.R., Wekell, M.M., DePaola, A., Stott, R.F. & Leitch, J.M. 1987. Virulent　strains of Vibrio vulnificus isolated from estuaries of the United States West coast.Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 53: 1349.1351.


02出典:
Kelly, M.T. 1982. Effect of temperature and salinity on Vibrio (Beneckea) vulnificus occurrence in a　Gulf coast environment. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 44: 820.824.


02出典:
Kim, M.S. & Jeong, H.D. 2001. Development of 16S rRNA targeted PCR methods for the detection　and differentiation of Vibrio vulnificus in marine environments. Aquaculture,193: 199.211.


02出典:
Klontz, K.C. 1997. Estimated number of persons at increased risk for Vibrio vulnificus septicemia:　Memorandum to Phillip C. Spiller, Director of FDA Office of Seafood. Document isattached here as Appendix E.


02出典:
Klontz, K.C., Timbo, B., Fein, S. & Levy, A. 1995. Prevalence of selected food consumption and　preparation behaviors associated with increased risks of food-borne disease. Journal ofFood Protection, 58: 927.930.


02出典:
Koo, J., Marshall, D.L. & DePaola, A. 2001. Antacid increases survival of Vibrio vulnificus andVibrio vulnificus phage in a gastrointestinal model. Applied and EnvironmentalMicrobiology, 67: 2895.2902.


02出典:
McCullagh, P. & Nelder, J.A. 1989. Generalized linear models. Monographs on Statistics andApplied Probability, vol. 37. London: Chapman and Hall.


02出典:
Morris, J.G., Wright, A.C., Simpson, L.M., Wood, P.K., Johnson, D.E. & Oliver, J.D. 1987. Virulence　of Vibrio vulnificus: association with utilization of transferrin-bound iron, and lack of　correlation with levels of cytotoxin or protease production. FEMS Microbiology Letters,40: 55.59.


02出典:
Motes, M.L. & DePaola, A. 1996. Offshore suspension relaying to reduce levels of Vibrio vulnificus in　oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Applied and Environmental Microbiology,62: 3875.3877.


02出典:
Motes, M.L., DePaola, A., Cook, D.W., Veazey, J.E., Hunsucker, J.C., Garthright, W.E., Blodgett, R.J.　& Chirtel, S.J. 1998. Influence of water temperature and salinity on Vibrio vulnificus in northern Gulf and Atlantic Coast oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Applied andEnvironmental Microbiology, 64: 1459.1465.


02出典:
NMFS [National Marine Fisheries Service]. 1998. Fisheries of the United States 1990.1998. Data downloaded from: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/


02出典:
NOAA [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]. Various dates. National Climatic Data Center, Data downloaded from http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/ncdc.html.


02出典:
NERRS [National Estuarine Research Reserve System]. 2001. Weeks Bay, AL temperature data.. See: http://www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/welcome.html.:


02出典:
Nilsson, L., Oliver, J.D. & Kjelleberg, S. 1991. Resuscitation of Vibrio vulnificus from the viable but nonculturable state. Journal of Bacteriology, 173: 5054.5059.


02出典:
Nilsson, W.B., Paranjpye, R.N., DePaola, A. & Strom, M.S. 2003. Sequence polymorphism of the 16S rRNA gene of Vibrio vulnificus is a possible indicator of strain virulence. Journal ofClinical Microbiology, 41: 442.446.


02出典:
Oliver, J.D. 1989. Vibrio vulnificus. pp. 569.600, in: M.P. Doyle (ed). Foodborne bacterialpathogens. New York, USA: Marcel Dekker, Inc.


02出典:
Oliver, J.D. 1995. The viable but non-culturable state in the human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 133: 203.208.


02出典:
Oliver, J.D., Warner, R.A. & Cleland, D.R. 1982. Distribution and ecology of Vibrio vulnificus and other lactose-fermenting marine vibrios in coastal waters of the Southeastern UnitedStates. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 44: 1404.1414.


02出典:
O'Neill, K.R., Jones, S.H. & Grimes, D.J. 1992. Seasonal incidence of Vibrio vulnificus in the Great Bay estuary of New Hampshire and Maine. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,58: 3257.3262.


02出典:
Oonaka, K., Furuhata, K., Iguchi, K., Hara, M. & Fukuyama, M. 2002. [Basic studies on Vibrio vulnificus infection: isolation of V. vulnificus from sea water, sea mud, and oysters (inJapanese)]. Kansenshogaku Zasshi, 76: 528.535.


02出典:
Ono, M., Inoue, Y. & Yokoyama, M. 2001. [A cluster of V. vulnificus infection in KumamotoPrefecture (in Japanese)]. Infectious Agents Surveillance Reports, No. 22.


02出典:
Park, S.D., Shon, H.S. & Joh, N.J. 1991. Vibrio vulnificus septicemia in Korea: clinical andepidemiologic findings in seventy patients. Journal of the American Academy ofDermatology, 24: 397.403.


02出典:
Parvathi A, Kumar, H.S., Karunasagar, I. & Karunasagar, I. 2004. Detection and enumeration of Vibrio vulnificus in oysters from two estuaries along the South West Coast of India,using molecular methods. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70(11): 6909.6913.


02出典:
Poole, M.D. & Oliver, J.D. 1978. Experimental pathogenicity and mortality in ligated ileal loop studies of newly reported halophilic lactose-positive Vibrio sp. Infection and Immunity, 20: 126-129.


02出典:
Reyes, A.L., Johnson, C.H., Spalding, P.B. & Stelma, G.N. Jr. 1987. Oral infectivity of Vibriovulnificus in suckling mice. Journal of Food Protection, 50: 1013.1016.


02出典:
Rose, J.B., Huq, A. & Lipp, E.K. (eds). 1999. Health, climate and infectious disease: A globalperspective. A report from American Academy of Microbiology, based on an American Academy of Microbiology colloquium, Tucson, Arizona, USA, 15.17 October 1999.See: http://www.asm.org/Academy/index.asp?bid = 2162


02出典:
Ruple, A.D. & Cook, D.W. 1992. Vibrio vulnificus and indicator bacteria in shellstock andcommercially processed oysters from the Gulf coast. Journal of Food Protection,59: 667.671.


02出典:
Shapiro, R.L., Altekruse, S., Hutwagner, S., Bishop, R., Hammond, R., Wilson, S., Ray, B., Thompson, S., Tauxe, R.V., Griffin, P.M. & Vibrio working group. 1998. The role of Gulf Coast oysters harvested in warmer months in Vibrio vulnificus infections in the United States,1988.1996. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 178: 752.759.


02出典:
Stelma, G.N. Jr., Reyes, A.L., Peeler, J.T., Johnson, C.H. & Spaulding, P.L. 1992. Virulencecharacteristics of clinical and environmental isolates of Vibrio vulnificus. Applied andEnvironmental Microbiology, 58: 2776.2782.


02出典:
Dillon, R.M., and Patel, T.R. 1992. Listeria in Seafoods. J. Food Protection 55:1009-1015.


02出典:
Farber, J. M. and Peterkin, P. I. 1991. Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen. Microbiological Reviews 55(3):476-511.


02出典:
Fuchs, R. S. and Reilly,. 1992. The incidence and significance of Listeria monocytogenes in seafoods. Quality Assurance in the Fish Industry, eds. H.H.Huss et al. 217-229


02出典:
Heinitz, M. L. and Johnson, J. M. 1998. The incidence of Listeria spp., and Clostridium botulinism in smoked fish and shellfish. J. Food Protection 61(3):318-323


02出典:
Ryser, E.T. and Marth, E.H. (eds.). 1999. Listeria, Listeriosis, and Food Safety, 2nd ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., N.Y. 630 pp.


02出典:
Weagent, S.D., Sado, P.N., Colburn, K.G., Torkelson, J.D., Stanley, F.A., Krane, S.H., Shields, S.C., and Thayer, T.F. 1988. The incidence of Listeria species and in frozen seafood products. J. Food Protection 51:655-7.


02出典:
Beckers, H.J., Soentoro, P.S.S., and Delfgoti-van A. 1987. The occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in soft cheeses and raw milk and its resistance to heat. International Journal of Food Microbiology 4:249-256.


02出典:
Cantoni, C., Valenti, M., and Comi, G. 1988. Listeria in formaggi e in salumi, Industrie Alimentari XXVII.(Ottobre):859-861.


02出典:
Casarotti, V. T., Gallo, C. R., Camargo, R., 1994. Occorrencia de Listeria monoytogenes em leite cru, leite posteurizado tipo C e queijo minas frescal comercializados en Piracicaba - S. P. Archivos LatinoAmericanos De Nurticion.


02出典:
Comi, G. and Cantoni, C. 1988. Alcuni aspetti della presenza di L. monocytogenes dei Formaggi. Industrie Alimentari XXVII(Febbraio)104-108.


02出典:
Comi, G., Cantoni, C., and d'Aubert, S. 1987. Indagine sulla presenza di Listeria monocytogenes nei formaggi. Industrie Alimentari(Marzo):216-218.


02出典:
Coveney, H.M., Fitzgerald, G.F., and Daly C. 1994. A study of the microbiological status of Irish farmhouse cheeses with emphasis on selected pathogenic and spoilage micro-organisms, Journal of Applied Bacteriology 77:621-630.


02出典:
DeBoer, E. and Kuik, D. 1987. A Survey of the Microbiological Quality of Blue-Veined Cheeses. Neth. Milk Dairy J. 41:227-237.


02出典:
Farber, J.M., Johnston, M.A., Purvis, U., and Loit A. 1987. Surveillance of soft and semi-soft cheeses for the presence of Listeria spp. International Journal of Food Microbiology 5:157-163.


02出典:
Gohil, V. S., Ahmed, M. A., Davies, R., and Robinson, R., 1995. Incidence of Listeria spp. in Retail Foods in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Food Protection (January).


02出典:
Greenwood, M.H., Roberts, D., and Burden P. 1991. The occurrence of Listeria species in milk and dairy products; a national survey in England and Wales. Interntl. J. Food Microbiology 12:197-206


02出典:
Klinger, I. And Rosenthal, I. 1997. Public health and the safety of milk and milk products from sheep and goats. Rev. Sci. Tech 16(2):482-484.


02出典:
Loncarevic, S., Danielsson-Tham, M.L., and Tham, W. 1995. Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in soft and semi-soft cheeses in retail outlets in Sweden. International Journal of Food Microbiology 26:245-250.


02出典:
Pini, P. N., and Gilbert, R. J. 1988. A comparison of two procedures for the isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from raw chickens and soft cheeses. International Journal of Food Microbiology.


02出典:
Pini, P. N. and Gilbert, R. J. 1987. The occurrence in the U.K. of Listeria species in raw chickens and soft cheeses. International Journal of Food Microbiology 6:317-326.


02出典:
Pinto, B. and Reali, D. 1996. Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listerias in Italian-make soft cheeses. Department of Public Health and Biostatistics, University of Pisa-Italy.


02出典:
Rodler, M. and Korbler, W. 1989. Examination of Listeria monocytogenes in milk products, Acta Microbiologica Hungarica 36(2-3):259-261.


02出典:
Sanchez-Rey, R., Poullet, B., Caceres, P., and Larriba, G. 1993. Microbiological Quality and Incidence of Some Pathogenic Microorganisms in La Serena Cheese Throughout Ripening. Journal of Food Protection, 56(10):879-881.


02出典:
Tonge, R., Utzinger, D., and Arias, L.M. 1994. Incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in pasteurized ice cream and soft cheese in Costa Rica, 1992 Rev. Biol. Trop. 42(1/2):327-328.


02出典:
Weber, V. A., Baumann, C., Potel, J., and Friess, H. 1988. Nachweis van Listeria monocytogenes und Listeria innocua in Kase. Berl, Munch, Tierarztl. Wschr.


02出典:
Albrecht, J., Hamouz, F., Sumner, S., and Melch, V. 1994. Microbial Evaluation of Vegetable Ingredients in Salad Bars. Journal of Food Protection 58:683-685.


02出典:
Allerberger, F., and Guggenbichler, J. P., Listeriosis in Austria: Report of an Outbreak in 1986. Acta Microbiologica Hungarica (1989).


02出典:
Bendig, J.W.A. and Strangeways, J.E.M. 1989. Listeria in Hospital Lettuce, The Lancet (March 18):616-617.


02出典:
Beuchat, L.R., Berrang, M.E., and Brackett, R.E. 1990. Presence and public health implicaitons of Listeria monocytogenes on vegetables. Foodborne Listeriosis, Chapter 25, 175-181.


02出典:
Bibi, A. and Bari A. 1992. Incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in Frozen and Refrigerated Vegetables Under Pakistan Conditions, Pakistan J. Zool. 24(3):231-233.


02出典:
Breer, C. and Schopfer, K. 1989. Listerien in Nahrungsmitteln. Schweiz med. Wschr.


02出典:
Caserio, G., 1989. Listeria in carni, pesce, pollame, poste farcite e vegetali. Industrie Alimentari.


02出典:
Farber, J.M., Sanders, G.W., and Johnston, M.A. 1989. A Survey of Various Foods for the Presence of Listeria species. Journal of Food Protection 52(7):456-458.


02出典:
Hagenmaier, R.D., and Baker, R. 1997. A Survey of the Microbial Population and Ethanol Content of Bagged Salad. Journal of Food Protection 61(3):357-359.


02出典:
Hao, D. Y. Y., Reuchat, L. R., and Brackett, R. E. 1987. Comparison of Media and Methods of Detecting and Enumerating Listeria monocytogenes in Refrigerated Cabbage. Applied and Environmental Microbiology (May).


02出典:
Heisick, J.E., Wagner, D.E., Nierman, M.L., and Peeler, J.T. 1989. Listeria spp. Found on Fresh Market Produce. Applied and Environmental Microbiology (Aug.):1925-1927.


02出典:
Ho, J.L., Shands, K.N., Friedland, G., Eckind, P., and Fraser, D.W. 1986. An Outbreak of Type 4b Listeria monocytogenes Infection Involving Patients from Eight Boston Hospitals, Arch Intern Med. 146(March):520-524.


02出典:
Kerr, K.G, Dealer, S.F., and Lacey, R.W. 1988, Materno-Fetal Listeriosis from Cook-Chill and Refrigerated Food, The Lancet, November 12, 1988, 1133.


02出典:
Lopez Osornio, M.M. and Chaves, A.R. 1997. Enhancement of Shelf Life of Grated Beetroots. Journal of Food Protection 60(10):1230-1234.


02出典:
Magnuson, J.A., King, Jr., A.D., and Torok, T. 1990. Microflora of Partially Processed Lettuce. Applied and Environmental Microbiology (Dec.):3851-3854.


02出典:
Marranzano, M., Pitrolo, S., Vicari, O., and Fallico, R. 1996. Presenza di Listeria spp. in ortaggi. 1st Di Igiene e Medicina preventiva, Universita di Catania


02出典:
Monge, R. and Arias M.L. 1996. Presencia de microorganismos patengenos en hortalizas de consumo crudo en Costa Rica. Archivos LatinoAmericanos de Nutrition 46(4):292-294.


02出典:
Petran, R. L., Zottola, E. A., and Garvani, R. B. 1988. Incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in Market Samples of Fresh and Frozen Vegetables. Journal of Food Science. 1988.


02出典:
Ryser, E.T. and Marth, E.H. 1991. Listeria, Listeriosis, and Food Safety, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded


02出典:
Sizmur, K. and Walker, C.W. 1988. Listeria in Prepacked Salads. The Lancet (May 21):1167.


02出典:
Steinbruegge, E. G., Maxcy, R. B., and Liewen, M. B. 1988. Fate of Listeria monocytogenes on Ready to Serve Lettuce. Journal of Food Protection (August).


02出典:
Tang, M.Y., Cheong, Y.M., and Zainuldin, T. 1994. Incidence of Listeria spp. In Vegetables in Kuala Lumpur. Med. J. Malaysia 49(3):217-222.


02出典:
Tiwari, N.P. and Aldenrath, S.G. 1989. Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from Food Products on Four Selective Plating Media. Journal of Food Protection 53(5):382-385.


02出典:
Velani, S. and Roberts D. Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. in prepacked mixed salads and individual salad ingredients. PHLS Microbiology Digest 8(1):21-22.


02出典:
Allerberger, F., and J.P. Guggenbichler. 1989. Listeriosis in Austria?report of an outbreak in 1986. Acta Microbiol Hung 36(2-3):149-152.


02出典:
Art, D., and P. Andre. 1991. Clinical and epidemiological aspects of listeriosis in Belgium, 1985-1990. Zentralbl Bakteriol. 275(4):549-556.


02出典:
Arumugaswamy, R.K., G.R.R. Ali, and S.N.B. AbdHamid. 1994. Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in food in Malaysia. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 23:117-121.


02出典:
Australian Food Council. 1998. Submission to ANZA: Guidelines for the recall of ready-to-eat foods found to contain Listeria monocytogenes. [Online] Last Edited: February 27, 1999.


02出典:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1992. Update: Foodborne listeriosis?United States, 1988-90. MMWR. 41(15):251, 257-258.


02出典:
de Simon, M., and M.D. Ferrer. 1998. Initial numbers, serovars and phagevars of Listeria monocytogenes isolated in prepared foods in the city of Barcelona (Spain). Int. J. Food Microbiol. 44(1-2):141-144.


02出典:
Farber, J.M., and J. Z. Losos. 1988. Listeria monocytogenes: a foodborne pathogen. CMAJ. 138(5):413-418.


02出典:
Farber, J.M., G.W. Sanders, and M.A. Johnston. 1989. A survey of various foods for the presence of Listeria species. J. Food Prot. 52(7):456-458.


02出典:
Farber, J.M., and P.I. Peterkin. 1991a. Listeria monocytogenes, a food-borne pathogen. Microbiol. Rev. 55(3):476-511.


02出典:
Farber, J.M. 1991b. Listeria monocytogenes. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 74(4):701-704.


02出典:
Harvey, J., and A. Gilmour. 1993. Occurrence and characteristics of Listeria in foods produced in Northern Ireland. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 19(3):193-205.


02出典:
Iida, T., M. Kanzaki, A. Nakama, Y. Kokubo, T. Maruyama, and C. Kaneuchi. 1998. Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in humans, animals and foods. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 60(12):1341-1343.


02出典:
Mascola, L., L. Lieb, J. Chiu, S.L. Fannin, M.J. Linnan. 1988. Listeriosis: an uncommon opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A report of five cases and a review of the literature. Am. J. Med. 84(1):162-164.


02出典:
McLauchlin, J. 1996. The relationship between Listeria and listeriosis. Food Control. 7(4/5):187-193.


02出典:
Pinner, R.W., A. Schuchat, B. Swaminathan, P.S. Hayes, K.A. Deaver, R.E. Weaver, B.D. Plikaytis, M. Reeves, C.V. Broome, J.D. Wenger, and the Listeria Study Group. 1992. Role of foods in sporadic Listeriosis. JAMA. 267(15):2046-2050.


02出典:
Riedo, F.X., R.W. Pinner, M.L. Tosca, M.L. Cartter, L.M. Graves, M.W. Reeves, R.E. Weaver, B.D. Plikaytis, and C.V. Broome. 1994. A point-source foodborne Listeriosis outbreak: documented incubation period and possible mild illness. J. Infect. Dis. 170:693-696.


02出典:
Rocourt, J. 1995. Listeriosis 1985-1995: microbiologic and epidemiologic aspects. Bull. Acad. Natl. Med. 179(8):1613-1624.


02出典:
Rocourt, J., and J. Bille. 1997. Foodborne listeriosis. World Health Stat Q. 50(1-2):67-73.


02出典:
Ryser, E.T., and E.H. Marth. 1989. "New" food-borne pathogens of public health significance. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 89(7):948-954.


02出典:
Ryser, E.T., and E.H. Marth, eds. 1999. Listeria, Listeriosis, and Food Safety. 2nd ed., rev. and expanded. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.


02出典:
Ryu, C.H., S. Igimi, S. Inoue, and S. Kumagai. 1992. The incidence of Listeria species in retail foods in Japan. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 16(2):157-160.


02出典:
Schlech, W.F. 3d. 1991. Lowbury Lecture. Listeriosis: epidemiology, virulence and the significance of contaminated foodstuffs. J. Hosp. Infect. 19(4):211-224.


02出典:
Schuchat, A., B. Swaminathan, and C.V. Broome. 1991. Epidemiology of human listeriosis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 4(2):169-183.


02出典:
Schuchat, A., K. Deaver, J.D. Wenger, B.D. Plikaytis, L. Mascola, R.W. Pinner, A.L. Reingold, C.V. Broome, and the Listeria Study Group. 1992. Role of foods in sporadic listeriosis. JAMA. 267(15):2041-2045.


02出典:
Schwartz, B., D. Hexter, C.V. Broome, A.W. Hightower, R.B. Hirschhorn, J.D. Porter, P.S. Hayes, W.F. Bibb. B. Lorber, and D.G. Faris. 1989. Investigation of an outbreak of listeriosis: new hypotheses for the etiology of epidemic Listeria monocytogenes infections. J. Infect. Dis. 159(4):680-685.


02出典:
Sergelidis, D., A. Abrahim, A. Sarimvei, C. Panoulis, P. Karaioannoglou, and C. Genigeorgis. 1997. Temperature distribution and prevalence of Listeria spp. in domestic, retail and industrial refrigerators in Greece. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 34(2):171-177.


02出典:
Shelef, L.A. 1989. Listeriosis and its transmission by food. Progress in Food and Nutrition Science. 13:363-382.


02出典:
Tappero, J.W., A. Schuchat, K.A. Deaver, L. Mascola, and J.D. Wenger, for the Listeriosis Study Group. 1995. Reduction in the incidence of human listeriosis in the United States. JAMA. 273(14):1118-1122.


02出典:
Wilson, I.G. 1995. Occurrence of Listeria species in ready to eat foods. Epidemiol. Infect. 115(3):519-526.


02出典:
Wong, H.C., W.L. Chao, and S.J. Lee. 1990. Incidence and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in foods available in Taiwan. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56(10):3101-3104.


02出典:
Yang, S., M.G. Leff, D. McTague, K.A. Horvath, J. Jackson-Thompson, T. Murayi, G.K. Boeselager, D.L. Ridings, S.F. Altekruse, and F.J. Angulo. 1998. Multistate Surveillance for Food-Handling, Preparation, and Consumption Behaviors Associated with Foodborne Diseases: 1995 and 1996 BRFSS Food-Safety Questions. In CDC Surveillance Summaries. MMWR. 47(SS-4):33-57.


02出典:
Berrang, M. E., R. E. Brackett, and L. R. Beuchat. 1989. Growth of Listeria monocytogenes on fresh vegetables stored under controlled atmosphere. J. Food Prot. 52:702-705.


02出典:
Beuchat, L. R., and R. E. Brackett. 1990. Inhibitory effects of raw carrots on Listeria monocytogenes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56:1734-1742.


02出典:
Beuchat, L. R., and R. E. Brackett. 1991. Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes inoculated into raw tomatoes and processed tomato products. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57:1367-1371.


02出典:
Beuchat, L. R., and J.-H. Ryu. 1997. Produce handling and processing practices. Emerging Infect. Dis. 3:459-465.


02出典:
Beuchat, L. R. 1998. Surface decontamination of fruits and vegetables eaten raw: a review. WHO report.


02出典:
Farber, J. M., S. L. Wang, Y. Cai, and S. Zhang. 1998a. Changes in populations of Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on packaged fresh-cut vegetables. J. Food Prot. 61:192-195.


02出典:
George, A. E., and P. N. Levett. 1990. Effect of temperature and pH on survival of Listeria monocytogenes in coleslaw. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 11:345-349.


02出典:
Heisick, J. E., D. E. Wagner, M. L. Nierman, and J. T. Peeler. 1989. Listeria spp. Found on fresh market produce. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55:1925-1927.


02出典:
Ho, J. L., K. N. Shands, G. Friedland, P. Eckind, and D. W. Fraser. 1986. An outbreak of type 4b Listeria monocytogenes infection involving patients from eight Boston hospitals. Arch. Intern. Med. 146:520-524.


02出典:
Lin, C.-M., S. Y. Fernando, and C. Wei. 1996. Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and E. coli O157:H7 in vegetable salads. Food Control. 7:135-140.


02出典:
Nguyen-the, C., and F. Carlin. 1994. The microbiology of minimally processed fresh fruits and vegetables. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 34:371-401.


02出典:
Odumeru, J. A., S. J. Mitchell, D. M. Alves, J. A. Lynch, A. J. Yee, S. L. Wang, S. Styliadis, and J. M. Farber. 1997. Assessment of the microbiological quality of ready-to-use vegetables for health-care food services. J. Food Prot. 60:954-960.


02出典:
Petran, R. L., E. A. Zottola, and R. B. Gravani. 1988. Incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in market samples of fresh and frozen vegetables. J. Food Sci. 53:1238-1240.


02出典:
Sado, P. N., K. C. Jinneman, G. J. Husby, S. M. Sorg, and C. J. Omiecinski. 1998. Identification of Listeria monocytogenes from unpasteurized apple juice using rapid test kits. J. Food Prot. 61:1199-1202.


02出典:
Salamina, G., E. Dalle Donne, A. Niccolini, G. Poda, D. Cesaroni, M. Bucci, R. Fini, M. Maldini, A. Schuchat, B. Swaminathan, W. Bibb, J. Rocourt, N. Binkin, and S. Salmaso. 1996. A foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis involving Listeria monocytogenes. Epidemiol. Infect. 117:429-436.


02出典:
Schlech, W. F. 1996. Overview of listeriosis. Food Control. 7:183-186.


02出典:
Simpson, D. M. 1996. Microbiology and epidemiology in foodborne disease outbreaks: the whys and when nots. J. Food Prot. 59:93-95.


02出典:
Sizmur, K., and C. W. Walker. 1988. Listeria in prepacked salads. Lancet. I:1167.


02出典:
Steinbruegge, E. G., R. B. Maxcy, and M. B. Liewen. 1988. Fate of Listeria monocytogenes on ready to serve lettuce. J. Food Prot. 51:596-599.


02出典:
Velani, S., and D. Roberts. 1991. Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp in prepacked mixed salads and individual salad ingredients. PHLS Microbiol. Digest. 8:21-22.


02出典:
Ahrabi, S.S., S. Erguven, and A. Gunlap. 1998. Detection of Listeria in raw and pasteurized milk. Cent Eur J Public Health 6(3):254-255.


02出典:
Bemrah, N., M. Sanaa, M.H. Cassin, M.W. Griffiths, and O. Cerf. 1998. Quantitative risk assessment of human listeriosis from consumption of soft cheese made from raw milk. Prev Vet Med. 37(1-4):129-145.


02出典:
Bradshaw, J.G., J.T. Peeler, J.J. Corwin, et. al. 1985. Thermal resistance of Listeria monocytogenes in milk. J Food Prot. 48:743-745.


02出典:
Bula, C.J., J. Bille, and M.P. Glausser. 1995. An epidemic of food-borne listeriosis in western Switzerland: description of 57 cases involving adults. Clin Infect Dis 20(1):66-72.


02出典:
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 1988. Epidemilogic notes and reports update --listeriosis> and pasteurized milk. MMWR Weekly. 37(49);764-766.


02出典:
Code of Federal Regulations, Section 21 CFR, Part 133


02出典:
Dalton, C.B., C.C. Austin, J. Sobel, P.S. Hayes, W.F. Bibb, L.M. Graves, B. Swaminathan, M.E. Proctor, and P.M. Griffin. 1997. An outbreak of gastroenteritis and fever due to Listeria monocytogenes in milk. N Engl J Med. 336(2):100-105.


02出典:
da Silva, M.C., E. Hofer, and A. Tibana. 1998. Incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in cheese produced in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Food Prot. 61(3):354-356.


02出典:
Datta, A.R., B.A. Wentz, and W.E. Hill. 1988. Identification and enumeration of beta-hemolytic Listeria monocytogenes in naturally contaminated dairy products. J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 71(3):673-675.


02出典:
Fleming, D.W., S.L. Cochi, K.L. MacDonald, J. Brondum, P.S. Hayes, B.D. Plikaytis,M.B. Holmes, A. Audurier, C.V. Broome, and A.L. Reingold. 1985. Pasteurized milk as a vehicle of infection in an outbreak of listeriosis. N Eng J Med. 312(7):404-407.


02出典:
Gahan, C.G., B. O’Driscoll, and C. Hill. 1996. Acid adaptation of Listeria monocytogenes can enhance survival in acidic foods and during milk fermentation. Appl Environ Microbiol. 62(9):3128-3132.


02出典:
Genigeorgis, C., M. Carniciu, D. Dutulescu, and T.B. Farver. 1991. Growth and survival of Listeria monocytogenes in market cheeses stored at 4 to 30° C. J Food Prot 54:662-668.


02出典:
Gilot, P., C. Hermans, M. Yde, J. Gigi, M. Janssens, A. Genicot, P. Andre, and G. Wauters. 1997. Sporadic case of listeriosis associated with the consumption of a Listeria monocytogenes-contaminated ‘Camembert’ cheese. J Infect. 35(2):195-197.


02出典:
Glass, K.A., K.M. Kaufman, and E.A. Johnson. 1998. Survival of bacterial pathogens in pasteurized process cheese slices stored at 30 degrees C. J Food Prot. 61 (3):290-4.


02出典:
Goulet, V., C. Jacquet, V. Vaillant, I. Rebiere, E. Mouret, C. Lorente, E. Maillot, F. Stainer, and J. Rocourt. 1995. Listeriosis from consumption of raw-milk cheeses. Lancet. 345(8964):1581-1582.


02出典:
Greenwood, M.H., D. Roberts, and P. Burden. 1991. The occurrence of Listeria species in milk and dairy products: a national survey in England and Wales. 12(2-3):197-206.


02出典:
Herbst, S.T. The New Food Lovers Companion: comprehensive definitions of over 4000 food, wine, and culinary terms. 1995. New York: Barron’s Educational Series, Inc


02出典:
Jensen, A., W. Frederiksen, and P. Gerner-Smidt. 1994. Risk factors for listeriosis in Denmark, 1989-1990. Scand J Infect Dis. 26 (2):171-178.


02出典:
Johnson, E.A., J.H. Nelson, and M. Johnson. 1990a. Microbiological safety of cheese made from heat-treated milk, Part 1. Executive summary, introduction and history. J Food Prot. 53(5):441-452.


02出典:
Johnson, E.A., J.H. Nelson, and M. Johnson. 1990b. Microbiological safety of cheese made from heat-treated milk, Part ll. Microbiology. J Food Prot. 53(6):519-540.


02出典:
Johnson, E.A., J.H. Nelson, and M. Johnson. 1990c. Microbiological safety of cheese made from heat-treated milk, Part lll. Technology, discussion, recommendations, bibliography. J Food Prot. 53(7):610-623.


02出典:
Linnan, M.J., L. Mascola, X.D. Lou, V. Goulet, S. May, C. Salminen, D. W. Hird, M.L. Yonekura, P. Hayes, R. Weaver, et.al. 1988. Epidemic listeriosis associated with Mexican-style cheese. N Engl J Med. 319(13):823-828.


02出典:
Listeriosis. The situation 2 years after the outbreak caused by "Vacherin Mont-d’Or" soft cheese. 1991. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 66 (5)28-29.


02出典:
Loncarevic, S., M.L. Danielsson-Tham, and W. Tham. 1995. Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in soft and semi-soft cheeses in retail outlets in Sweden. Int J Food Microbiol. 26(2)245-250.


02出典:
Loncarevic, S., M.L. Danielsson-Tham, P. Gerner-Smidt, L. Sahlstrom, and W. Tham. 1998. Potential sources of human listeriosis in Sweden. Food Micro. 15(1):65-69.


02出典:
Mascola, L., F. Sorvillo, J. Neal, K. Iwakoshi, and R. Weaver. 1989. Surveillance of listeriosis in Los Angeles County, 1985-1986. A first year’s report. Arch Intern Med. 149(7):1569-1572.


02出典:
McLauchlin, J., M.H. Greenwood, and P.N. Pini,. 1990. The occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in cheese from a manufacturer associated with a case of listeriosis. Int J Food Microbiol. 10(3-4):255-262.


02出典:
Pearson, L.J., and E.H. Marth. 1990. Listeria monocytogenes--threat to a safe food supply: a review. J Dairy Sci. 73(4):912-928.


02出典:
Pinto, B., and D. Reali. 1996. Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes and other listerias in Italian-made soft cheeses. Zentralbl Hyg Umweltmed. 199(1):60-68.


02出典:
Piyasena, P., S. Liou, and R. C. McKellar. 1998. Predictive modelling of inactivation of Listeria spp. in bovine milk during high-temperature short-time pasteurization. Int J Food Microbiol. 39(3):167-173.


02出典:
Swardson, A. April 22, 1999. In a ferment over cheese bacteria scare making French review production methods. pp. A18-19. The Washington Post, Washington, DC.


02出典:
Ben Embarek, P.K. 1994. Presence, detection and growth of Listeria monocytogenes in seafoods: a review. Int J of Food Microbiology 23:17-34.


02出典:
Boerlin, P., F. Boerlin-Petzold, E. Bannerman, J. Bille, and T. Jemmi. 1997. Typing Listeria monocytogenes isolates from fish products and human listeriosis cases. Appl Environ Microbiol 63(4):1338-1343.


02出典:
Brett, M.S., P. Short, and J. McLauchlin. 1998. A small outbreak of listeriosis associated with smoked mussels. Int J Food Microbiol 43(3):223-229.


02出典:
Cortesi, M.L., T. Sarli, A. Santoro, N. Murru, and T. Pepe. 1997. Distribution and behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in three lots of naturally-contaminated vacuum-packed smoked salmon stored at 2 and 10 degrees C. Int J Food Microbiol. 37(2-3):209-214.


02出典:
Dillon, R., M. Ronda, R. Thankor, and R. Patel. 1992. Listeria in seafoods: A Review. J Food Protection 55(12):1009-1015.


02出典:
Dillon, R., T. Patel, and S. Ratnam. 1994. Occurrence of Listeria in hot and cold smoked seafood products. Int J Food Microbiol 22(1):73-77.


02出典:
Ericsson, H., A. Eklow, M.L. Danielsson-Tham, S. Loncarevic, L.O. Mentzing, I. Persson, H. Unnerstad, and W. Tham. 1997. An outbreak of listeriosis suspected to have been caused by rainbow trout. J Clin Microbiol 35(11):2904-2907.


02出典:
Hartemink, R., and F. Georgsson. 1991. Incidence of Listeria species in seafood and seafood salads. Int J Food Microbiol 12(2-3):189-195.


02出典:
Heinitz, M.L., and J.M. Johnson. 1998. The incidence of Listeria spp., Salmonella spp., and Clostridium botulinum in smoked fish and shellfish. J Food Prot 61(3):318-323.


02出典:
Jeyasekaran, G., I. Karunasagar, and I. Karunasagar. 1996. Incidence of Listeria spp. in tropical fish. Int J Food Microbiol 31(1-3):333-340.


02出典:
Jemmi, T., and A. Keusch. 1992. Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes during processing and storage of experimentally contaminated hot-smoked trout. Int J Food Microbiol 15(3-4):339-346.


02出典:
Jorgensen, L.V., and H.H.Huss. 1998. Prevalence and growth of Listeria monocytogenes in naturally contaminated seafood. Int J Food Microbiol 42(1-2):127-131.


02出典:
Lennon, D., B. Lewis, C. Mantell, D. Becroft, B. Dove, K. Farmer, S. Tonkin, N. Yates, R. Stamp, and K. Mickleson. 1984. Epidemic perinatal listeriosis. Pediatr Infect Dis 3(1):30-34.


02出典:
Loncarevic, S., W. Tham, and M.L. Danielsson-Tham. 1996. Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. in smoked and ‘gravad’ fish. Acta Vet Scand 37(1):13-18.


02出典:
Miles, L., and J.R. Motes. 1991. Incidence of Listeria spp. in shrimp, oysters, and estuarine waters. J Food Protection 54(3):170-173.


02出典:
Rorvik, L.M., D.A. Caugant, and M. Yndestad. 1995. Contamination pattern of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. in a salmon slaughterhouse and smoked salmon processing plant. Int J Food Microbiol 25(1):19-27.


02出典:
Rorvik, L.M., E. Skjerve, B.R. Knudsen, and M. Yndestad. 1997. Risk factors for contamination of smoked salmon with Listeria monocytogenes during processing. Int J Food Microbiol 37(2-3):215-219.


02出典:
Weagant, S. D., P.N. Sado, K.G. Colburn, J.D. Torkelson, F.A. Stanley, M.H. Krane, S.C. Shields, and C.F. Thayer. 1988. The Incidence of Listeria species in frozen seafood products. J Food Protection 51(8):655-657.


02出典:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1998. Multistate outbreak of listeriosis ? United States, 1998. MMWR. 47(50):1085-1086.


02出典:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1999. Update: Multistate outbreak of listeriosis ? United States, 1998-1999. MMWR. 47(51):1117-1118


02出典:
Farber, J.M., J.Y. D’Aoust, M. Diotte, A. Sewell, and E. Daley. 1998b. Survival of Listeria spp. on raw whole chickens cooked in microwave ovens. J Food Prot 61(11):1465-1469.


02出典:
Fenlon, D.R., J. Wilson, and W. Donachie. 1996. The incidence and level of Listeria monocytogenes contamination of food sources at primary production and initial processing. J Appl Bacteriol 81(6):641-650.


02出典:
Gilbert, R.J., J. McLauchlin, and S.K. Velani. 1993. The contamination of pate by Listeria monocytogenes in England and Wales in 1989 and 1990. Epidemiol Infect 110(3):543-551.


02出典:
Goulet, V., J. Rocourt, I. Rebiere, C. Jacquet, C. Moyse, P. Dehaumont, G. Salvat, and P. Veit. 1998. Listeriosis outbreak associated with the consumption of rillettes in France in 1993. J Infect Dis 177(1):155-160.


02出典:
Houang, E., and R. Hurley. 1991. Isolation of Listeria species from precooked chilled foods. J Hosp Infect 19(4):231-238.


02出典:
Jacquet, C., B. Catimel, R. Brosch, C. Buchrieser, P. Dehaumont, V. Goulet, A. Lepoutre, P. Veit, and J. Rocourt. 1995. Investigations related to the epidemic strain involved in the French listeriosis outbreak in 1992. Appl Environ Microbiol 61(6):2242-2246.


02出典:
Johnson, J.L., M.P. Doyle, and R.G. Cassens. 1988. Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in ground beef. Int J Food Microbiol 6(3):243-247.


02出典:
McLauchlin J., S.M. Hall, S.K. Velani, and R.J. Gilbert. 1991. Human listeriosis and pate: a possible association. BMJ 303(6805):773-775.


02出典:
Morris, I.J., and C.D. Ribeiro. 1991. The occurrence of Listeria species in pate: the Cardiff experience 1989. Epidemiol Infect 107(1):111-117.


02出典:
Newton, L, S.M. Hall, M. Pelerin, and J. McLauchlin. 1992. Listeriosis surveillance: 1991. Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev 2(12):R142-R144.


02出典:
Nichols, G., J. McLauchlin, and J. de Louvois. 1998. The contamination of pate with Listeria monocytogenes?results from the 1994 European community-coordinated food control program for England and Wales. J Food Prot 61(10):1299-1304.


02出典:
Salvat, G., M.T. Toquin, Y. Michel, and P. Colin. 1995. Control of Listeria monocytogenes in the delicatessen industries: the lessons of a listeriosis outbreak in France. Int J Food Microbiol 25(1):75-81.


02出典:
Schwartz, B., C.A. Ciesielski, C.V. Broome, S. Gaventa, G.R. Brown, B.G. Gellin, A.W. Hightower, and L. Mascola. 1988. Association of sporadic listeriosis with consumption of uncooked hot dogs and undercooked chicken. Lancet 2(8614):779-782.


02出典:
Trussel, M. 1989. The occurrence of Listeria in the production of processed meat, salami, and mettwurst. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 131(7):409-412, 417-421.


02出典:
Wilson, I.G. 1996. Occurrence of Listeria species in prepacked retail sandwiches. Epidemiol Infect. 117(1):89-93.


02出典:
Farber, J. M. and Peterkin, P. I. 1991. Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen. Microbiological Reviews, 55(3):476-511.


02出典:
Gellin, B. G. and Broome, C. V. 1989. Listeriosis. JAMA, 261(9):1313-1320.


02出典:
Gray, M. L. and Killinger, A. H. 1966. Listeria monocytogenes and listeric infections. Bacteriological Reviews, 30(2):309-382.


02出典:
Linnan, M. J., Mascola, L., Leu, X. D., Goulet, V., May, S.,Salminen, C., D. Hird, D. W., Yonkura, M. L., Hayes, P., Weaver, R., Audurier, A., Plikaytis, B. D., Fannin, S. L., Kleks, A., and Broome, C. V. 1988. Epidemic listeriosis associated with Mexican-style cheese. N. Engl. J. Med. 319:823-828


02出典:
Ryser, E. T. and Marth, E. H. 1999. Listeria, Listeriosis, and Food Safety, Second Edition. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.


02出典:
Salamina, G., Dalle Donne, E., Niccolini, A., Poda, G., Cesaroni, D., Bucci, M., Fini, R., Maldini, M., Schuchat, A., Swaminathan, B., Bibb, W., Rocourt, J., Binkin, N., and Salmaso, S. 1996. A foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis involving Listeria monocytogenes. Epidemiol. Infect., 117: 429-436.


02出典:
Schuchat, A., Swaminathan, B., and Broome, C. V. 1991. Epidemiology of Human Listeriosis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 4(2):169-183.


02出典:
Schwartz, B., Hexter, D., Broome, C. V., Hightower, A. W., Hirschhorn, R. B., Porter, J. D., Hayes, P. S., Bibb, W. F., Lorber, B., and Faris, D. G. 1989. Investigation of an outbreak of Listeriosis: New hyptothese for the etiology of epidemic Listeria monocytogenes infections. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 159(4):680-685.


02出典:
Barnes, R., Archer, J., Strack, J., and Istre, G. R. 1989. Listeriosis associated with consumption of turkey franks. MMWR 38:267-68.


02出典:
Conlan, J. W. and North, R. J. 1992 Early pathogenesis of infection in the liver with the facultative intracellular bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, Francisella tularensis,and Salmonella typhimurium involes lysi. Infection And Immunity 60(12):5164-5171.


02出典:
Czuprinski, C. J., Theisen, C., and Brown, J. F. 1996. Treatment with the anti-granulocyte monoclonal antibody RB6-8C5 impairs resistance of mice to gastrointestinal infection with Listeria monocytogenes. Infect. Immun. 64:3946-3949.


02出典:
Dabiri, G. A., Sanger, J. M., Portnoy, D. A., and Southwick, F. S. 1990. Listeria monocytogenes moves rapidly through the host-cell cytoplasm by inducing directional actin assembly. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:6068-6072


02出典:
Dalrymple, S. A., et al. 1995. Interleukin-6-deficient mice are highly susceptible to Listeria monocytogenes infection: Correlation with inefficient neutrophilia. Infection and Immunity 63(6):2262-2268.


02出典:
Dalton, C. B., Austin, C. C., Sobel, J., Hayes, P. S., Bibb, W. F., Graves, L. M., Swaminathan, B., Proctor, M. E. and Griffin, P. M. 1997. An outbreak of gastroenteritis and fever due to Listeria monocytogenes in milk. N. Engl. J. Med. 336(2):100-105.


02出典:
Gaillard, J. L., Berche, P., and Sansonetti, P. 1986. Transposon mutagenesis as a tool to study the role of hemolysin in the virulence of Listeria monocytogenes. Infec. Immun. 52:50-55.


02出典:
Ho, J. L., Shands, K. N., Friedland, G., Eckind, P., and Fraser, D. W. 1986. An outbreak of type 4b Listeria monocytogenes infection involving patients from eight Boston hospitals. Arch. Intern. Med. 146:520-524.


02出典:
Junttila, J. and Brander, B., 1989. Listeria monocytogenes septicemia associated with consumption of salted mushrooms. Scand. Journal of Infectious diseases, 21, 339-342.


02出典:
Kocks, C., Gouin, E., Tabouret, M., Berche, P., Ohayon, H., and Cossart, P. 1992. Listeria monocytogenes-induced actin assembly requires the acta gene product, a surface protein. Cell 68:521-531


02出典:
Kuhn, M. and Goebel, W. 1999. Pathogenesis of Listeria monocytogenes. pp. 97-130 in Ryser, E. T. and Marth, E. H. (eds.) Listeria, Listeriosis, and Food Safety, Second Edition. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. Pp. 97-130


02出典:
Linnan, M. J., Mascola, L., Leu, X. D., Goulet, V., May, S., Salminen, C. D., Hird, D. W., Yonkura, M. L., Hayes, P., Weaver, R., Audurier, A., Plikaytis, B. D., Fannin, S. L., Kleks, A., and Broome, C. V. 1988. Epidemic listeriosis associated with Mexican-style cheese. N. Engl. J. Med. 319:823-828.


02出典:
Mascola, L., Sorvillo, F., Neal, J., Iwakoshi, K., and Weaver, R. 1989. Surveillance of listeriosis in Los Angeles county, 1985-1986: a first year's report. Arch. Intern. Med., 149, 1569-1572.


02出典:
McLauchlin, J. S. 1990. Human listeriosis in Britain, 1967-85: A summary of 722 cases: 2. Listeriosis in non-pregnant individuals, a changing pattern of infection and seasonal incidence. Epidemiol. Infect. 104:191-201.


02出典:
McLauchlin, J., Audurier, A., and Taylor, A. G. 1986. Aspects of the epidemiology of human Listeria monocytogenes infections in Britian 1967-1984; the use of serotyping and phage typing. J. Med. Microbiol. 22:367-3767.


02出典:
Nieman, R. E. and Lorber, B. 1980. Listeriosis in adults: A changing pattern; Report of eight cases and review of the literature. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 2(2):207-227.


02出典:
Paul, M. L., Dwyer, D. E., Chow, C., Robson, J., Chambers, I., Eagles, G., and Ackerman, V. 1994. Listeriosis-a review of eighty-four cases. Med. J. Austral. 160:489-493.


02出典:
Pinner, R. W., Schuchat, A., Swaminathan, B., Hayes, P. S., Deaver, K. A., Weaver, R. E., Plikaytis, B. D., Reeves, M., Broome, C. V., and Wenger, J. D. 1992. The role of foods in sporadic listeriosis: II. Microbiologic and epidemiologic investigation. JAMA 1992;267.2046-2050.


02出典:
Portnoy, D., Jacks, P. S., and Hinrichs, D. J. 1988. Role of hemolysin for the intracellular growth of Listeria monocytogenes. J. Exp. Med. 167:1459-1471.


02出典:
Raybourne, R. B. and Bunning, V. K. 1994. Bacteriun-host cell interactions at the cellular level: Fluorescent labeling of bacteria and analysis of short-term bacterium-phagocyte interaction by flow cytometry. Infect. Immun. 62: 665-672


02出典:
Riedo, F. X., Pinner, R. W., Tosca, M. L., Cartter, M. L., Graves, L. M., Reeves, M. W., Weaver, R. E., Plikaytis, B. D., and Broome, C.V. 994. A point-source foodborne listeriosis outbreak: documented incubation period and possible mild illness. J. Infect. Dis. 170:693-696.


02出典:
Roll, J. T., and Czuprynski, C. J. 1990. Hemolysin is required for extraintestinal dissemination of Listeria monocytogenes in intragastrically inoculated mice. Infect Immun. 58:3147-3150.


02出典:
Ryser, E. T. and Marth, E. H. 1999 Listeria, Listeriosis, and Food Safety, Second Edition. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.


02出典:
Salamina, G., Dalle Donne, E., Niccolini, A., Poda, G., Cesaroni, D., Bucci, M., Fini, R., Maldini, M., Schuchat, A., Swaminathan, B., Bibb, W., Rocourt, J., Binkin, N., and Salmaso, S. 1996. A foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis involving Listeria monocytogenes. Epidemiol. Infect. 117: 429-436.


02出典:
Schlech, W. F., Lavigne, P. M., Bortulussi, R. A., Allen, A. C., Haldane, E. V., Wort, A. J., Hightower, A. W., Johnson, S. E., King, S. H., Nicholls, E. S., and Broome, C. V. 1983. Epidemic listeriosis: Evidence for transmission by food. N. Engl. J. Med. 308:203-206.


02出典:
Schuchat, A., Deaver, K. , Wenger, J. D., Plikaytis, B. D., Mascola, L., Pinner, R. W., Reingold, A. L., Broome, C.V., and the Listeria Study Group. 1992. Role of foods in sporadic listeriosis. JAMA. 267(15):2041-2045.


02出典:
Schwartz, B., Broome, C. V., Brown, G. R., Hightower, A. W., Ciesielski, C. A., Gaventa, S., Gellin, B. G., Mascola, L., and the Listeriosis Study Group. 1988. Association of sporadic listeriosis with consumption of uncooked hot dogs and undercooked chicken. Lancet 2:779-782.


02出典:
Slutsker, L. and Schuchat, A. 1999. Listeriosis in humans. pp. 75-95 in Ryser, E. T. and Marth, E. H. (eds.) Listeria, Listeriosis, and Food Safety, Second Edition. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.


02出典:
Tripp, C. S., Wolf, S. F., and Unanue, E. R. 1993. Interleukin 12 and tumor necrosis factor a are costimulators of interferon g production by natural killer cells in severe combined immunodeficiency mice with listeriosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 90: 3725-3729.


02出典:
Unanue, E. R. 1997. Studies in listeriosis show the strong symbiosis between the innate cellular system and the T-cell response. Immunological Reviews 158:11-25.


02出典:
Anon (1994) Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies: A summary of presentknowledge and research. London: HMSO.


02出典:
Anon (1997) The digest of agricultural census statistics, United Kingdom, 1996. Ministryof Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, The Scottish Office Agriculture and FisheriesDepartment, Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, Welsh Office. TheStationary Office.


02出典:
Bendixen, H.J. (1999) Hygienic safety . results of scientific investigations in Denmark(Sanitation requirements in Danish Biogas Plants). Pp 27- 47. In: IEA BioenergyWorkshop. Hygienic and environmental aspects of anaerobic digestion.


02出典:
Bendixen, H.J. and Ammendrup (1992) Safeguards against pathogens in Biogas plants.Practical measures to prevent dissemination of pathogens and requirements forsanitation. The Danish Veterinary Service.


02出典:
Berrang, M.E., Buhr, R.J. and Cason, J.A. (2000a) Campylobacter recovery fromexternal and internal organs of commercial carcass prior to scalding. Poultry Science,79, 286-290.


02出典:
Berrang, M.E., Dickens, J.A., and Musgrove, M.T. (2000b) Effects of hot waterapplication after defeathering on the levels of Campylobacter, coliform bacteria, andEscherichia coli on broiler carcasses. Poultry Science, 79, 1689-1693.


02出典:
Berrang, M.E., Ladely, S.R. and Buhr, R.J. (2001) Presence and level ofCampylobacter, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and total aerobic bacteria recovered frombroiler parts with and without skin. Journal of Food Protection, 64(2), 184-188


02出典:
Berry, E.D. and Koohmaraie, M. (2001) Effect of different levels of beef bacterialmicroflora on the growth and survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on beef carcasstissue. Journal of Food Protection, 64(8), 1138-1144.


02出典:
Burrows, R., Mann, J.A. and Goodridge, D. (1974) Swine vesicular disease: virologicalstudies of experimental infections produced by the England/72 virus. Journal ofHygiene, Cambridge 72, 135-143.


02出典:
Buxton, D. (1998) Protozoan infections (Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum andSarcocystis spp.) in sheep and goats: recent advances. Vet. Res., 29, 289-310.


02出典:
Chapman, P.A., Siddons, C.A. Cerdan Malo, A.T. and Harkin, M.A. (1997). A 1-yearstudy of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry. Epidemiology andInfection 119, 245-250.


02出典:
Cobb, S.P., Hogg, R.A., Challoner, D.J., Brett, M.M., Livesey, C.T., Sharpe, R.T. andJones, T.O. (2002) Suspected botulism in dairy cows and its implications for the safetyof human food. Vet. Record, 150, 5-8.


02出典:
Corry, J.E.L. and Atabay, H.I. (2001) Poultry as a source of Campylobacter and relatedorganisms. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 90, 96S-114S.


02出典:
Corso, B. (1997) Likelihood of introducing selected exotic diseases to domestic swine inthe continental United States of America through uncooked swill. Rev. sci. tech. Off. Int.Epiz. 16(1), 199-206.


02出典:
Cottral, G.E. (1969) Persistence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in animals, theirproducts and the environment. Bull. Off. Int. Epiz. 71(3-4), 549-568.


02出典:
Crockett, C.S., Haas, C.N., Fazil, A., Rose, J.B., and Gerba, C.P. (1996) Prevalence ofshigellosis in the U.S.: consistency with dose-response infromation. Int J. FoodMicrobiology, 30, 87-99.


02出典:
Department of the Environment (1995) Landfill design, construction and operationalpractice. Waste Management Paper 26B. HMSO.


02出典:
DNV (1997) Assessment of risk from possible BSE infectivity in dorsal root ganglia.Report to Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and the SpongiformEncephalopathy Advisory Committee, Det Norske Veritas, Ref C7831.


02出典:
DNV (2002) Presentation by Philip Comer at CCFRA risk assessment seminar, 24 Jan2002.


02出典:
Donaldson, A.I. (1997) Risks of spreading foot and mouth disease through milk anddairy products. Rev. sci. tech. Off. Int. Epiz., 16(1) , 117-124.


02出典:
Doyle, M.P. and Schoeni, J.L. (1987) Isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from retialfresh meats and poultry. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 53(10), 2394-2396.


02出典:
Dubey, J.P. Kotula, A.W., Sharar, A., Andrews, C.D., and Lindsay, D.S. (1990) Effect ofhigh temperature on infectivity of Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts in pork. Journal ofParasitology, 76, 201-204.


02出典:
Dufrenne, J., Ritmeester, W., Delfgou-van Asch, van Leusden, F. De Jonge, R. (2001)Quantification of the contamination of chicken and chicken products in The Netherlandswith Salmonella and Campylobacter. Journal of Food Protection, 64(4), 538-541.


02出典:
Edwards S. (2000) Survival and inactivation of classical swine fever virus. VeterinaryMicrobiology 73 pp 175-181.


02出典:
EUSES (1997) European Union System for the evaluation of substances, User Manual,Joint Research Centre, European Commission EUR 17308 EN.


02出典:
Farez, S. and Morley, R.S. (1997) Potential animal health hazards of pork and porkproducts. Rev. sci. tech. Off. Int. Epiz., 16(1), 65-78.


02出典:
FAO/WHO (2000) Hazard identification and hazard characterisation of Salmonella inbroilers and eggs. Joint FAO/WHO Expert consultation on risk assessment ofmcirobiological hazards in foods, FAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy, 17-21 July 2000.


02出典:
Foodservice Intelligence (2001). The Foodservice Market Meat Monitor, Quarterlyreport, January . March 2001. Report for MLC.


02出典:
Gale, P. (2001) A REVIEW: Developments in microbiological risk assessment. Journalof Applied Microbiology, 91(2), 191-205.


02出典:
Gale, P. and Stanfield, G. (2000) Cryptosporidium during a simulated outbreak. JournalAmerican Water Works Association, 92(9), 105-116.


02出典:
Gale, P. and Stanfield, G. (2001) Towards a quantitative risk assessment for BSE insewage sludge. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 91, 563-569.


02出典:
Gamble, H.R. (1997) Parasites associated with pork and pork products. Rev. sci. tech.Off. Int. Epiz., 16(2) , 496-506.


02出典:
Gibbens, J.C., Sharpe, C.E., Wilesmith, J.W., Mansley, L.M., Michalopoulou, E., Ryan,J.B.M. and Hudson, M. (2001) Descriptive epidemiology of the 2001 foot-and-mouthdisease epidemic in Great Britain: the first five months. The Veterinary Record, 149,729-743.


02出典:
Guittet, M., Le Coq, H. and Picault, J-P. (1997) Risques de transmission de la maladiede Newcastle par des produits avicoles contamines. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz.,16(1), 79-82.


02出典:
Haas, B., Ahl, R., Bohm, R. and Strauch, D. (1995). Inactivation of viruses in liquidmanure. Rev. sci. tech. Off. Int. Epiz., 14(2), 435-445.


02出典:
Haas, C.N. (1996) How to average microbial densities to characterize risk. WaterResearch 30:4, 1,036-1,038.


02出典:
Harrison, W.A., Griffith, C.J., Tennant, D. and Peters, A.C. (2001) Incidence ofCampylobacter and Salmonella isolated from retail chicken and associated packaging inSouth Wales. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 33, 450-454.


02出典:
Haug, R.T. (1993) Kinetics of Heat Inactivation. Chapter 5 In: The Practical Handbook ofCompost Engineering, pp 161-203, Lewis Publishers, London.


02出典:
Hedger, R.S. and Mann, J.A. (1989) Swine vesicular disease. In Virus infections ofporcines (M.B. Pensaert, ed.) Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, 241-250.


02出典:
Henderson, R.J. (1969) The outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in Worcestershire. Anepidemiology study: with special reference to spread of the disease by wind-carriage ofthe virus. J. Hyg., Camb., 46, 394-402.


02出典:
Henderson, W.M. and Brooksby, J.B. (1948) The survival of foot-and-mouth diseasevirus in meat and offal. Journal of Hygiene, 46, 394-402.


02出典:
Herniman KAJ, Medhurst PM, Wilson JN and Sellers RF (1973) The action of heat,chemicals and disinfectants on swine vesicular disease virus. The Veterinary Record 93pp620-624.


02出典:
Horan, N. and Lowe, P. (2001) Pathogens in biosolids and their significance inbeneficial use programmes. Final Report to UKWIR, EA and DEFRA.


02出典:
Joshua, R.S., Macauley, B.J. and Mitchell, H.J. (1998) Characterization of temperatureand oxygen profiles in windrow processing systems. Compost Science & Utilisation,6(4), 15-28.


02出典:
Kao, R.R et al. Science Express, November 2001/10.1126/science.1067475.


02出典:
Leiby, D.A., Duffy, C.H., Murrell, K.D., and Schad, G.A (1990) Trichella spiralis in anagricultural ecosystem: Transmission in the rat population. J. Parasitology, 76(3), 360-364.


02出典:
Lung, A.J., Lin, C.-M., Kim, J.M., Marshall, M.R., Nordstedt, R., Thompson, N.P. andWei, C.I. (2001) Destruction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis incow manure composting. Journal of Food Protection, 64(9), 1309-1314.


02出典:
MacDiarmid SC (1991) The importation into New Zealand of meat and meat products: Areview of the risks to animal health. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Wellington,New Zealand, 180 pp.


02出典:
Mann, J.A. and Hutchings, G.H. (1980) Swine vesicular disease: pathways of infection.Journal of Hygiene, Cambridge 84, 355-363.


02出典:
McKercher, P.D., Hess, W.R. and Hamdy, F. (1978) Residual viruses in pork products.Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 35(1), 142-145.


02出典:
McVicar, J.W. (1984) Quantitative aspects of the transmission of African Swine Fever.Am. J. Veterinary Research. 45(8) pp1535-1541.


02出典:
Moberg, L.J. and Sugyama, H. (1979) Microbial ecological basis of infant botulism asstudied with germfree mice. Infection and Immunity, 25(2), 653-657.


02出典:
Nichols, G.L. (2000) Food-borne protozoa. British Medical Bulletin, 55(4), 209-235.


02出典:
Panina, G.F., Civardi, A., Massirio, I., Scatozza, F., Baldini, P. and Palmia, F. (1989)Survival of foot and mouth disease virus in sausage meat products (Italian salami). Int.J. Food Microbiol., 8, 141-148.


02出典:
Pepin, N., Russo, P. and Pardon, P. (1997) Public health hazards from small ruminantmeat products in Europe. Rev. Sci. tech. Off. Int. Epiz., 16(2), 415-425.


02出典:
Plowright, W. and Parker, J. (1967) The stability of African Swine Fever Virus withparticular reference to heat and pH inactivation. Arch. Gesamte. Virusforsch, 21(3), 383-402.


02出典:
Powell, M.R., Ebel, E., Schlosser, W., Wladerhaug, M. and Kause, J. (2000) Doseresponseenvelope for Escherichia coli O157:H7. Quantitative Microbiology, 2(2), 141-163.


02出典:
Scott GR (1965) The virus of African swine Fever and its transmission. Bull. Off. Int.Epizool. 63(5) pp645-677.


02出典:
Sellers, R.F. (1971) Quantitative aspects of the spread of foot and mouth disease. Vet.Bull. 41, 431-439.


02出典:
Senne, D.A., Panigrahy, B. and Morgan, R.L. (1994) Effect of compsoting poultrycarcasses on survival of exotic avain viruses: highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)virus and adenovirus of egg drop syndrome. Avian Diseases, 38; 733-737.


02出典:
Schad, G.A., Duffy, C.H., Leiby, D.A., Murrell, K.D. and Zirkle, E.W. (1987) Trichinellaspiralis in an agricultural ecosystem: transmission under natural and experimentallymodified on-farm conditions. J. Parasitol. 73(1), 95-102.


02出典:
Shere, J.A., Bartlett, K.J. and Kaspar, C.W. (1998). Longitudinal study of Escherichiacoli O157:H7 dissemination on four dairy farms in Wisconsin. Applied andEnvironmental Microbiology 64(4), 1390-1399.


02出典:
Sidhu, J., Gibbs, R.A., Ho, G.E. and Unkovich, I. (2001) The role of indigenousmicroorganisms in supression of salmonella regrowth in composted biosolids. WaterResearch, 35(4), 913-920.


02出典:
Slater, R.A., Frederickson, J. and Gilbert, E.J. (1999) The State of Composting 1999.Results of The Composting Association’s survey of UK composting facilities andcollection systems in 1999.


02出典:
Strachan, N.J.C., Fenlon, D.R. and Ogden, I.D. (2001). Modelling the vector pathwayand infection of humans in an environmental outbreak of Escherichia coli O157. FEMSMicrobiology Letters 203, 69-73.


02出典:
Stenbro-Olsen, P.W., Earle-Mitchell, R., Gartland, K.M.A. and Collier, P.J. (1995)Temperature change as an indicator of the microbial activity and maturity of municipalgreen waste compost windrows. Journal of Waste Management & Resource Recovery2(1), 41-46.


02出典:
Sutmoller, P. and Vose, D.J. (1997) Contamination of animal products: the minimumpathogen dose required to initiate infection. Rev. sci. tech. Off. Int. Epiz., 16(1), 30-32


02出典:
Teunis, P.F.M., Nagelkerke, N.J.D. and Haas, C.N. (1999) Dose response models forinfectious gastroenteritis. Risk Analysis 19(6), 1251-1260.


02出典:
Tiquia, S.M., Tam, N.F.Y. and Hodgkiss, I.J. (1998) Salmonella elimination duringcomposting of spent pig litter. Bioresource Technology, 63, 193-196.


02出典:
Turner, C. and Burton, C.H. (1997) The inactivation of viruses in pig slurries: A review.Bioresource Technology, 61, 9-20.


02出典:
Turner, C., Williams, S.M., Burton, C.H., Cumby, T.R., Wilkinson, P.J. and Farrent, J.W.(1999) Pilot scale thermal treatment of pig slurry for the inactivation of animal viruspathogens. J. Environ. Sci. Health, B34(6), 989-1007.


02出典:
Turner, C., Williams, S.M. and Cumby, T.R. (2000) The inactivation of foot and mouthdisease, Aujeszky’s disease and classical swine fever viruses in pig slurry. Journal ofApplied Microbiology, 89, 760-767.


02出典:
Tuttle, J., Comez, T., Doyle, M.P., Wells, J.G., Zhao, T., Tauxe, R.V. and Griffin, P.M.(1999) Lesson from a large outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections: insightsinto the infectious dose and method of widespread contamination of hamburger patties.Epidemiology and Infection, 122, 185-192.


02出典:
Walsh, C.P., Hammond, S.E., Zajac, A.M. and Lindsay, D.S. (1999) Survival ofToxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in goat milk: potential source of human toxoplasmosis. J.Eukaryotic Microbiology, 46(5), 73S-74S.


02出典:
Warnekulasuriya, M.R., Johnson, J.D. and Holliman, R.E. (1998) Detection ofTozoplasma gondii in cured meats. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 45 , 211-215.


02出典:
Wells, C.L., Sugiyama, H., and Bland (1982) Resistance of mice with limited intestinalflora to enteric colonisation by Clostridium botulinum. The Journal of InfectiousDiseases, 146(6), 791-796.


02出典:
Wilkinson PJ and Donaldson AI (1977) Transmission studies with African Swine Fevervirus. J. Comp. Path 87 pp497-501.


02出典:
Adak, G., Cowden, J., and Nicholas, S and Evans, H. The Public Health Laboratory Service National Case-Control Study of Primary Indigenous Sporadic Cases of Campylobacter Infection. Epidemiol Infect. 1995. 115; 15-22.


02出典:
Alary M., and Nadeau, D. An Outbreak of Campylobacter enteriditis Associated with a Community Water Supply. Can J Public Health. July-Aug, 1990. 81(4); 268-271.


02出典:
Altekruse, S., Stern, N., Fields, P., Swerdlow D., Campylobacter jejuni . An Emerging Foodborne Pathogen. Emg Inf Dis. Jan-Feb, 1999. 5:1, pp 28-35.


02出典:
Altekruse, S., Swerdlow, D., and Stern, N. Campylobacter jejuni. In: Tollefson L., (ed). Microbial Food Borne Pathogens. The Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. March 1998. 14(1); 31-40.


02出典:
Anonymous. Food Safety From Farm to Table: A National Food-Safety Initiative A Report to the President. May 1997.


02出典:
Anonymous. Report of the ASM Task Force on Antibiotic Resistance. The American Society for Microbiology, Public and Scientific Affairs Board, March 16, 1995.


02出典:
Banffer, J. Biotypes and Serotypes of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Strains Isolated from Patients, Pigs and Chickens in the Region of Rotterdam. J of Infection. 1985. 10; 277-281.


02出典:
Barton, M., Ph.D., School of Pharmacy and Medical Science Institute of Medical Veterinary Science University of South Australia. Personal communication.


02出典:
Bean, N., and Griffin, P., Foodborne Disease Outbreaks in the United States, 1973-1987: Pathogens, Vehicles, and Trends. J of Food Protect. September, 1990. 53(9); 804-817.


02出典:
Binotto, E., McIver, C. and Hawkins, G. Ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter jejuni Infections. Med J Aust. 2000:172; 244-245


02出典:
Black, R., Levine, M., Clements, M., et al. Experimental Campylobacter jejuni Infection in Humans. J of Inf Dis. March, 1988. 157(3); 472-9.


02出典:
Blaser, M. Campylobacter and Related Species. In: Mandell G., Bennett J., and Dolin R. (eds.) Mandell, Douglas and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Disease (5th Ed.) Churchill Livingston, New York. 2000. 1948-1956.


02出典:
Blaser, M., Duncan, D., Osterholm, M., et al. Serologic Study of Two Clusters of Infection Due to Campylobacter jejuni. J of Inf Dis. May, 1983. 147(5); 820-823.


02出典:
Blaser, M. Epidemiologic and Clinical Features of Campylobacter jejuni Infections. J Inf Dis. 1997. 176(Suppl 2); S103-5.


02出典:
Blaser, M., La Force, F., Wilson, N., and Wang, W., Reservoirs for Human Campylobacteriosis . J of Inf Dis. May 1980. 141(5); 665-669.


02出典:
Blaser, M., and Reller, L. Campylobacter enteriditis. NEJM. 1981. 305(24); 1444-52.


02出典:
Blaser, M., Wells, J., Feldman, R., et al. Campylobacter enteriditis in the United States. A Multicenter Study. Ann Intern Med. 1983. 98; 360-5.


02出典:
Bruskin Goldring Research. OmniTel Chicken Consumption Survey. Edison, New Jersey 08817. June 4-6, 1999.


02出典:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1996 Final FoodNet Surveillance Report. Atlanta, Georgia.


02出典:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1997 Final FoodNet Surveillance Report. Atlanta, Georgia.


02出典:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. FoodNet CDC/FSIS/FDA Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network. CDC’s Emerging Infections Program. 1998 Surveillance Results. Preliminary Report. Atlanta, Georgia.


02出典:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. FoodNet Final Data. Atlanta, Georgia. 1999. Personal communication Sara Ehlers.


02出典:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1998 Annual Report, NARMS National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System: Enteric Bacteria, Atlanta, Georgia.


02出典:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1999 Annual Report, NARMS National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System: Enteric Bacteria, Atlanta, Georgia. Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch.


02出典:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. FoodNet Population (Telephone) Survey 1996-7, Preliminary data. Atlanta, Georgia. 1998. Personal communication Elizabeth Imhoff, M.P.H.


02出典:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. FoodNet Population (Telephone) Survey 1998-9, Preliminary data. Atlanta, Georgia. personal communication Elizabeth Imhoff, M.P.H.


02出典:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. FoodNet Physician’s Survey 1996, Preliminary data. Atlanta, Georgia. personal communication Dr. Fred Angulo.


02出典:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. FoodNet Campylobacter Case Control Study 1998-9, Preliminary data. Atlanta, Georgia. 1999. personal communication Dr. Nina Marano.


02出典:
Cogan, T., Bloomfield, S. and Humphrey, T. The Effectiveness of HygieneProcedures for Prevention of Cross-contamination from Chicken Carcases in theDomestic Kitchen. Letters in Appl Microbio. 1999. 29;354-358.


02出典:
Cohen, M., and Tauxe, R. Drug-resistant Salmonella in the United States: An Epidemiologic Perspective. Science. 1986. 234; 964-969.


02出典:
Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. Foodborne Pathogens: Risks and Consequences Interpretive Summary. Ames, Iowa. September 1994.[available at: http://www.castscience.org]


02出典:
Deming, M., Tauxe, R., and Blake, P, et al. Campylobacter enteriditis at a University: Transmission from Eating Chicken and from Cats. Am J of Epidemiol. 1987. 126(3); 526-534.


02出典:
Doyle, M. and Schoeni, J. Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from retail Mushrooms. Appl Environ Microbiol. Feb 1986. Vol. 51, No.2;449-450.


02出典:
Duim, B., Wassenaar, T., Rigter A., and Wagenaar, J. High-Resolution Genotyping of Campylobacter Strains Isolated from Poultry and Humans with Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Fingerprinting. App and Environ Micro. June 1999. 65(6); 2369-2375.


02出典:
Eberhart-Phillips, J., Walker, N., Garrett, N., et al. Campylobacteriosis in New Zealand: results of a case-control study. 1997. J Epidemiol Commun Health. 51:686-691.


02出典:
Endtz, H., Ruijs, G., van Klingeren, B., et al. Quinolone Resistance in Campylobacter Isolated from Man and Poultry Following the Introduction of Fluoroquinolones in Veterinary Medicine. J of Antimicrob Chemo. 1991. 27; 199-208.


02出典:
Evans, M., Roberts, R., Ribero C., et al. A Milk-borne Campylobacter Outbreak Following an Educational Farm Visit. 1996. Epidemiol Infect. 117;457-462.


02出典:
Evans, M., Lane, W., Frost J., and Nylen, G. A Campylobacter Outbreak Associated with Stir-fried Food. 1998. Epidemiol Infect. 121; 275-279.


02出典:
Garcia, M., Lior, H., Stewart, R., et al. Isolation, Characterization, and Serotyping of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from Slaughter Cattle. App Environ Micro. 1985. 49(3); 667-672.


02出典:
Gaylor, D. and Kodell, R. Linear Interpolative Algorithm for Low Dose Assessment of Toxic Substances. J of Environ Path and Tox. 1980. 4; 305-312.


02出典:
Gelman, A., Carlin, J., Stern, H., et al. Bayesian Data Analysis. Chapman & Hall, London. 1996.


02出典:
Goodman, L., Trenholme, G., and Kaplan, R, et al. Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy of Domestically Acquired Acute Diarrhea in Urban Adults. Arch Int Med. March, 1990. 150; 541-6.


02出典:
Grant, I., Richardson, N., and Bokkenheuser, V. Broiler Chickens as a Potential Source of Campylobacter Infections in Humans. J of Clin Micro. May, 1980. 11(5); 508-10.


02出典:
Hanninen, M., Hakkinen, M., and Rautelin, H. Stability of Related Human and Chicken Campylobacter jejuni Genotypes after Passage through Chick Intestine Studied by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis. App and Environ Micro. May, 1999. 65(5); 2272-2275.


02出典:
Harris, N., Weiss, N., and Nolan, C. The Role of Poultry and Meats in the Etiology of Campylobacter jejuni/coli/enteriditis. Am J Pub Health. 1986. 76(4); 407-411.


02出典:
Headrick, M., Korangy, S., Bean, N., et al. The Epidemiology of Raw Milk-Associated Foodborne Disease Outbreaks Reported in the United States, 1973 Through 1992. Am J Pub Health. August, 1998. 88(8); 1219-1221


02出典:
Helsel, L., Nicholson, M., Fitzgerald, C., and Fields, P. Evaluation of a Panel of PCR Assays for the Identification of Campylobacter spp. In : Mobley H., Nachamkin I., McGee D., (eds.) Abstracts and Final Program of the 10th International Workshop on Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Related Organisms. Baltimore, MD. September 12-16, 1999. p22 (CD7).


02出典:
Hennessy, T., Deneen, V., Marcus, R., et al. The FoodNet Physician Survey: Implications for Foodborne Disease Surveillance. [Abstract] In: Program and Abstracts of the International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, March 8-11, 1998 American Society of Microbiology, Washington D.C., 1998. 49.


02出典:
Herikstad, H., Yang, S., Van Gilder, T., et al. A Population-Based Estimate of the Burden of Diarrheal Illness in the United States: FoodNet. 1996-7. Personal communication Fred Angulo.


02出典:
Holcomb, D., Smith, M., Ware, G., et. al. Comparison of Six Dose-Response Models for Use with Food-Borne Pathogens. Risk Analysis. 1999. 19(6);1091-1100.


02出典:
Hopkins, R.., Olmsted, R., and Istre, G. Endemic Campylobacter jejuni Infection in Colorado: Identified Risk Facters. Am Jour Pub Health. 1984. 74(3); 249-50.


02出典:
Hopkins, R, and Scott, A. Handling Raw Chicken as a Source for Sporadic Campylobacter jejuni Infections. J Inf Diseases. 1983. 148(4); 770.


02出典:
Huang, M., Baker, C., Banerjee, S., and Tenover, F. Accuracy of the E Test for Determining Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Staphylococci, Enterococci, Campylobacter jejuni, and Gram-Negative Bacteria Resistant to Antimicrobial Agents. J of Clin Micro. Dec, 1992. 30(12); 3243-3248.


02出典:
Huysmans, M. and Turnidge, J. Disc Susceptibility Testing for Thermophilic Campylobacters. Pathology. 1997. 29; 209-216.


02出典:
Ikram, R., Chambers, S. et al. A Case Control Study to Determine Risk Factors for Campylobacter Infection in Christchurch in the Summer of 1992-3. October, 1994. New Zealand Med J. 107. 430-432.


02出典:
Istre, G., Blaser, M., Shillam, P., and Hopkins, R.. Campylobacter enteriditis Associated with Undercooked Barbecued Chicken. Am Jour of Pub Health. Nov, 1984. 74(11); 1265-1267.


02出典:
Jacobs-Reitsma, W. Aspects of Epidemiology of Campylobacter in Poultry. The Vet Quarterly. 1997. 19; 113-117.


02出典:
Jacobs-Reitsma, W., Kan, C., and Bolder, N. The Induction of Quinolone Resistance in Campylobacter Bacteria in Broilers by Quinolone Treatment. Letters in App Micro. 1994. 19; 228-231.


02出典:
Jaffe, K., Issa, S., Daniels, E., et al. Dynamics of the Emergence of Genetic Resistance to Biocides among Asexual and Sexual Organisms. J Theor Biol. 1997. 188; 289-299.


02出典:
Johnson, N., Kotz, S., and Balakrishnan, N. Continuous Univariate Distributions. J Wiley & Sons, New York. 1995. Volume 2.


02出典:
Jones, K., Howard, S., and Wallace, J. Intermittent Shedding of Thermophillic Campylobacters by Sheep at Pasture. J of App Micro. Mar 1999. 86(3); 531- 536.


02出典:
Kapperud, G., Skjerve, E., Bean, N., et al. Risk Factors for Sporadic Campylobacter Infections: Results of a Case-control Study in Southeastern Norway. J of Clin Micro. Dec 1992. 30(12); 3117-3121.


02出典:
Korlath J., Osterholm, M., Judy, L., et al. A Point-source Outbreak of Campylobacteriosis Associated with Consumption of Raw Milk. J Inf Diseases. Sep 1985. 152(3); 592-596.


02出典:
Korolik, V., Moorthy, L., and Coloe, P. Differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Strains by Using Restriction Endonuclease DNA Profiles and DNA Fragment Polymorphisms. J of Clin Micro. May 1995. 33(5); 1136-1140.


02出典:
Lander, K., and Gill, K. Experimental Infection of the Bovine Udder with Campylobacter coli/jejuni. J of Hyg. 1980. 84; 421-428.


02出典:
Lee, P. Bayesian Statistics; An Introduction. Oxford University Press. 1989. 294.


02出典:
Luechtefeld, N., and Wang, W. Animal Reservoirs of Campylobacter jejuni. In Newell, D.C., (ed). Campylobacter: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Biochemistry. 1982. 249-252.


02出典:
Mason, M., Humphrey, T., and Martin, K. Isolation of Sublethally Injured Campylobacters from Poultry and Water Sources. Br J of Biomedical Sci. 1999. 56; 2-5.


02出典:
McCaig, L., and Hughes, J. Trends in Antimicrobial Drug Prescribing Among Office- Based Physicians in the United States. JAMA. 1995. 273(3); 214-219.


02出典:
McNab, B. A General Framework Illustrating an Approach to Quantitative Microbial Food Safety Risk Assessment. J of Food Protect.1998. 61(9);1216-1228.


02出典:
Mead, P., Slutsker, L., Dietz, V.,et al. Food-Related Illness and Death in theUnited States. Em Inf Dis. Sept-Oct 1999. Vol. 5, No. 5; 1-20.


02出典:
Medema, G., Teunis, P., Havelaar, A. and Haas, C. Assessment of the Dose-Response Relationship of Campylobacter jejuni. Intl J of Food Micro. 1996. 30; 101-111.


02出典:
Munroe, D., Prescott, J., and Penner, J. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Serotypes Isolated from Chickens, Cattle, and Pigs. J of Clin Micro. Oct 1983. 18(4); 877-881.


02出典:
Nachamkin, I., Bohachick, K., and Patton, C. Flagellin Gene Typing of Campylobacter jejuni by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis. J of Clin Micro. June 1993. 31(6); 1531-1536.


02出典:
Nachamkin, I. Campylobacter and Arcobacter. In: Murray P., Baron E., Pfaller M., et al. (eds.) Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 7th Edition. ASM Press, Washington D.C. 1999.


02出典:
Nachamkin, I., Ung, H., and Patton, C. Analysis of HL and O Serotypes of Campylobacter Strains by the Flagellin Gene Typing System. J of Clin Micro. Feb 1996. 34(2); 277-281.


02出典:
Nielsen, E., Engberg, J., and Madsen, M. Distribution of Serotypes of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli from Danish Patients, Poultry, Cattle and Swine. FEMS Im and Med Micro. 1997. 19; 47-56.


02出典:
On, S. Identification Methods for Campylobacters, Helicobacters, and Related Organisms. Clin Micro Rev. July 1996. 9(3); 405-422.


02出典:
On, S., Nielsen E., and Engberg J., and Madsen, M. Validity of SmaI-Defined Genotypes of Campylobacter jejuni Examined by SalI, KpnI, and BamHI polymorphisms: Evidence of Identical Clones Infecting Humans, Poultry and Cattle. Epidemiol of Infection. 1998. 120; 231-237.


02出典:
Perez-Trallero, E, Otero, F, Lopez-Lopategui, C, et al. High Prevalence of Ciprofloxacin Resistant Campylobacter jejuni/coli in Spain. Abstracts of the 37th ICAAC, September 28-October 1, Toronto, Canada, 1997.


02出典:
Piddock, L. Quinolone Resistance and Campylobacter spp Antimicrob Chemother. 1995. 36; 891-8.


02出典:
Ransom, G., and Rose, B. Isolation, Identification, and Enumeration of Campylobacter jejuni/coli From Meat and Poultry Products. In: United States Department of Agriculture-Food Safety Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook, 3rd Edition. 1998. 6-1 to 6-10.


02出典:
Rossiter, S., Joyce, K., Ray, M., et al. High Prevalence of Antimicrobial-Resistant, including Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Campylobacter on chicken in U.S. Grocery Stores, Poster C-296, ASM Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, May 24, 2000.


02出典:
Rothman, K. and Greenland, S., Modern Epidemiology, Second Edition. Lippincott- Raven. Philadelphia, p 53-58


02出典:
Sacks, J., Lieb, S., Baldy, L., et al. Epidemic Campylobacteriosis Associated with a Community Water Supply. Am J Pub Health. 1986. 76(4); 424-8.


02出典:
Saeed, A., Harris, N., and DiGiacomo, R. The Role of Exposure to Animals in the Etiology of Campylobacter jejuni/coli/enteriditis. Am J of Epidemiol. 1993. 137(1); 108-14.


02出典:
Sande, M., Kapusnik-Uner, J., and Mandell, G. Antimicrobial Agents General Considerations, Section XI Chemotherapy of Microbial Diseases. In: Hardman J., Limbird L., and Molinoff P., et al. Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Ninth Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, New York. 1996. 1039.


02出典:
Schmid, G., Schaefer, R., Plikaytis, B., et al. A One-Year Study of Endemic Campylobacteriosis in a Midwestern City: Association with Consumption of Raw Milk. J of Inf Dis. July, 1987. 156(1); 218-222.


02出典:
Segreti, J., Gootz, T., Goodman, L., et al. High-level Quinolone Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Campylobacter jejuni. J of Inf Dis. April 1992. 165; 667-670.


02出典:
Shandera, W., Tormey, M., and Blaser, M. An Outbreak of Bacteremic Campylobacter jejuni Infection. Mt Sinai J Med. Jan 1992. 59(1); 53-6.


02出典:
Shane, S. Campylobacteriosis. In :(eds.) Calnek, B., Barnes, H., Beard, C., et al. Diseases of Poultry, Tenth Edition. Iowa State University Press, Ames. 1997. 235-245.


02出典:
Smith, K., Bender, J., and Osterholm, M. Antimicrobial Resistance in Animals and Relevance to Human Infections. Blaser, M. and Namchamkin, I., (eds.) In: Campylobacter 2nd Edition. pp 483-495. 2000.


02出典:
Smith, K., Besser, J., Hedberg, C., et al. Quinolone-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Infections in Minnesota, 1992-1998. NEJM. 1999. 340(20); 1525-1532.


02出典:
Stanley, K., Cunningham, R., and Jones, K. Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from groundwater. J of App Micro. 1998. 85; 187-191.


02出典:
Stuart, A., and Ord, K. Kendall’s Advanced Theory of Statistics - 6th ed., Volume 1: Distribution Theory. Halsted Press. 1994.


02出典:
Tauxe, R. Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni Infections in the United States and Other Industrialized Nations. In Nachamkin, Blaser and Tompkins (eds.) Campylobacter jejuni: Current Status and Future Trends. 1992. Chapter 2 ; 9-19.


02出典:
Tauxe, R., Hargrett-Bean, N., Patton, M., et al. Campylobacter Isolates in the United States, 1982-1986. CDC MMWR Surveillance Summaries, June 01, 1988/ 37(SS-2); 1-13. available at the following web page: http:www.cdc.gov/epo/mmwr/ preview/mmwrhtml/00001764.htm]


02出典:
Tauxe, R., Pegues, D., and Hargrett-Bean, N. Campylobacter Infections: The Emerging National Pattern. 1987. Am J of Pub Health. 77(9); 1219-1221.


02出典:
Teunis, F., Nagelkerke, N., and Haas, C. Dose Response Models for Infectious Gastroenteritis. 1999. Risk Analysis. 19(6); 1251-1260.


02出典:
Totten, P., Patton, C., Tenover, F., et al. Prevalence and Characterization ofHippurate-Negative Campylobacter jejuni in King County, Washington. J of Clin Microbiol. Sept 1987. 25(9); 1747-1752.


02出典:
United States Department of Agriculture . Agricultural Research Service. 1998 Preliminary Data: NARMS National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System: Enteric Bacteria . Animal Campylobacter Isolate Report. Athens Georgia. personal communication Dr. P. Fedorka-Cray.


02出典:
United States Department of Agriculture . Agricultural Research Service. 1999 Preliminary Data: NARMS National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System: Enteric Bacteria . 1999 Animal Campylobacter Isolate Report. Athens Georgia. Personal communication Dr. P. Fedorka-Cray


02出典:
United States Department of Agriculture - Economic Research Service Food Consumption, Prices and Expenditures, 1970-97 April, 1999 [available at http://www.econ.ag.gov/]


02出典:
United States Department of Agriculture - Economic Research Service.Livestock, Dairy and Poultry Situation and Outlook. LDP-M-59. May 25, 1999. [available at http://www.econ.ag.gov/Prodsrvs/rept-ldp.htm].


02出典:
United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Science and Technology Microbiology Division, April 1996 Nationwide Broiler Chicken Microbiological Baseline Data Collection Program, July 1994-June 1995. [available at http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPHS/baseline/contents.htm].


02出典:
United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Science and Technology Microbiology Division, February 1996 Nationwide Beef Microbiological Baseline Data Collection Program: Cows and Bulls , December 1993-November 1994. [available athttp://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPHS/baseline/contents.htm].


02出典:
United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service, Science and Technology Microbiology Division, January 1994 Nationwide Beef Microbiological Baseline Data Collection Program: Steers and Heifers, October1992- September 1993. [available at http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPHS/baseline/contents.htm]


02出典:
United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service, Science and Technology, Microbiology Division, April 1996 Nationwide Federal Plant Raw Ground Beef Microbiological Survey, August 1993- March 1994. [available at http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPHS/baseline/contents.htm]


02出典:
United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Science and Technology Microbiology Division, June 1996 Nationwide Pork Microbiological Baseline Data Collection Program: Market Hogs, April 1995- March 1996. [available at http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPHS/baseline/contents.htm].


02出典:
United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Science and Technology Microbiology Division, May 1996 Nationwide Raw Ground Chicken Microbiological Survey.


02出典:
United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Science and Technology, Microbiology Division, May 1996 Nationwide Raw Ground Turkey Microbiological Survey. [available at http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPHS/baseline/contents.htm].


02出典:
United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Science and Technology, Office of Public Health and Science, Microbiology Division, August 1998 Nationwide Young Turkey Microbiological Baseline Data Collection Program, August 1996-July 1997, [available at http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPHS/baseline/contents.htm].


02出典:
United States Department of Agriculture- National Agricultural Statistics Service, Agricultural Statistics Board. Poultry Slaughter data. Unpublished data. personal communication J. Lange.


02出典:
United States Department of Agriculture - Economic Research Service Food Consumption, Prices and Expenditures, 1970-97 April, 2000 [available at http://www.econ.ag.gov/]. Personal communication K. Jones.


02出典:
United States Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau. ST-99-1 State Population Estimates and Demographic Components of Population Change, July 1, 1998 to July 1, 1999. [available at http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/popest.html].


02出典:
Van Gilder, T., Christensen, D., Shallow, S., et al. C-419 Variations in Stool Handling and Culturing Practices Among Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Within the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet): Do We Need Practice Guidelines? ASM 99th General Meeting, Chicago, Illinois. Session No. 229/C, Abstract C-416. June 2, 1999. P190-1.


02出典:
Velazquez, J., Jimenez, A., Chomon, B., and Villa, T. Incidence and Transmission of Antibiotic Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. J Antimic Chemother. 1995. 35; 173-178.


02出典:
Voetsche, D., et al. Estimate of the Burden of Illness Caused by Non-typhoidal Salmonella Infections in the United States (in press). Personal communication Dr. Fred Angulo.


02出典:
Vose, D. Quantitative Risk Analysis: a Guide to Monte Carlo Simulation Modelling. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester. 1996.


02出典:
Vose, D. “Risk Analysis in Relation to the Importation and Exportation of Animal Products”, Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 1996. 16 (1); 17-29.


02出典:
Vose, D. Risk Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, 2000.


02出典:
Wassenaar T.M., Geilhausen, B., Newell, D.G. Evidence of genomic instability in Campylobacter jejuni isolated from poultry. App and Environ Micro. 64(5);1816-1821. May 1998.


02出典:
Walter, S. The Distribution of Levin’s Measure of Attributable Risk. Biometrika. 1975. 62(2); 371-374.


02出典:
Wheeler, J., Sethi, D., Cowden, J., et al. Study of Infectious Intestinal Disease in England: Rates in the Community, Presenting to General Practice, and Reported to National Surveillance. BMJ. April 1999. 318;1046-50.


02出典:
World Health Organization. Containing Antimicrobial Resistance: Review of the Literature and Report of a WHO Workshop on the Development of a Global Strategy for the Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance. Geneva, Switzerland, 4-5 February 1999 WHO/CDS/CSR/DRS/99.2. [Available at http://www.who.int/emc-documents/antimicrobial_resistance/docs/whocdscsrdrs992.pdf]


02出典:
Wistrom, J., Jertborn, M., Ekwall, E., et al. Empiric Treatment of acute diarrheal disease with norfloxacin. A randomized, placebo-controlled study. Ann Intern. Med. 1992. 117(3):202-208.


02出典:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1996. CDC Salmonella Surveillance:Annual Tabulation Summary. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.


02出典:
Ebel, E.D., David, M.J., and Mason, J., 1992. Occurrence of Salmonella enteritidis inthe U.S. commercial egg industry: report on a national spent hen survey. Avian Diseases36:646-654.


02出典:
Hedberg, C.W., David, M.J., White, K.E., MacDonald, K.L., and Osterholm, M.T. 1993.Role of egg consumption in sporadic Salmonella enteritidis and S. typhimuriuminfections in Minnesota. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 167:107-111.


02出典:
Hogue, A.T., Ebel, E.D., Thomas, L.A., Schlosser, W.D., Bufano, N.S. and Ferris, R.E.1997a. Surveys of Salmonella Enteritidis in unpasteurized liquid egg and spent hens atslaughter. Journal of Food Protection. 60(10):1194-1200.


02出典:
Hogue A.T., White P., Guard-Petter J., Schlosser W., Gast R., Ebel E., Farrar J., GomezT., Madden J., Madison M., McNamara A.M., Morales R., Parham D., Sparling P.,Sutherlin W., and Swerdlow D. 1997b. Epidemiology and control of egg-associatedSalmonella Enteritidis in the United States of America. Rev. sci. Tech. Off. Int Epiz.16(2):542-553.


02出典:
Humphrey, T.J., Slater, E., McAlpine, K., Rowbury, R.J. and Gilbert, R.J. 1995.Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 isolates more tolerant of heat, acid, or hydrogenperoxide also survive longer on surfaces. Applied Environmental Microbiology. 8:3161-3164.


02出典:
Mishu, B., Koehler, J., Lee, L.A., Rodrique, D., Brenner, F.H., Blake, P., and Tauxe,R.V. 1994. Outbreaks of Salmonella Enteritidis infections in the United States, 1985-1991. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 169: 547-552.


02出典:
Passaro, D.J., Reporter, R., Mascola, L., Kilman, L., Malcolm, G.B., Rolka, N., Werner,S.B., and Vugia, D.J. 1996. Epidemic Salmonella enteritidis (SE) infection in LosAngeles County, California; the predominance of phage type 4. Western Journal ofMedicine. 165:126-130.


02出典:
St. Louis, M.E., Morse, D.L., Potter, M.E., DeMelfin, T.M., Guzewich, J.J., Tauxe, R.V.,and Blake, P.A. 1988. The emergence of grade A eggs as a major source of SalmonellaEnteritidis infections: new implication for control of salmonellosis. Journal of theAmerican Medical Association, 259:2103-2107.


02出典:
United States Department of Agriculture/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.1991. Chickens affected by Salmonella Enteritidis. Final Rule, 9 CFT Parts 71 and 82.Federal Register. 56(20):3730-3743.


02出典:
Aserkoff, B., Schroeder, S.A., Brachman, P.S., 1970. Salmonellosis in the United States . afive-year review. Am J Epidemiology, Vol. 92(1), pp 13-24.


02出典:
Chalker, R.B., Blaser, M.J., 1988. A review of human salmonellosis: III. Magnitude ofSalmonella infection in the United States. Rev Infect Dis, Vol. 10(1), pp 111-124.


02出典:
Todd, E.C.D., 1989. Preliminary estimates of the cost of foodborne disease in the United States. J Food Protection, Vol. 52, pp.595-601.


02出典:
Vose, D. 1996. Quantitative Risk Analysis: A guide to Monte Carlo Simulation Modelling. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Chichester, West Sussex, England.


02出典:
Bumstead, N. and Barrow, P., 1993. Resistance to Salmonella gallinarum, S. pullorum, and S.enteritidis in inbred lines of chickens. Avian Diseases 37:638-647.


02出典:
Ebel, E.D., David, M.J., and Mason, J., 1992. Occurrence of Salmonella enteritidis in the U.S.commercial egg industry: report on a national spent hen survey. Avian Diseases 36:646-654.


02出典:
Gast, R.K., and Benson, S.T., 1996. Intestinal colonization and organ invasion in chicksexperimentally infected with Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 and other phage types isolated from poultry in the United States. Avian Diseases 40: 853-857.


02出典:
Gast, R.K. and Benson, S.T., 1995. The comparative virulence for chicks of Salmonellaenteritidis phage type 4 isolates and isolates of phage types commonly found in poultry in theUnited States. Avian Diseases 39: 567-574.


02出典:
Gast, R.K. and Beard, C.W., 1992. Evaluation of a Chick Mortality Model for Predicting theConsequences of Salmonella enteritidis Infections in Laying Hens. Poultry Science 71: 281-287.


02出典:
Gast, R.K. and Beard, C.W., 1990. Isolation of Salmonella enteritidis from internal organs ofexperimentally infected hens. Avian Diseases 34: 991-993.


02出典:
Guard-Petter, J., 1997. Induction of flagellation and a novel agar-penetrating flagellar structure in Salmonella enterica grown on solid media: Possible consequences for serologicalidentification. FEMS Microbiological Letters 149: 173-180.


02出典:
Guard-Petter, J., 1993. Detection of Two Smooth Colony Phenotypes in A Salmonella enteritidis Isolate Which Vary in Their Ability To Contaminate Eggs. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 59: 2884-2890.


02出典:
Guard-Petter, J., Henzler, D.J., Rahman, M.M., and Carlson, R.W., 1997. On-farm monitoring of mouse-invasive Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and a model for its association with the production of contaminated eggs. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63: 1588-1593.


02出典:
Guard-Petter, J., Keller, L.H., Rahman, M.M., Carlson, R.W., and Silvers, S., 1996. A novelrelationship between O-antigen variation, matrix formation, and invasiveness of Salmonellaenteritidis. Epidemiology and Infection 117: 219-231.


02出典:
Guard-Petter, J., Lakshmi, B., Carlson, R., and Ingram, K., 1995. Characterization oflipopolysaccharide heterogeneity in Salmonella enteritidis by an improved gel electrophoresismethod. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 51: 2845-2851.


02出典:
Henzler, D.J., Ebel, E., and Sanders, J., 1994. Salmonella Enteritidis in Eggs from CommercialChicken Layer Flocks Implicated in Human Outbreaks. Avian Diseases 38: 37-43.


02出典:
Henzler, D.J., Kradel, D.C., and Sischo, W.M., 1998. The chicken layer environment andisolation of Salmonella enteritidis from eggs. American Journal of Veterinary Research,accepted for publication.


02出典:
Henzler, D.J. and Opitz, H.M., 1992. The role of mice in the epizootiology of Salmonellaenteritidis infection on chicken layer farms. Avian diseases 36: 625-631.


02出典:
Hogue et al., 1997. Surveys of Salmonella Enteritidis in unpasteurized liquid egg and spent hens at slaughter. Journal of Food Protection. In press.


02出典:
Holt, P., 1996. Infection of stressed chickens by airborne Salmonella enteritidis. Proceedings of the American Society for Microbiology Meetings.


02出典:
Holt, P.S., 1995. Horizontal transmission of Salmonella enteritidis in molted and unmoltedlaying chickens. Avian Diseases 39: 239-249.


02出典:
Holt, P.S., Buhr, R.J., Cunningham, D.L., and Porter Jr., R.E., 1994. Effect of Two DifferentMolting Procedures on a Salmonella enteritidis Infection. Poultry Science 73: 1267-1275.


02出典:
Holt, P.S., and Porter, Jr., R.E., 1993. Effect of Induced Molting on the Recurrence of a Previous Salmonella enteritidis Infection. Poultry Science 72: 2069-2078.


02出典:
Holt, P.S., and Porter, Jr., R.E., 1992. Effect of induced molting on the course of infection andtransmission of Salmonella enteritidis in white leghorn hens of different ages. Poultry Science71: 1842-1848.


02出典:
Humphrey, T.J., Williams, A., McAlpine, K. Lever, Guard-Petter, J., and Cox, J.M., 1996.Isolates of Salmonella enterica Enteritidis PT4 with enhanced heat and acid tolerance are morevirulent in mice and more invasive in chickens. Epidemiology and Infection 117: 79-88.


02出典:
Humphrey, T.J., Chart, H., Baskerville, A., and Rowe, B., 1991. The influence of age on theresponse of SPF hens to infection with Salmonella enteritidis PT4. Epidemiology and Infection106: 33-43.


02出典:
Humphrey, T.J., Whitehead, A., Gawler, A.H.L., Henley, A., and Rowe, B., 1991. Numbers ofSalmonella enteritidis in the contents of naturally contaminated hens’ eggs. Epidemiology andInfection 106: 489-496.


02出典:
Humphrey, T.J., Baskerville, A., Mawer, S., Rowe, B., and Hopper, S., 1989. Salmonellaenteritidis phage type 4 from the contents of intact eggs: A study involving naturally infectedhens. Epidemiology and Infection 103: 415-423.


02出典:
Kinde, H., Read, D.H., and Gardner, I.A., 1996. Salmonella enteritidis, phage type 4 infection in a commercial layer flock in southern California: Bacteriologic and epidemiologic findings.Avian Diseases 40: 665-671.


02出典:
Kingston, D.J., 1981. A comparison of culturing drag swabs and litter for identification ofinfections with Salmonella spp. in commercial chicken flocks. Avian Dis. 25:513-516.


02出典:
Leslie, J., 1996. Simulation of the transmission of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 in a flockof laying hens. Veterinary Record 139:388-391.


02出典:
Lindell, K.A., Saeed, A.M., and McCabe, A.M., 1994. Evaluation of Resistance of Four Strainsof Commercial Laying Hens to Experimental Infection with Salmonella enteritidis Phage TypeEight. Poultry Science 73: 757-762.


02出典:
Mallinson, E.T., Joseph, S.W., Carr, L.E., and Wabeck, C.J., 1997. Litter management is critical to food safety, performance. Feedstuffs May 19, 47-52.


02出典:
Manning, J.G., Hargis, B.M., and Hinton Jr., A., 1994. Effect of selected antibiotics andanticoccidials on Salmonella enteritidis cecal colonization and organ invasion in leghorn chicks.Avian diseases 38: 256-261.


02出典:
Martin, S.W., Meek, A.H., Willeberg, P., 1987. Veterinary Epidemiology Principles andMethods. Iowa State University Press.


02出典:
Phillips, R.A., and Opitz, H.M., 1995. Pathogenicity and persistence of Salmonella enteritidisand egg contamination in normal and Infectious Bursal Disease Virus-infected leghorn chicks.Avian Diseases 39:778-787.


02出典:
Qin, Z.R., Arakawa, A., Baba, E., Fukata, T., Miyamoto, T., Sasai, K. and Withanage, G.S.K.,1995. Eimeria tenella infection induces recrudescence of previous Salmonella enteritidisinfection in chickens. Poultry Science 74: 1786-1792.


02出典:
Rahman, M.M., Guard-Petter, J. and Carlson, R.W., 1997. A virulent isolate of Salmonellaenteritidis produces a Salmonella typhi-like lipopolysaccharide. Journal of Bacteriology 179:2126-2131.


02出典:
Rahn, A.P., 1977. A strategic planning model for commercial laying flocks. Poultry Science56:1579-1584.


02出典:
Schlosser, W., Henzler, D., Mason, J., Hurd, S., Trock, S., Sischo, W., Kradel, D., and Hogue, A., 1995. Salmonella enteritidis Pilot Project Progress Report. Washington, DC: U.S.Government Printing.


02出典:
Tellez, G., Dean, C.E., Corrier, D.E., DeLoach, J.R., Jaeger, L., and Hargis, B.M., 1994. Effect of dietary lactose on cecal morphology, pH, organic acids, and Salmonella enteritidis organ invasion in Leghorn chicks. Poultry Science 73: 636-642.


02出典:
Thiagarajun, D., Saeed, A.M., and Asem, E.K., 1994. Mechanism of transovarian transmissionof Salmonella enteritidis in laying hens. Poultry Science 73: 89-98.


02出典:
Van de Giessen, A.W., Ament, A.J.H.A., and Notermans, S.H., 1994. Intervention strategies for Salmonella enteritidis in poultry flocks: a basic approach. International Journal of FoodMicrobiology 21: 145-154


02出典:
Vose, D., 1996. Quantitative Risk Analysis: A guide to Monte Carlo Simulation Modeling. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.


02出典:
Waltman, W.D., Horne, A.M., Pirkle, C., and Johnson, D.C., 1992. Prevalence of Salmonellaenteritidis in Spent Hens. Avian Diseases 36: 251-255.


02出典:
Winkler, R.L., 1972. An introduction to Bayesian inference and decision. Holt, Rinehart, andWinston, Inc.


02出典:
Anderson, K.D., Jones, F.T. and Curtis, P.A. 1992. Legislation ignores technology. Egg Ind.Sept/Oct 1992, pp 11-13.


02出典:
Bell, D.D. and Curley, R.G. 1966. Egg cooling rates affected by containers. CaliforniaAgriculture. June, pp. 2-3.


02出典:
Bradshaw, J.G., Shah, D.B., Forney, E. and Madden, J.M. 1990. Growth of Salmonellaenteritidis in yolk of shell eggs from normal and seropositive hens. J. Food Protection 53:1033-1036,


02出典:
Chen, J., Clarke, R.C. and Griffiths, M.W. 1996. Use of luminescent strains of Salmonellaenteritidis to monitor contamination and survival in eggs. J. Food Protection 59:915-921.


02出典:
Curtis, P.A, Anderson, K.E. and Jones, F.T. 1995. Cryogenic gas for rapid cooling ofcommercially processed shell eggs before packaging. J. Food Protection 58:389-394.


02出典:
Czarick, M and Savage, S. 1992. Egg cooling characteristics in commercial egg coolers. J.Appl. Poultry Res. 1:389-394.


02出典:
Gast, R.K. and Beard, C.W. 1992. Detection and Enumeration of Salmonella enteritidis in fresh and stored eggs laid by experimentally infected hens. J. Food Protection 55:152-156.


02出典:
Huo, H., Singh, R.K., Muriana, P.M. and Stadelman, W.J. 1996. Pasteurization of intact shelleggs. Food Microbiol. 13:93-101.


02出典:
Humphrey, T.J. 1993. Growth of Salmonella enteritidis in egg contents. In: Proc. 5th EuropeanSymp. Quality Eggs Egg Products. Tours, France. 4-8 Oct. pp. 29-36.


02出典:
Humphrey, T.J. 1998. Personal communication


02出典:
Humphrey, T.J. 1994. Contamination of egg shell and contents with Salmonella enteritidis: Areview. Intl. J. Food Microbiol. 21:31-40.


02出典:
Lucore, L.A., Jones, F.T., Anderson, K.E. and Curtis, P.A. 199x. Internal and external bacterial counts from shell eggs washed in a commercial-type processor at various wash-watertemperatures.


02出典:
Schoeni, J.L., Glass, K.A., McDermott, J.L. and Wong, A.C.L. 1995. Growth and penetration of Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella heidelberg and Salmonella typhimurium in eggs. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 24:385-396.


02出典:
Schuman, J.D., Sheldon, B.W., Vandepopuliere, J.M. and Ball, H.R., Jr. 1997. Immersion heattreatments for inactivation of Salmonella enteritidis with intact eggs. J. Appl. Microbiol.83:438-444.


02出典:
Stadelman, W.J. and Rhorer, A.R. 1987. Egg Quality: Which is best--in-line or off-lineproduction? Egg Indust. 93:8-10.


02出典:
Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J.H. 1960. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw-Hill,


02出典:
Baker, R.C., and Bruce, C., 1994. Effects of processing on the microbiology of eggs. InMicrobiology of the Avian Egg. Ed R.G. Board and R. Fuller. Chapman & Hall. New York.


02出典:
Butler, R.W., and Josephson, J.E. 1962. Egg-containing cake-mixes as a source of Salmonella.Canadian Journal of Public Health 53:478-482.


02出典:
Cantor, A., and McFarlane, V.H., 1948. Salmonella Organisms on and in Chicken Eggs. Poultry Science. 27:350-355.


02出典:
Dabbah, R., Moats, W.A., and Edwards, V.M., 1971. Survivor curves of selected Salmonellaenteritidis serotypes in liquid whole egg homogenates at 60 C. Incomplete


02出典:
Ebel, E.D., Mason, J., Thomas, L.A., Ferris, K.E., Beckman, M.G., Cummins, D.R., Scroeder-Tucker, L., Sutherlin, W.D., Glassoff, R.L., and Smithhisler, N.M., 1993. Occurrence of Salmonella enteritidis in Unpasteurized Liquid Egg in the United States. Avian Diseases. 37:135-142.


02出典:
International Association of Milk, Food, and Environmental Sanitarians. 1976. E 3-A Sanitarystandards for liquid egg products cooling and holding tanks. No. E-1300. J. Milk FoodTechnology. 39:568-575.


02出典:
Froning, G., 1998. University of Nebraska, unpublished data.


02出典:
Garibaldi, J.A., Lineweaver, H., and Ijichi, K., 1969. Number of Salmonellae in commerciallybroken eggs before pasteurization. Poultry Sci. 48:1096-1101.


02出典:
Garibaldi, J.A., Straka, R.P., and Ijichi, K., 1969. Heat resistance of Salmonella in various eggproducts. Applied Microbiology 17(4):491-495.


02出典:
Gast, R.K., and Beard, C.W., 1990. Production of Salmonella enteritidis-Contaminated Eggs by Experimentally Infected Hens. Avian Diseases 34:438-446.


02出典:
Hogue, A.T., Ebel, E.D., Thomas, L.A., Schlosser, W.D., Bufano, N., and Ferris, K., 1997.Surveys of Salmonella enteritidis in unpasteurized liquid egg and spent hens at slaughter. Journal of Food Protection 60(10):1194-1200


02出典:
Humphrey, T.J., Baskerville, A., Mawer, S., Rowe, B., and Hopper, S., 1989. Salmonellaenteritidis phage type 4 from the contents of intact eggs: a study involving naturally infectedhens. Epidem. Inf. 103:415-423.


02出典:
Humphrey, T.J., Chapman, P.A., Rowe, B., and Gilbert, R.J., 1990. A comparative study of the heat resistance of salmonellas in homogenized whole egg, egg yolk, or albumen. Epidemiology and Infection 104:237-241.


02出典:
Humphrey, T.J., Whitehead, A., Gawler, A.H.L., Henley, A., and Rowe, B., 1991. Numbers ofSalmonella enteritidis in the contents of naturally contaminated hens’ eggs. Epidemiol. Infect.106: 489-496.


02出典:
Muriana, P.M., 1997. Effect of pH and hydrogen peroxide on heat inactivation of Salmonella and Listeria in egg white. Food Microbiology. 14:11-19.


02出典:
Palumbo, M.S., Beers, S.M., Bhaduri S., and Palumbo, S.A., 1995. Thermal resistance ofSalmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in liquid egg yolk and egg yolk products. Journal of Food Protection 58(9):960-966.


02出典:
Palumbo, M.S., Beers, S.M., Bhaduri, S., and Palumbo, S.A., 1996. Thermal resistance ofListeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in liquid egg white. Journal of Food Protection59(11):1182-1186


02出典:
Rahn, A.P., 1977. A strategic planning model for commercial laying flocks. Poultry Science.56:1579-1584.


02出典:
Shah, D.B., Bradshaw, J.G. and Peeler, J.T., 1991. Thermal Resistance of Egg-AssociatedEpidemic Strains of Salmonella enteritidis. Journal of Food Science (56) 2: 391-393.


02出典:
Schuman, J.D., and Sheldon, B.W., 1997. Thermal resistance of Salmonella spp. and Listeriamonocytogenes in liquid egg yolk and egg white. Journal of Food Protection 60(6):634-638.


02出典:
Siegmund, O.H., and Fraser, C.M., 1979. The Merck Veterinary Manual. Fifth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway, N.J.


02出典:
Todd, E.C.C., 1996. Risk assessment of use of cracked eggs in Canada. Int. J. Food Microbiol.30:125-143.


02出典:
Thiagarajan, D., Saeed, A.M., and Asem, E.K., 1994. Mechanism of Transovarian Transmissionof Salmonella enteritidis in Laying Hens. Poultry Science. 73:89-98.


02出典:
Whiting, R.C., and Buchanan, R.L., 1997. Development of a quantitative risk assessment model for Salmonella enteritidis in pasteurized liquid eggs. International Journal of Food Microbiology 36:111-125.


02出典:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service. Regulations Governing theInspection of Eggs and Egg Products (7 CFR Part 59). May 1, 1991, Washington, D.C. 20250.


02出典:
Anellis, A., Lubas, J, and Rayman, M.M., 1954. Heat Resistance in Liquid Eggs of Some Strains of the Genus Salmonella. Food Research 19: 377-395.


02出典:
Baker, R.C., 1990. Survival of Salmonella enteritidis on and in Shelled Eggs. Liquid Eggs, andCooked Egg Products. Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 10(5): 273-375.


02出典:
Brown, W.E., and Baker, 1963. Microbiology of Cracked Eggs,


02出典:
Hedberg, C.W., David, M.J., White, K.E., MacDonald, K.L., and Osterholm, M.T., 1993. Roleof Egg Consumption in Sporadic Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium Infectionsin Minnesota. Journal of Infectious Diseases 167: 107-111.


02出典:
Humphrey, T.J., Chapman, P.A., Rowe, B., and Gilbert, R.J., 1990. A Comparative Study of the Heat Resistance of Salmonellas in Homogenized Whole Egg, Egg Yolk or Albumen.Epidemiology and Infection 104: 237-241.


02出典:
Humphrey, T.J., Greenwood, M., Gilbert, R.J., Rowe, B., and Chapman, P.A., 1989. TheSurvival of Salmonellas in Shell Eggs Cooked Under Simulated Domestic Conditions.Epidemiology and Infection 103: 35-45.


02出典:
Klontz, K.C., Timbo, B., Fein, S., and Levy, A., 1995. Prevalence of Selected FoodConsumption and Preparation Behaviour Associated with Increased Risks of Food-borneDisease. Journal of Food Protection 58(8): 927-930.


02出典:
Lin, C-.T.J., Morales, R.A., and Ralston, K., 1997. Raw and Undercooked Eggs: The Dangersof Salmonellosis. Food Review (in press).


02出典:
Market Research Corporation of America, 1995. Consumption of Raw Beef, Raw Fish, RawEggs. Menu Census Report to the U.S. Department of Agriculture - ERS.


02出典:
Saeed, A.M., and Koons, C.W., 1993. Growth and Heat Resistance of Salmonella enteritidis inRefrigerated and Abused Eggs. Journal of Food Protection 56 (11): 927-931.


02出典:
Angelotti, R., Bailey, G.C., Foter, M.J., and Lewis K.H., 1961. Salmonella infantis isolated from ham in food poisoning incident, Public Health Reports 76: 771-776.


02出典:
Apostolakis, G., 1990. The concept of probability in safety assessments of technologicalsystems, Science 250: 1359.


02出典:
Archer, D.L., and Kvenberg, J.E., 1985. Incidence and cost of food-borne diarrheal disease inthe United States, J Food Protect 48: 887-894.


02出典:
Archer, D.L., 1985. Enteric microorganisms in rheumatoid diseases: causative agents andpossible mechanisms, J Food Prot 48: 538-545.


02出典:
Armstrong, R.W., Fodor, T., Curlin, G.T., Cohen, A.B., Morris, G.K., Martin, W.T., andFeldman, J., 1970. Epidemic Salmonella gastroenteritis due to contaminated imitation ice cream, Am. J. Epidemiol 91:300-307.


02出典:
Aserkoff, B., Schroeder, S.A., and Brachman, P.S., 1970. Salmonellosis in the United States . a five-year review, Am J Epidemiology 92(1): 13-24.


02出典:
D’Aoust, J.Y., Aris, B.J., and Thisdele, P., 1975. Salmonella esatborne outbreak associated with chocolate, J. Inst. Canadian Sci and Tech Aliment 8: 181-184.


02出典:
D’Aoust, J.Y., 1985. Infective dose of Salmonella typhimurium in cheddar cheese, Amer JEpidemiol 122: 717-720.


02出典:
D’Aoust, J.Y., 1989. Salmonella. In: Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens. M.P. Doyle, ed. NY:Marcel Dekker


02出典:
Black, R.E., Levine, M.M., Clements, M.L., Hughes, T.P., and Blaser, M.J., 1988. Experimental Campylobacter jejuni infection in humans, J Inf Dis 157: 472-479.


02出典:
Blaser, M.J., and Newman, L.S., 1982. A review of human salmonellosis: I. Infective Dose,Rev of Infect Dis 4: 1096-1106.


02出典:
Bonhof, M., Miller, C.P., and Martin, W.R., 1964. J Exp Med 120: 817-828.


02出典:
Boring, J.R., III, Martin, W.T., Elliott, L.M., 1971. Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium frommunicipal water, Riverside, California, Am. J. Epidemiol. 93:49-54.


02出典:
CAST (Council on Agricultural Science and Technology), 1994. Foodborne Pathogens: RiskAnd Consequences. Task Force Report 122. Ames, IA.


02出典:
Chalker, R.B., and Blaser, M.J., 1988. A review of human salmonellosis: III. Magnitude ofSalmonella infection in the United States, Rev Infect Dis 10(1): 111-124.


02出典:
Crockett, C.S., Haas, C.N., Fazil, A., Rose, J.B., and Gerba, C.P., 1996. Prevalence ofshigellosis in the U.S.: consistency with dose-response information,. In J Food Microbiol 30: 87-99.


02出典:
Dupont, H.L., Hornack, R.B., Dawkins, A.T., Snyder, M.J., and Formal, S.B., 1973. Theresponse of many to virulent Shigella flexneri 2a, J Inf Dis 119: 269-295.


02出典:
Edmonds, J., 1984. Reactive arthritis, Aust NZ J Med 14: 81-88.


02出典:
Fazil, A., 1996. A Quantitative Risk Assessment for Salmonella. M.S. Thesis, DrexelUniversity.


02出典:
Fazil, A. and Haas, C.N., 1997. A quantitative risk assessment model for Salmonella, Proc.American Water Works, in press.


02出典:
Fontaine, R.E., Arnon, S., Martin, W.T., and Vernon, T.M., Jr., Gangarosa, E.J., Farmer, J.J., III, Moran, A.B., Silliker, J.H., and Decker, D.L. 1978. Raw hamburger: an interstate commonsource of human salmonellosis, Am J Epidemiol 107: 36-45.


02出典:
Fontaine, R.E., Cohen, M.L., Martin, W.T., and Vernon, T.M., 1980. Epidemic salmonellosisfrom cheddar cheese: surveillance and prevention, Am J Epidem 111: 247-253.


02出典:
George, R.H., 1976. Small infectious doses of Salmonella [letter], Lancet 1:1130.


02出典:
Gerba, C.P., Rose, J.B. and Haas, C.N., 1996. Sensitive populations: who is at the greatest risk? Int J Food Microbiol 30: 113-123.


02出典:
Glynn, J.R. and Bradley, D.J., 1992. The relationship between infecting dose and severity ofdiseases in reported outbreaks of Salmonella infections, Epidemiol Infect 109: 371-388.


02出典:
Greenwood, M.H. and Hooper, W.L., 1983. Chocolate bars contaminated with Salmonellanapoli: in infectivity study, Brit Med Jr 286: 1394.


02出典:
Haas, C.E., Rose, J.B., Gerba, C.P., and Regli, V., 1993. Risk assessment of virus in drinkingwater, Risk Analysis 13: 545-552.


02出典:
Hennessy, T.W., Hedberg, C.W., Laurence, S., White, K.E., Besser-Wiek, J.M., Moen, M.E., Feldman, J., Coleman, W.W., Edmonson, L.M., MacDonald, K.L., Osterholm, M.T., and the Investigation Team, 1996. A national outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis infections from icecream, New Eng J Med 20: 1281-1286.


02出典:
Kaplan, S., and Garrick, J.B., 1981. On the quantitative definition of risk, Risk Analysis 1: 11-27.


02出典:
Lang, D.L., Kunz, L.J., Martin, A.R., Schroeder, S.A., and Thomson, L.A., 1967. Carmine as asource of nosocomial salmonellosis, N. Engl. J. Med. 276:829-832.


02出典:
Levine, W.C., Smart, J.F., Archer, D.L., Bean, N.H., and Tauxe, R.V., 1991. Foodborne disease outbreaks in nursing homes, Journal of American Medical Association 266: 2105-2109.


02出典:
Levy, M., Fletcher, M., Moody, M., et al. 1996. Outbreaks of Salmonella serotype Enteritidisinfection associated with consumptions of raw shell eggs--United Sates, 1994-1995, MMWR45(34): 737-741. (personal communication on culture results of hollandaise sauce implicated inoutbreak at hotel in Washington, DC).


02出典:
Lew, J.R., Glass, R.I., Gangarosa, R.E., Cohen, I.P., Bern, C., and Mode, C.L., 1991. Diarrheal deaths in the United States, 1979-1987: A special problem for the elderly, J Amer Med Assoc 265: 3280-3284


02出典:
Lipson, A., 1976. Infecting dose of Salmonella [letter], Lancet 1: 969


02出典:
Lumsden, L.L., 1912. Pub Health Reports 27: 1960-1971.


02出典:
Marks, H.M., Coleman, M.E., Lin C.-T.J., and Roberts, T., 1997. Topics in microbial riskassessment: Dynamic Flow Tree Process, Risk Analysis, 18(3): 309-328.


02出典:
McCullough, N.B., and Eisele, C.W., 1951a. Experimental human salmonellosis: I.Pathogenicity of strains of Salmonella meleagridis and Salmonella anatum obtained from spraydried whole egg, J Infect Dis 88: 278-289


02出典:
McCullough, N.B., and Eisele, C.W., 1951b. Experimental human salmonellosis: III.Pathogenicity of strains of Salmonella newport, Salmonella derby, and Salmonella bareillyobtained from spray dried whole egg, J Infect Dis 88: 209-213.


02出典:
Medema, G.J., Teunis, P.F.M., Havelaar, A.H., and Haas, C.N., 1996. Assessment of the doseresponse relationship of Campylobacter jejuni, Intl J Food Microbiology 30: 101-111.


02出典:
Mintz, E.D. et al. 1994. Dose-response effects in an outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis,Epidemiol Inf 112: 13-23.


02出典:
Mishu, B., Koehler J., Lee, L.A., et al. 1994. Outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis infections inthe United States, 1985-1991, J Infect Dis 169: 547-52.


02出典:
Morales, R.A. , Jaykus, L.A., and Cowen, P., 1996. Characterizing risk due to SalmonellaEnteritidis contaminated eggs shell eggs, Proc. Soc. Risk Analysis 1996 Annual Meeting, Abst. No. H1.04. New Orleans, LA.


02出典:
Morgan, J.B.T., 1992. The Analysis of Quantal Response Data. NY: Chapman-Hall.


02出典:
National Science Foundation. Proceedings of a Workshop on Specifying Probability


02出典:
Distributions with Limited Data, University of Virginia, March 1997. Forthcoming in RiskAnalysis.


02出典:
Reitler, R., Yarom, D., and Seligmann, R., 1960. The enhancing effect of staphylococcalenterotoxin on Salmonella infection, The Medical Officer 104: 181.


02出典:
Rejnmark, L., Stoustrup, O., Christensen, I., and Hansen, A., 1997. Impact of infecting dose on severity of disease in an outbreak of food-borne Salmonella enteritidis, Scand J Inf Dis 29: 37-40.


02出典:
Rose, J.R., Haas, C.N., and Regli, S., 1991. Risk assessment and control of waterbornegiardiasis, Am J Pub Health 81: 709-713.


02出典:
Smith, J.L., Palumbo, S.A., and Walls, I., 1993. Relationship between foodborne bacterialpathogens and the reactive arthritis, J Food Safety 13: 209-236.


02出典:
Taylor, D.N., Bopp, C.E., Birkness, K. and Cohen, M.L., 1984. An outbreak associated with afatality in a healthy child: a large dose and severe illness, Am J Epidem 119: 907-912


02出典:
Taylor, D.N., 1992. Campylobacter jejune: Current topics and Future Trends. AmericanSociety of Microbiology.


02出典:
Teunis, P.F.M., van der Heijden, O.G., van der Giessen J.W.B., and Havelaar, A.H., 1996. The dose-response relation in human volunteers for gastro-intestinal pathogens, final draft of report written as part of project number 284550 on behalf of the Veterinary Inspectorate (VHI) and the Public Health Inspectorate (HIGB), Ministry of Public Health, Welfare, and Sports (VWS). Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu, Bilthoven.


02出典:
Todd, E.C.D., 1989. Preliminary estimates to the cost of foodborne disease in the United States, J Food Protection 52: 595-601.


02出典:
Whiting, R.C., and Buchanan, R.L., 1997. Development of a quantitative risk assessment model for Salmonella enteritidis in pasteurized liquid eggs, Intl J Food Microbiol 36: 111-125.


02出典:
Woodburn, M.T. and Strong, D.H., 1960. Appl Microbiol 8: 109-113.


02出典:
Yolken, R.H., Bishop, C.A., Townsend, T.T., Bolyard, E.A., Bartlett, J., Santos, G.W., and Saral, R., 1982. Infectious gastroenteritis in bone-marrow transplant recipients. New Eng J Med 306:1109-1012.


02出典:
Vought, K.J., and Tatini, S.R., 1998. Salmonella enteritidis Contamination of Ice CreamAssociated with a 1994 Multistate Outbreak. J Food Protection 61: 5-10.


02出典:
Audits International. 1999. 1999 U.S. Cold Temperature Evaluation Design and Study Summary, available at http://www.foodriskclearinghouse.umd.edu/Audits-FDA_temp_study.htm


02出典:
D'Aoust JY, 1991. Pathogenicity of foodborne Salmonella. Int J Food Microbiol;12(1):17-40.


02出典:
Dibb-Fuller MP, Allen-Vercoe E, Thorns CJ, Woodward MJ, 1999. Fimbriae- and flagella mediated association with and invasion of cultured epithelial cells by Salmonella enteritidis. Microbiology;145 ( Pt 5):1023-31


02出典:
Environ Corporation, 2004. EDEA. Software to perform dietary exposure assessment.


02出典:
FDA-FSIS (2003). Quantitative Assessment of Relative Risk to Public Health from Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes Among Selected Categories of Ready-to-Eat Foods. Available at http://www.foodsafety.gov/~dms/lmr2-toc.html


02出典:
Frenzen P, Riggs T, Buzby J, Breuer T, Roberts T, Voetsch D, et al.1999 Salmonella cost estimate updated using FoodNet data. Food Review;22:10-5.


02出典:
FSIS 1994. Nationwide Beef Microbiological Baseline Data Collection Program: Steers and Heifers (October 1992 - September 1993). Accessed at:http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPHS/baseline/steer1.pdf


02出典:
FSIS 1996a. Nationwide Broiler Chicken Microbiological Baseline Data Collection Program , (July 1994 - June 1995). Accessed at: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPHS/baseline/broiler1.pdf


02出典:
FSIS 1996b. Nationwide Federal Plant Raw Ground Beef Microbiological Survey (August 1993 - March 1994). Accessed at: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPHS/baseline/rwgrbeef.pdf


02出典:
FSIS 1996c. Nationwide Pork Microbiological Baseline Data Collection Program: Market Hogs (April 1995 - March 1996). Accessed at: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPHS/baseline/markhog1.pdf


02出典:
FSIS (1996d). Nationwide Raw Ground Chicken Microbiological Survey (March - May and September - November 1995). Accessed at:http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPHS/baseline/rwgrchck.pdf


02出典:
FSIS 1996e. Nationwide Raw Ground Chicken Microbiological Survey (March - May and September - November 1995). Accessed at:http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPHS/baseline/rwgrchck.pdf


02出典:
FSIS 1996f. Nationwide Raw Ground Turkey Microbiological Survey (January - March, September - November 1995). Accessed at:http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPHS/baseline/rwgrturk.pdf


02出典:
FSIS 1996g. Nationwide Beef Microbiological Baseline Data Collection Program: Cows and Bulls (December 1993 - November 1994). Accessed at:http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPHS/baseline/cows1.pdf


02出典:
FSIS 1998. Nationwide Young Turkey Microbiological Baseline Data Collection Program (August 1996 - July 1997). Accessed at:http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPHS/baseline/yngturk.pdf


02出典:
FSIS, 1996. The Final Rule on Pathogen Reduction and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) Systems. NTIS PB96-177613.


02出典:
Hutwagner, M.J., Vugia D, Shallow S, Daily P, Bender J, Koehler J, Marcus R, Angulo FJ; Emerging Infections Program FoodNet Working Group . 2004. Reptiles, amphibians, and human Salmonella infection: a population-based, case-control study. Clin Infect Dis. 38 Suppl 3:S253-61.


02出典:
ICMSF (The International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods ), 1996. Salmonella. In Microorganisms in Foods 5 Microbiological Specifications of Food Pathogens, pp 217-264. Blackie Academic and Professional, London.


02出典:
Levine P, Rose B, Green S, Ransom G, Hill W. 2001. “Pathogen testing of ready-to-eat meat and poultry products collected at federally inspected establishments in the United States, 1990 to 1999.” J Food Prot. 64(8):1188-93.


02出典:
Lumina Decision Systems 2004. AnalyticaR Enterprise version 3.0 (Software). Los Gatos, CA, USA.


02出典:
Mead PS, Slutsker L, Dietz V, McCaig LF, Bresee JS, Shapiro C, et al. 1999. Food-related illness and death in the United States. Emerg Infect Dis 5(5):607-25.


02出典:
Oscar, T.P. 2000. Variation of lag time and specific growth rate of 11 strains of Salmonella inoculated onto sterile ground chicken breast burgers and incubated at 25C. J. Food Safety 20, 225-236.


02出典:
RTI 2004. Data Collection and Economic Analysis for the Rule: Performance Standards for the Production of Processed Meat and Poultry Products. RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC.


02出典:
Scott, J and Weddig, L, 1998. Principles of Integrated Time-Temperature Processing, Presented at the 1998 Meat Industry Research Conference, Philadelphia, PA.


02出典:
Tamplin ML. 2002. Growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in raw ground beef stored at 10 degrees C and the influence of competitive bacterial flora, strain variation, and fat level. J Food Prot. 65(10):1535-40.


02出典:
US Census Bureau, 1999a. Poultry Processing, 1997 Economic Census. EC97M-3116D.


02出典:
US Census Bureau, 1999b. Meat Processed From Carcasses, 1997 Economic Census. EC97M-3116B.


02出典:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (ARS). 1998. 1994-96 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and 1994-96 Diet and Health Knowledge Survey and technical support databases. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.


02出典:
WHO/FAO, 2002. Risk Assessment of Salmonella in eggs and broiler chickens. Rome and Geneva.


02出典:
WHO/FAO, 2003. Hazard Characterization for Pathogens in Food and Water, Microbiological Risk Assessment Series, No. 3, available athttp://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/micro/pathogen/en/


02出典:
CDC, 2003. Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella Serotype Typhimurium Infections Associated with Drinking Unpasteurized Milk --- Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Tennessee, 2002.2003, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Centers for Disease Control and Prevention MMWR July 4, 2003 / 52(26);613-615


02出典:
CDC, 2004. Outbreak of Salmonella Serotype Enteritidis Infections Associated with Raw Almonds --- United States and Canada, 2003.2004, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Centers for Disease Control and Prevention MMWR June 11, 2004 / 53(22);484-487


02出典:
CDC, 1994. Outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis Associated with Homemade Ice Cream--Florida, 1993. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Centers for Disease Control and Prevention MMWR 43(36):1994 Sep 16


02出典:
CDC, 1995. Outbreak of Salmonella Serotype Typhimurium Infection Associated with Eating Raw Ground Beef--Wisconsin, 1994. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Centers for Disease Control and Prevention MMWR 44(49):1995 Dec 15;


02出典:
CDC, 1995a. Outbreak of Salmonellosis Associated With Beef Jerky--New Mexico, 1995 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Centers for Disease Control and prevention MMWR 44(42):1995 Oct 27


02出典:
CDC, 2001. Outbreak of Salmonella serotype Kottbus Infections Associated with Eating Alfalfa Sprouts --- Arizona, California, Colorado, and New Mexico, February--April 2001; Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Centers for Disease Control and Prevention MMWR January 11, 2002 / 51(01);7-9)


02出典:
CDC, 2002. Multistate Outbreaks of Salmonella Serotype Poona Infections Associated with Eating Cantaloupe from Mexico --- United States and Canada, 2000.2002, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Centers for Disease Control and Prevention MMWR, November 22, 2002 / 51(46);1044-1047;


02出典:
CDC 2000. Salmonella surveillance: Annual summary, 1976 to 1999. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Atlanta.


02出典:
Dibb-Fuller MP, Allen-Vercoe E, Thorns CJ, Woodward MJ, 1999. Fimbriae- and flagella mediated association with and invasion of cultured epithelial cells by Salmonella enteritidis. Microbiology;145 ( Pt 5):1023-31.


02出典:
FSIS 1996a. Nationwide Broiler Chicken Microbiological Baseline Data Collection Program , (July 1994 - June 1995). Accessed at:http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPHS/baseline/broiler1.pdf


02出典:
FSIS 1996b. Nationwide Federal Plant Raw Ground Beef Microbiological Survey (August 1993 - March 1994). Accessed at:http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPHS/baseline/rwgrbeef.pdf


02出典:
FSIS 1996c. Nationwide Pork Microbiological Baseline Data Collection Program: Market Hogs (April 1995 - March 1996). Accessed at:http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPHS/baseline/markhog1.pdf


02出典:
Mermin, J. Hutwagner, M.J., Vugia D, Shallow S, Daily P, Bender J, Koehler J, Marcus R, Angulo FJ; Emerging Infections Program FoodNet Working Group . 2004. Reptiles, amphibians, and human Salmonella infection: a population-based, case-control study. Clin Infect Dis. 38 Suppl 3:S253-61.


02出典:
RTI 2004. Data Collection and Economic Analysis for the Rule: Performance Standards for the Production of Processed Meat and Poultry Products. RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC


02出典:
Abbott, S. L., C. Powers, C. A. Kaysner, Y. Takeda, M. Ishibashi, S. W. Joseph, and J. M.Janda. 1989. Emergence of a restricted bioserovar of Vibrio parahaemolyticus as thepredominant cause of Vibrio-associated gastroenteritis on the West Coast of the United States and Mexico. J. Clin. Microbiol. 27:2891-2893.


02出典:
Akeda, Y., K. Nagayama, K. Yamamoto, and T. Honda. 1997. Invasive phenotype of Vibrioparahaemolyticus. J. Infect. Dis. 176:822-824.


02出典:
Anonymous. 2001. Annual epidemiological surveillance report. Division of Epidemiology,Office of Permanent Secretary for Public Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi,Thailand.


02出典:
Baffone, W., A. Pianetti, F. Bruscolini, E. Barbieri, and B. Citterio. 2000. Occurrence andexpression of virulence-related properties of Vibrio species isolated from widely consumedseafood products. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 54:9-18.


02出典:
Barker, W. H. 1974. Vibrio parahaemolyticus outbreaks in the United States. In G. S. T.Fujino, R. Sakazaki, and Y. Takeda (ed.), International Symposium on Vibrioparahaemolyticus. Saikon Publishing Company, Tokyo.


02出典:
Barker, W. H., E. J. Gangarosa. 1974. Food poisoning due to Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Ann.Rev. Med 25:75-81.


02出典:
Barker, W. H., P. A. Mackowiak, M. Fishbein, G. K. Morris, J. A. D'Alfonso, G. H.Hauser, and O. Felsenfeld. 1974. Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis outbreak inCovington, Louisiana, in August 1972. Am. J. Epidemiol. 100:316-323.


02出典:
Bean, N. H., E. K. Maloney, M. E. Potter, P. Korazemo, B. Ray, J. P. Taylor, S. Seigler,and J. Snowden. 1988. Crayfish: a newly recognized vehicle for Vibrioinfections. Epidemiol. Infect. 121:269-273.


02出典:
CDC. 1999. Outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection associated with eating raw oystersand clams harvested from Long Island Sound - Connecticut, New Jersey and New York, 1998.MMWR 58:48-51.


02出典:
Colwell, R. R. e. a. 1974. Vibrio parahaemolyticus-taxonomy, ecology and pathogenicity,International Symposium on Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Saikon Publishing Company, Tokyo.


02出典:
Committee on Animal Origin Foods Food Sanitation Investigation Council, J. 2000.Report on preventive measures for Vibrio parahaemolyticus foodborne infections.


02出典:
Cook, D. W., and A. D. Ruple. 1992. Cold storage and mild heat treatment as processing aidsto reduce the numbers of Vibrio vulnificus in raw oysters. J. Food Protect. 55:985-989.


02出典:
Dadisman, T. A., Jr., R. Nelson, J. R. Molenda, and H. J. Garber. 1972. Vibrioparahaemolyticus gastroenteritis in Maryland. I. Clinical and epidemiologic aspects. Am. J.Epidemiol. 96:414-418.


02出典:
Daniels, N. A., L. MacKinnon, R. Bishop, S. Altekruse, B. Ray, R.M. Hammond, S.Thompson, S. Wilson, N. H. Bean, P. M. Griffin, and L. Slutsker. 2000. Vibrioparahaemolyticus infections in the United States, 1973-1998. J. Infect. Dis. 181:1661-1666.


02出典:
FDA, U. S. 2001. Draft risk assessment on the public health impact of Vibrioparahaemolyticus in raw molluscan shellfish.


02出典:
Fujino, T., Y. Okuno, D. Nakada, A. Aoyoma, K. Fukai, T. Mukai, and T. Ueho. 1953. Onthe bacteriological examination of shirasu food poisoning. Med. J. Osaka Univ. 4:299-304.


02出典:
Hally, R. J., R. A. Rubin, H. S. Fraimow, and M. L. Hoffman-Terry. 1995. Fatal Vibrioparahaemolyticus septicemia in a patient with cirrhosis: a case report and review of theliterature. Dig. Dis. Sci. 40:1257-1260.


02出典:
Honda, T., M. Shimizu, Y. Takeda, and T. Miwatani. 1976. Isolation of a factor causingmorphological changes of Chinese hamster ovary cells from the culture filtrate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Infect. Immun. 14:1028-1033.


02出典:
Inaba, Y. 1978. Presented at the Gastrointestinal infection in Southeast Asia (III). Proceedingof the 5th SEAMIC Seminar, Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health,Tokyo.


02出典:
Khuharat, S. 1998. Foodborne disease outbreak in a group of students attended at a university for training course, Nonthaburi Province September 1996. 29:477-493.


02出典:
Klontz, K. C. 1990. Fatalities associated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio choleraenon-O1 infections in Florida (1981-1988). So. Med. J. 83:500-502.


02出典:
Kumazawa, e. a. 1999. Geographical features of estuaries for neritid gastropods includingClithon retropictus to preserve thermostable direct hemolysin-producing Vibrioparahaemolyticus. J. Vet. Med. Csi. 61:721-724.


02出典:
Lawrence, D. N., P. A. Blake, J. C. Yashuk, J. G. Wells, W. B. Creech, and J. H. Hughes.1979. Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis outbreaks aboard two cruise ships. Am. J.Epidemiol. 109:71-80.


02出典:
Lowry, P. W., L. M. McFarland, B. H. Peltier, N. C. Roberts, H. B. Bradford, J. L.Herndon, D. F. Stroup, J. B. Mathison, P. A. Blake, and R. A. Gunn. 1989. Vibriogastroenteritis in Louisiana: A prospective study among attendees of a scientific congress inNew Orleans. J. Infect. Dis. 160:978-984.


02出典:
Matsumoto, C., A. Chowdhury, J. Okuda, M. Nishibuchi, M. Ishibashi, M. Iwanaga, J.Albert, P. Garg, T. Ramamurthy, V. Vuddhakul, H.-C. Wong, Y. B. Kim, and A. DePaola.1999. Isolation and analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains responsible for a pandemicspread to seven Asian countries and the United States. Presented at the 35th U.S. JapanCholera and other Bacterial Infections Joint Panel Meeting, Baltimore, MD.


02出典:
Miyamoto, Y., T. Kato, Y. Obara, S. Akiyama, K. Takizawa, and S. Yamai. 1969. In vitrohemolytic characteristic of Vibrio parahaemolyticus: its close correlation with humanpathogenicity. J. Bacteriol. 100:1147-1149.


02出典:
Nettip, N., Suthienkul O, Eampokalap, B, et al. 1992. Presented at the XIIIth InternationalCongress for tropical Medicine and Malaria, , Ambassador Hotel, Jomtien, Pattaya, Thailand,29 November-4 December, 1992.


02出典:
Ogawa, H., H. Tokunou, T. Kishimoto, S. Fukuda, K. Umemura, and M. Takata. 1989.Ecology of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Hiroshima Bay. Hiroshima J. Vet. Med. 4:47-57.


02出典:
Okabe, S. 1974. Statistical review of food poisoning in Japan especially that by Vibrioparahaemolyticus., p. 5-8. In G. S. T. Fujino, R. Sakazaki, and Y. Takeda (ed.), Internationalsymposium on Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Saikon Publishing Company, Tokyo.


02出典:
Okuda, J., M. Ishibashi, E. Hayakawa, T. Nishino, Y. Takeda, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, S.Garg, S. K. Bhattacharya, G. B. Nair, and M. Nishibuchi. 1997. Emergence of a uniqueO3:K6 clone of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Calcutta, India, and isolation of strains from thesame clonal group from Southeast Asian travelers arriving in Japan. J. Clin. Microbiol.35:3150-3155.


02出典:
Okuda, J., M. Ishibashi, S.L. Abbott, J. M. Janda, and M. Nishibuchi. 1997a. Analysis ofthe thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene and the tdh-related hemolysin (trh) genes inurease-positive strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated on the west coast of the UnitedStates. J.Clin.Microbiol. 35:1965-1971.


02出典:
Pumiprapat, J., Suthienkul, O, Siripanichagon, K, et al. 1993. Presented at the WorldCongress on Tourist Medicine and Health,, The Mandarin Hotel, Singapore., 10-15 January,1993.


02出典:
Sarkar, B. L., G. B. Nair, A. K. Banerjee, and S. C. Pal. 1985. Seasonal distribution ofVibrio parahaemolyticus in freshwater environs and in association with freshwater fishes inCalcutta. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 49:132-136.


02出典:
Sumner, e. a. 2001. Hazard identification, exposure assessment and hazard characterization ofVibrio spp. in seafood. FAO/WHO.


02出典:
Suthienkul, O. 2000. Situation of food microbial and public health. Thai J. Epidemiol. 8:134-151.


02出典:
Suthienkul, O., Ishibashi, M, Iida, T, et al. 1995. Urease production correlates withpossession of the trh gene in Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated in Thailand. J. Infect.Dis. 172:1405-1408.


02出典:
Suthienkul, O., Kowcachaporn, P., Kachornchaiyakul, S., et al. 1998. Detection ofenteropathogens in frozen food by DNA hybrization and PCR. Final Report. MahidolUniversity.


02出典:
Suthienkul, O., Punchitton, S., Pongrapeeporn, K., et al. 2001b. Rapid detection of Vibrioparahaemolyticus and hemolysin genes in frozen shrimp samples by nested PCR. Final Report.National Research Council Of Thailand.


02出典:
Tamura, N., S. Kobayashi, H. Hashimoto, and S.-I. Hirose. 1993. Reactive arthritis inducedby Vibrio parahaemolyticus. J. Rheumatol. 20:1062-1063.


02出典:
Tangkranakul, e. a. 2000. Food poisoning outbreak from gastroenteritis from contaminatedfish-balls. J. Med. Assoc. Thai 83:1289-1295.


02出典:
USDHHS Public Health Services. 1995. National Shellfish Sanitation Program Manual ofOperations: Part 1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,, Washington, DC


02出典:
Vuddhakul, V., Chowdhury, A., Laohaprertthisan, V., et al. 2000. Isolation of a pandemic03:K6 clone of a Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain from environmental and clinical sources inThailand. Appl Environ Microbiology 66:2685-2689.


02出典:
Zorn, D. 2002. Economic Burden of Foodborne Illness from Vibrio parahaemolyticus in theUnited States. FDA/CFSAN.


02出典:
Cook, D.W., P.O’Leary, J.C. Hunsucker, E.M. Sloan, J.C. Bowers, R.J. Blodgett, and A.Depaola. 2002, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in U.S. shell oysters: A nationalsurvey from June 1998 to July 1999. J. Food Prot. 65: 79-87.


02出典:
Anonymous, 1999. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Japan 1996-1998, IASR Infectious AgentsSurveillance Report. 20 (7): 1-2.


02出典:
Abe K., H. Shiratori, K. Uno, and T. Watanabe. 2000. The Presumption of ClinicalSymptoms due to Causative Organisms (Bacteria and SRSV) from Reparation for the Damageby Food Poisoning in Japan. Miyagiken Hokenkankyou Sentah Nenpou. 18: 34-38. (Annualreport of the Miyagi Prefectural Health and Environment Center)


02出典:
Aarts, H., Paulussen, Th., Willemse, G., Schaalma, H., Bolman, C., and de Nooyer, J., 1997.Preventie van hart- en vaatziekten: een review van internationaal effectonderzoek naarrookpreventie onder jongeren. Nederlandse Hartstichting/NIGZ/Universiteit vanMaastricht, Den Haag/Woerden/Maastricht.


02出典:
Ahmed, N.M., Conner, D.E., and Huffman, D.L., 1995. Heat-resistance of Escherichia coliO157:H7 in meat and poultry as affected by product composition. Journal of FoodScience 60: 606-610.


02出典:
Anonymus, 1998. E. coli O:157, een potentiele bedreiging van de voedselveiligheid; dehuidige stand van zaken. Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde 123 : 444-445.


02出典:
Armstrong, G.L., Hollingsworth, J., and Morris Jr., J.G., 1996. Emerging foodbornepathogens: Escherichia coli O157:H7 as a model of entry of a new pathogen into thefood supply of the developed world. Epidemiologic Reviews 18: 29-51.


02出典:
Augustin, J.C., Brouillaud-Delattre, A., Rosso, L., and Carlier, V., 2000. Significance ofinoculum size in the lag time of Listeria monocytogenes. Appl Environ Microbiol 66:1706-10.


02出典:
Bacon, R.T., Belk, K.E., Sofos, J.N., Clayton, R.P., Reagan, J.O., and Smith, G.C., 2000.Microbial populations on animal hides and beef carcasses at different stages ofslaughter in plants employing multiple-sequential interventions for decontamination. JFood Prot 63: 1080-6


02出典:
Baranyi, J., 1998. Comparison of stochastic and deterministic concepts of bacterial lag.Journal of theoretical biology 192: 403-408.


02出典:
Bell, B.P., Goldoft, M., Griffin, P.M., Davis, M.A., Gordon, D.C., Tarr, P.I., Bartleson, C.A.,Lewis, J.H., Barrett, T.J., Wells, J.G., et al., 1994. A multistate outbreak ofEscherichia coli O157:H7-associated bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndromefrom hamburgers. The Washington experience. JAMA 272: 1349-53.


02出典:
Bell, R.G., 1997. Distribution and sources of microbial contamination on beef carcasses.Journal of Applied Microbiology 82: 292-300.


02出典:
Bemrah, N., Sanaa, M., Cassin, M.H., Griffiths, M.W., and Cerf, O., 1998. Quantitative riskassessment of human listeriosis from consumption of soft cheese made from rawmilk. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 37: 129-145.


02出典:
Brown, C.A., Harmon, B.G., Zhao, T., and Doyle, M.P., 1997. Experimental Escherichia coliO157:H7 carriage in calves. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63: 27-32.


02出典:
Brug, J., Riedstra, M., van der Feen de Lille, J.C.J.F., Pruyn, J.F.A., and Aarnink, E.J.M.,1993. Drie jaar landelijke Let op Vet campagne. TNO


02出典:
Buchanan, R.L. and Klawitter, L.A., 1992. The effect of incubation temperature, initial pHand sodium chloride on the growth kinetics of Escherichia coli O157:H7. FoodMicrobiology 9: 185-196.


02出典:
Buchanan, R.L. and Bagi, L.K., 1994. Expansion of response surface models for the growthof Escherichia coli O157:H7 to include sodium nitrite as a variable. InternationalJournal of Food Microbiology 23: 317-332.


02出典:
Calicioglu, M., Buege, D.R., Ingham, S.C., and Luchansky, J.B., 1999. Recovery ofEscherichia coli Biotype I and Enterococcus spp. during refrigerated storage of beefcarcasses inoculated with a fecal slurry. J Food Prot 62: 944-7.


02出典:
Cassin, M.H., Lammerding, A.M., Todd, E.C.D., Ross, W., and McColl, R.S., 1998.Quantitative risk assessment for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beefhamburgers. International Journal of Food Microbiology 41: 21-44.


02出典:
CBS, 2000. Statistisch Jaarboek 2000. Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek,Voorburg/Heerlen.


02出典:
Chapman, P.A., Siddons, C.A., Wright, D.J., Norman, P., Fox, J., and Crick, E., 1993. Cattleas a possible source of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 infections inman. Epidemiol. Infect. 111: 439-447.


02出典:
CODEX Alimentarius Commission, 1998. Proposed Draft Principles and Guidelines for theconduct of microbial risk assessment. Codex Committe on Food Hygiene (CX/FH98/2), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World HealthOrganization, Rome, Italy.


02出典:
Coleman, P., Ebel E, Powell M, Roberts T, and Schlosser W, 1998. Preliminary pathwaysand data for a risk assessment of E. coli O157:H7 in Beef. FSIS, Washington.


02出典:
Cooke, R.M., 1991. Experts in uncertainty: opinion and subjective probability in science .Oxford University Press , New York.


02出典:
Cray, W.C. and Moon, H.W., 1995. Experimental infection of Calves and adult cattle withEscherichi coli O157:H7. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61: 1586-1590.


02出典:
Damoiseaux, V. and Kok, G., 1993. De planning van gezondheidseducatieve interventies.Damoiseaux, V. et al. Gezondheidsvoorlichting en gedragsverandering. 75-89 vanGorcum, Assen.


02出典:
Daube, G. and Wauters, W., 1998. O157 enterohemorrhagic E. coli in raw beef minced meat"Filet americain" in Belgium. Collection from participating members states ofinformation on methodology and data to underpin a process for microbiological riskassessment at the European level (SCOOP).


02出典:
De Bodt, E., 2000. PhD study Marije Schouten, database provided by Esther de Bodt at april7, 2000.


02出典:
De Boer, E., Bredie, W.L.P., and Jansen, W.H., 1992. Screening van vlees op deaanwezigheid van Escherichia coli O157:H7 met de 3M Petrifilm Test Kit-HEC. DeWare(n)-Chemicus 22: 186-188.


02出典:
De Boer, E., Van Heerwaarden, C., and Edel, W., 1994. Onderzoek van faeces vanslachtrunderen op de aanwezigheid van Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7.Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde 119: 36-37.


02出典:
De Boer, E., Zwartkruis, J.T.M., and Heuvelink, A.E., 1996. E. coli O157:H7 extra reden omvlees grondig te verhitten. Voedingsmiddelentechnologie 14/15: 20-21.


02出典:
De Boer, E., Zwartkruis, A., and Van den Biggelaar, C., 1997. Salmonella en Escherichia coliO157 in onverhit vlees. De Ware(n)-Chemicus 27: 115-118.


02出典:
Diez-Gonzalez, F., Callaway, T.R., Kizoulis, M.G., and Russell, J.B., 1998. Grain feedingand the dissemination of acid-resistant Escherichia coli from cattle. Science 281:1666-8.


02出典:
Donkersgoed, J.v., Jericho, K.W.F., Grogan, H., and Thorlackson, B., 1997. Preslaughterhide status of cattle and the microbiology of carcasses. Journal of Food Protection 60:1502-1508.


02出典:
Doyle, M.P. and Schoeni, J.L., 1984. Survival and growth characteristics of Escherichia coliassociated with hemorrhagic colitis. Appl Environ Microbiol 48: 855-6.


02出典:
Finelli, L., Crayne, E., Dalley, E., Pilot, K., and Spitalny, K.C., 1995. Enhanced detection ofsporadic Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections - New Yersey, July 1994. Morbidityand Mortality Weekly Report 44: 417-418.


02出典:
Gannon, V.P.J., 1999. Control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 at slaughter. Stewart CS and FlintHJ, editors. Escherichia coli O157 in farm animals. 169-193 CABI Publishing, Oxon UK.


02出典:
Gilks, W.R., Richardson, S., and Spiegelhalter, D.J., 1996. Markov Chain Monte Carlo inpractice. Chapman and Hall, London.


02出典:
Gill, C.O., McGinnis, J.C., and Badoni, M., 1996. Use of total or Escherichia coli counts to assess the hygienic characteristics of a beef carcass dressing process. InternationalJournal of Food Microbiology 31: 181-196.


02出典:
Gill CO, McGinnis JC, and Bryant J, 1998. Microbial contamination of meat during theskinning of beef carcass hindquarters at three slaughtering plants. InternationalJournal of Food Microbiology 42: 175-184.


02出典:
Griffin, P.M., 1995. Symposium new and emerging pathogens II: Escherichia coli O157:H7 -Beyond the burger. Abstracts of the 35th interscience conference on antimicrobialagents and chemotherapy. page 355 American Society for Microbiology, WashingtonDC.


02出典:
Haas, C.N., 1983. Estimation of risk due to low doses of microorganisms: a comparison ofalternative methodologies. Am J Epidemiol 118: 573-82.


02出典:
Haas, C.N., Thayyar-Madabusi, A., Rose, J.B., and Gerba, C.P., 2000. Development of adose-response relationship for Escherichia coli O157:H7. Int J Food Microbiol 56:153-9.


02出典:
Hancock, D.D., Besser, T.E., and Rice, D.H., 1998. Ecology of Escherichia coli O157:H7 incattle and impact of management practices. Kaper, JB and O'Brien, AD, editors.Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other shiga toxin-producing E. coli strains. 85-91ASM Press, Washington, D.C.


02出典:
Harmon, B.G., Brown, C.A., Tkalcic, S., Mueller, P.O.E., Parks, A., Jain, A.V., Zhao, T., andDoyle, M.P., 1999. Faecal shedding and rumen growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7in fasted calves. Journal of Food Protection 62: 574-579.


02出典:
Havelaar, A.H., Evers, E.G., Nauta, M.J., Schijven, J.F., and Takumi, K., 2000. Modelleringvan de risico's van blootstelling aan pathogene micro-organismen via voedsel, dierenen water, een definitiestudie. RIVM report 257851 002 (in dutch), RIVM, Bilthoven.


02出典:
Havelaar, A.H., Van Duynhoven, Y.T.H.P., Nauta, M.J., Heuvelink, A.E., De Wit, G.A., andNieuwenhuizen, M.G.M., 2001. Disease burden in the Netherlands due to infectionwith Shiga-toxin producing Echerichia coli O157. RIVM report 284550 019, RIVM,Bilthoven.


02出典:
Hazebroek, A.J., 1997. Effectevaluatie van de campagne “goede voeding, wat let je?”.Resultaten nulmeting. GGD Zuidoost-Brabant, Valkenswaard.


02出典:
Hazebroek, A.J., 1999. Effectevaluatie van de campagne “goede voeding, wat let je?”.Resultaten tussenmeting. GGD Zuidoost-Brabant, Valkenswaard.


02出典:
Hemel, A., Hoff, G., ter Hofstede, F., and Schut, W., 1994a. Evaluatie let op vet campagne’94. Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen.


02出典:
Hemel, A., Hoff, G., ter Hofstede, F., and Schut, W., 1994b. Evaluatie let op vet campagne’94. Bijlagen bij het rapport. Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen.


02出典:
Herbes, R.G., Nieuwenhuijs, J.H.M., and Komijn, R.E., 1999. Zoonosen enzoonoseverwekkers Nederland. Ministerie van VWS en LNV, Den Haag.


02出典:
Heuvelink, A., Schulten, S., Hoenderken, R., Bijker, P., and De Boer, E., 1996.Verocytotoxine-producerende Escherichia coli O157 bij Nederlandse vleeskalverenen slachtrunderen. Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde 121 : 642-646.


02出典:
Heuvelink, A.E., De Boer, E., and Wernars, K., 1994. Detectie van Escherichia coli O157:H7uit rauwe rundvleesprodukten met behulp van een polymerase chain reaction. DeWare(n)-Chemicus 24: 25-43.


02出典:
Heuvelink, A.E., Wernars, K., and De Boer, E., 1996. Occurrence of Escherichia coli O157and other verocytotoxin-producing E. coli in retail raw meats in The Netherlands.Journal of Food Protection 59: 1267-1272.


02出典:
Heuvelink, A.E., Van den Biggelaar, F.L.A.M., De Boer, E., Herbes, R.G., Melchers, W.J.G.,Huis in't Veld, J.H.J., and Monnens, L.A.H., 1998a. Isolation and characterisation ofverocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 strains from dutch cattle and sheep. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36: 878-882.


02出典:
Heuvelink, A.E., Van den Biggelaar, F.L.A.M., Zwartkruis-Nahuis, J.T.M., Herbes, R.G.,Huyben, R., Nagelkerke, N., Melchers, W.J.G., Monnens, L.A.H., and De Boer, E.,1998b. Occurrence of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 on Dutch dairyfarms. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36: 3480-3487.


02出典:
Heuvelink, A.E., Zwartkruis-Nahuis, J.T.M., Beumer, R.R., and De Boer, E., 1999a.Occurrence and survival of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 in meatsobtained from retail outlets in The Netherlands. Journal of Food Protection 62: 1115-1122.


02出典:
Heuvelink, A.E., Tilburg, J.J.H.C., Voogt, N., van Pelt, W., van Leeuwen, W.J., Sturm,J.M.J., and van de Giessen, A.W., 1999b. Surveillance van bacterielezoonoseverwekkers bij landbouwhuisdieren. Periode april 1997 tot en met maart1998. RIVM report 285859009 (in dutch): RIVM, Bilthoven.


02出典:
Heuvelink, A.E., 2000a. pers. comm. dd. february 18, 2000.


02出典:
Heuvelink, A.E., 2000b. Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in humans and the foodchain. Nijmegen.


02出典:
Heuvelink, A.E., 2000c. Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in humans and the foodchain, Chapter 1. Nijmegen.


02出典:
Heuvelink, A.E., 2000d. Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in humans and the foodchain, Chapter 10. Nijmegen.


02出典:
Heuvelink, A.E., 2000e. Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in humans and the foodchain, Chapter 4. Nijmegen.


02出典:
Heuvelink, A.E., 2000f. Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in humans and the foodchain, Chapter 6. Nijmegen.


02出典:
Heuvelink, A.E., 2000g. Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in humans and the foodchain, Chapter 8. Nijmegen.


02出典:
Heuvelink, A.E., Roessink, G., Bosboom, K., and De Boer, E., 2001. Zero-tolerance forfaecal contamination of carcasses as a tool in the control of O157 VTEC infections.Int. J. Food Microbiol. 66: 13-20.


02出典:
Jackson, T.C., Hardin, M.D., and Acuff, G.R., 1996. Heat resistance of Escherichia coliO157:H7 in a nutrient medium and in ground beef patties as influenced by storage andholding temperatures. Journal of Food Protection 59: 230-237.


02出典:
Jordan, D. and McEwen, S.A., 1998. Effect of duration of fasting and a short-term highroughage ration on the concentration of Escherichia coli biotype 1 in cattle feces. JFood Prot 61: 531-4.


02出典:
Juneja, V.K., Snyder, O.P., Williams, A.C., and Marmer, B.S., 1997. Thermal destruction ofEscherichia coli O157:H7 in Hamburger. Journal of Food Protection 60: 1163-1166.


02出典:
Kistemaker, C., Bouman, M., and Hulshof, K.F.A.M., 1998. De consumptie van afzonderlijkeproducten door Nederlandse bevolkingsgroepen - Voedselconsumptiepeiling 1997-1998. TNO-rapport V98.812 (in dutch): TNO Voeding.


02出典:
Line, J.E., Fain jr., A.R., Moran, A.B., Marten, L.M., Lechowich, R.V., Carosella, J.M., andBrown, W.L., 1991. Lethality of Heat to Escherichia coli O157:H7: D-value and zvaluedeterminations in ground beef. Journal of Food Protection 54: 762-766.


02出典:
Meyer, M.A. and Booker, J.M., 1991. Eliciting and analyzing expert judgement. A practical guide. Academic press, London.


02出典:
Midgley, J., Fegan, N., and Desmarchelier, P., 1999. Dynamics of Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli (STEC) in feedlot cattle. Lett Appl Microbiol 29: 85-9.


02出典:
Morgan, M. and Henrion, M., 1990. Uncertainty : a guide to dealing with uncertainty inquantitative risk and policy analysis . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.


02出典:
Nauta, M.J. and Dufrenne, J.B., 1999. Variability in growth characteristics of different E.coliO157:H7 isolates and its implications for predictive microbiology. QuantitativeMicrobiology 1: 137-155.


02出典:
Nauta, M.J., Van de Giessen, A.W., and Henken, A.M., 2000. A model for evaluatingintervention strategies to control salmonella in the poultry meat production chain.Epidemiology and Infection 124: 365-373.


02出典:
Nauta, M.J., 2001a. Modelling bacterial growth in quantitative microbiological riskassessment: Is it possible? International Journal of Food Microbiology in press.


02出典:
Calik, H., Morrissey, M.T., Reno, P.W. & An H. 2002. Effect of high pressure processing on Vibrioparahaemolyticus strains in oysters. Journal of Food Science, 67: 1506-1510.


02出典:
Nauta, M.J., 2001b. A modular process risk model structure for quantitative microbiologicalrisk assessment and its application in an exposure assessment of Bacillus cereus in aREPFED. RIVM report 149106007, RIVM, Bilthoven.


02出典:
Cook, D. W., and A. D. Ruple. 1992. Cold storage and mild heat treatment as processing aids toreduce the numbers of Vibrio vulnificus in raw oysters. Journal of Food Protection, 55:985-989.


02出典:
Padhye, N.V. and Doyle, M.P., 1991. Rapid procedure for detecting enterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli O157:H7 in food. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 57:2693-2698.


02出典:
Cook, D. W., and A. D. Ruple. 1989. Indicator bacteria and Vibrionaceae multiplication in postharvestshellstock oysters. Journal of Food Protection, 52:343-349.


02出典:
Peto, S., 1953. A dose-response equation for the invasion of micro-organisms. Biometrics 9:320.


02出典:
Cook, D. W. 1999. Effect of heat and freezing treatment on Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6.Unpublished data.


02出典:
Powell, M.R., Ebel, E., Schlosser, W., Walderhaug, M., and Kause, J., 2000. Dose-Responseenvelope for Escherichia coli O157:H7. Quantitative Microbiology 2: 141-163.


02出典:
Eyles, M. J., and G. R. Davey. 1984. Microbiology of commercial depuration of the Sydney rockoyster, Crassostrea commercialis. Journal of Food Protection, 47:703-706.


02出典:
Gooch, J. A., A. DePaola, C. A. Kaysner, and D. L. Marshall. 1999. Postharvest growth and survivalof Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters stored at 26° C and 3° C. Abstracts of the 99th GeneralMeeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Abstract # P52.:521.


02出典:
Presser, K.A., Ratkowsky, D.A., and Ross, T., 1997. Modelling the growth rate ofEscherichia coli as a function of pH and lactic acid concentration. Appl EnvironMicrobiol 63: 2355-60.


02出典:
Greenberg, E. P., and M. Duboise. 1981. Persistence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyiin hardshell clams. Abstracts of the 81st General Meeting of the American Society forMicrobiology, Abstract No. Q93.:216.


02出典:
PVE, 2001. www.pve.nl. Productboards of Poultry Meat and Eggs. August 2001


02出典:
Johnson, H. C., and J. Liston 1973. Sensitivity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to cold in oysters, fishfillets and crabmeat. Journal of Food Science, 38:437-441.


02出典:
PVE and Voorlichtingsbureau Vlees, 2000. Vlees, cijfers en trends 1999. Marktverkenningover het consumptiegedrag in een dynamische samenleving. Rijswijk.


02出典:
Reinders, R.D., Bijker, P.G.H., and Fledderus, A., 1997a. Het voorkomen vanverocytotoxinogene Escherichia coli in mest van vleeskalveren in de periode van julit/m november 1996. VVDO, Utrecht.


02出典:
Johnson, W. G., Jr., A. C. Salinger, and W. C. King. 1973. Survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus inoyster shellstock at two different storage temperatures. Applied Microbiology, 26:122-123.


02出典:
Reinders, R.D., Bijker, P.G.H., and Fledderus, A., 1997b. Risk factors for the presence ofverocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in the faeces of veal calves in theNetherlands; preliminary results. World Congress on Food Hygiene. p. 198.


02出典:
Motes, M.L. and DePaola, A. 1996. Offshore suspension relaying to reduce levels of Vibrio vulnificusin oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 62, 3875-3877.


02出典:
Reinders, R.D. and Bijker, P.G.H., 1999. (Keten)beheersing van Verocytotoxinenproducerende Escherichia coli O157 (VTEC O157) in de Nederlandse rundveestapel. VVDO, Utrecht.


02出典:
Richards, G. P. 1988. Microbial purification of shellfish: A review of depuration and relaying. J. FoodProtect. 51:218-251.


02出典:
Reinders, R.D., 2000. personal communication, april 5, 2000.


02出典:
Son, N. T., and G. H. Fleet. 1980. Behaviour of pathogenic bacteria in the oyster, Crassostreacommercialis, during depuration, re-laying, and storage. Applied and EnvironmentalMicrobiology, 40:994-1002.


02出典:
Reinders, R.D., Evers, E.G., de Jonge, R., and van Leusden, F.M., 2001. Variation in thenumbers of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 in minced beef. RIVMreport 149106009, RIVM, Bilthoven (in press).


02出典:
Roessink, G.L. and Bosboom, K., 1999. De landelijke actie "Nul-tolerantie faecalecontaminatie bij het slachten van runderen en kalveren". Inspectie W&V, Dienst Oost, Zutphen


02出典:
Shere, J.A., Bartlett, K.J., and Kaspar, C.W., 1998. Longitudinal study of Escherichia coliO157:H7 dissemination on four dairy farms in Wisconsin. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64: 1390-1399.


02出典:
Shinagawa, K., 1997. Correspondence and problem for Enterohemorrhagic E.coli O157outbreak in Morioka city, Iwate. Koshu Eisei Kenkyu 46: 104-112.


02出典:
Teunis, P.F. and Havelaar, A.H., 2000. The beta poisson dose-response model is not a singlehit model. Risk Anal 20: 513-20.


02出典:
Teunis, P.F.M., Van der Heijden, O.G., Van der Giessen, J.W.B., and Havelaar, A.H., 1996.The dose-response relation in human volunteers for gastro-intestinal pathogens.RIVM Report nr. 284550002: National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven.


02出典:
USDA, 1994. Nationwide beef microbiological baseline data collection program: steers andheifers. October 1992-September 1993. Microbiology Division, FSIS, U.S.Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.


02出典:
USDA, 1998. Pathogen Modeling Program, version 5.1.


02出典:
Van de Giessen, A.W., 1998. Resultaten monitoring van zoonosenverwekkers bijlandbouwhuisdieren 1998.


02出典:
Van de Giessen, A.W., 1999. Resultaten monitoring van zoonosenverwekkers bijlandbouwhuisdieren 1999.


02出典:
Dalsgaard, A. 1998. The occurrence of human pathogenic Vibrio spp. and Salmonella in aquaculture. InternationalJournal of Food Science and Technology, 33: 127-138.


02出典:
DePaola, A., C.A. Kaysner, J.C. Bowers, and D.W. Cook. 2000. Environmental investigations of Vibrioparahaemolyticus in oysters following outbreaks in Washington, Texas, and New York (1997, 1998). Applied andEnvironmental Microbiology, 66: 4649-4654.


02出典:
Desmarchelier, P.M. 1997. Pathogenic Vibrios. In A.D. Hocking, G. Arnold, I. Jenson, K. Newton and P.Sutherland, eds. Foodborne Microorganisms of Public Health Significance 5th Edition, p 285 -312. North Sydney,Australian Institute of Food Science and Technology Inc..


02出典:
Kraa, E. 1995. Surveillance and epidemiology of foodborne illness in NSW, Australia. Food Australia, 47(9): 418-423.


02出典:
Matsumoto, C., J. Okuda, M. Ishibashi, M. Iwanaga, P. Garg, T. Rammamurthy, H. Wong, A. DePaola, Y.B. Kim,M.J. Albert, and M. Nishibuchi. 2000. Pandemic spread of an O3:K6 clone of Vibrio parahaemolyticus andemergence of related strains evidenced by arbitrarily primed PCR and toxRS sequence analysis. Journal ofClinical Microbiology, 38: 578-585.


02出典:
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan 2000. Statistics of Food Poisoning Japan in 2000.


02出典:
Oliver, J. D. 1989. Vibrio vulnificus. In M. P. Doyle, ed.. Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens, p569-600. New York,Marcel Decker, Inc..


02出典:
Oliver, J. D., and Kaper, J.B. 1997. Vibrio Species. In M. P. Doyle, L. R. Beuchat, and T. J. Montville, eds. FoodMicrobiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers, p228-264. Washington, D.C., ASM Press.


02出典:
Twedt, R. M. 1989. Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In M. P. Doyle, ed. Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens, p543-568. NewYork, Marcel Decker, Inc..


02出典:
Wolfe, M. 1992. The effects of cholera on the importation of foods: Peru- a case study. PHLS Microbiology Digest,9: 42-44.


02出典:
Yamamot, S. 2001. Personal communication Vibrio vulnificus in Japan.


02出典:
Aiso K, Fujiwara K. 1963. Feeding tests of the pathogenic halophilic bacteria. Annual Research Report Institute ofFood Microbiology Chiba University, 15:34-38.


02出典:
Cash R.A., Music, S.I., Libonati, J.P., Snyder M.J., Wenzel, R.P. and Hornick, R.B. 1974. Response of man toinfection with Vibrio cholerae. I. Clinical, serologic, and bacteriologic responses to a known inoculum. Journal ofInfectious Disease, 129: 45-52.


02出典:
Levine, M.M., Kaper, J.B., Herrington, D., Losonsky, G., Morris, J.G., Clements, M.L., Black, R.E., Tall, B.D.and, Hall, R. 1988 Volunteer studies of deletion mutants of Vibrio cholerae O1 prepared by recombinanttechniques. Infection and Immunity, 56: 161-167.


02出典:
Sanyal, S.C., and Sen P.C. 1974. Human volunteer study on the pathogenicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In T.Fujino, G. Sakaguchi, R. Sakazaki, and Y. Takeda. eds. International Symposium on Vibrio parahaemolyticus. p.227-230. Tokyo, Saikon Publishing Company.


02出典:
Takikawa I. 1958. Studies on pathogenic halophilic bacteria. Yokohama Medical Bulletin, 9:313-322.


02出典:
Van de Giessen, A.W., 2000. Resultaten monitoring van zoonosenverwekkers bijlandbouwhuisdieren 2000.


02出典:
Van Heerwaarden, C. and De Boer, E., 1993. Isolatie van Escherichia coli O157:H7 uit vleesmet behulp van selectieve ophopings- en isolatiemedia. De Ware(n)-Chemicus 23: 261-269.


02出典:
Visser, G., Nieuwenhuijs, J.H.M., and Komijn, R.E., 1999. Report on trends and sources ofzoonotic agents. The Netherlands 1998. Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sport; Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries.


02出典:
Vleesinfo, 2001. guidelines ground meat storage voorlichtingsburo vlees. www.vleesinfo.nl.


02出典:
Voedingscentrum, 1996. NEVO-tabel. Nederlandse Voedingsstoffenbestand 1996. Den Haag.


02出典:
Voedingscentrum, 1999a. Campagneverslag 'Goede voeding, wat let je?' 1999. Den Haag.


02出典:
Voedingscentrum, 1999b. Hygienecode voor de prive-huishouding. Voedingscentrum, DenHaag.


02出典:
Voedingscentrum, 2000. Concept communicatieplan Campagne Eet en Woon - Veilig enSchoon 2000.


02出典:
Wallace, J.S., 1999. The Ecological Cycle of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Stewart, C. S. andFlint, H. J. Escherichia coli O157 in Farm Animals. 195-223 CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK.


02出典:
Walls, I. and Scott, V.N., 1996. Validation of predictive mathematical models describing thegrowth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in raw ground beef. Journal of Food Protection 59: 1331-1335.


02出典:
1. Application of Risk Analysis to Food Standards Issues. Report of a Joint FAO/WHOExpert Consultation. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1995. Unpublisheddocument (WHO/FNU/FOS/95.3; available on request from the Food Safety Programme,WHO, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland).


02出典:
2. Risk Management and Food Safety. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation,Rome, Italy, 1997. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, N°65.


02出典:
3. The Application of Risk Communication to Food Standards and Safety Matters. Report ofa Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation, Rome, Italy, 1998. FAO Food and Nutrition PaperN°70.


02出典:
4. Principles and Guidelines for the Conduct of Microbiological Risk Assessment. (CAC/GL30 - 1999).


02出典:
5. Report of the Twenty-Second Session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission. JointFAO/WHO Food Standards Programme. Geneva, 23-28 June 1997.


02出典:
6. Report of the Forty-Fifth Session of the Executive Committee of the Codex AlimentariusCommission. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme. Rome, 3-5 June 1998.


02出典:
7. Wachsmuth K. Salmonella enteritidis in Shell Eggs and Egg Products: A Risk Manager’sPerspective. Food Control. In press.


02出典:
8. Lammerding A. A Quantitative Risk Assessment Model for C. jejuni in Chicken. FoodControl. In press.


02出典:
Whiting, R.C. and Buchanan, R.L., 1997. Development of a quantitative risk assessmentmodel for Salmonella enteritidis in pasteurized liquid eggs. International Journal ofFood Microbiology 36: 111-125.


02出典:
Wolfram, S., 1999. The Mathematica Book. 4th ed. Wolfram Media/Cambridge UniversityPress, Cambridge.


02出典:
Zhao, T., Doyle, M.P., Shere, J., and Garber, L., 1995. Prevalence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a survey of dairy herds. Appl Environ Microbiol 61: 1290-3.


02出典:
Zhao, T., Doyle, M.P., Harmon, B.G., Brown, C.A., Mueller, P.O.E., and Parks, A.H., 1998.Reduction of carriage of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle byinoculation with probiotic bacteria. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36: 641-647.


02出典:
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS:VS:CEAH). 1994, March. Escherichia coli O157:H7 Issues and Ramifications. Ft. Collins, CO.


02出典:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2000. Escherichia coli O111:H8 outbreak among teenage campers.Texas, 1999. MMWR 49(15):321-324.


02出典:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2001. Surveillance for Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection. Summary of 1999 Data. Report from the National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases to CSTE. June 15, 2000.


02出典:
Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). August 18, 1998. Risk Assessment for E. coli O157:H7 in Beef and Ground Beef. Notice; Request for Comments and Public Meeting Notice. Federal Register 63(159):44232.


02出典:
Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). January 19, 1999. Beef Products Contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7. Federal Register 64(11):2803-2805.


02出典:
Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). February 24, 1999. Irradiation of Refrigerated or Frozen Uncooked Meat, Meat Byproducts, etc. Proposed Rule. Federal Register 64(36):9089-9105.


02出典:
Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). December 23, 1999. Irradiation of Meat Food Products. Final Rule. Federal Register 64(246):72149-72166.


02出典:
Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). February 11, 2000. Recent Developments Regarding Beef Products Contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7; Public Meeting. Notice of Public Meeting. Federal Register 65(29):6881-6886.


02出典:
Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). 1998. Revision 1 (9/3/1999) to Chapter 5, Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook, 3rd edition. (Available at: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPHS/microlab/mlgchpt5.htm).


02出典:
Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). 1999. USDA Urges Consumers to use Food Thermometer when Cooking Ground Beef Patties. (Available at: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OA/topics/gb.htm).


02出典:
Griffin, P.M. 1998. Epidemiology of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections in humans in the United States. In Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Other Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Strains, J.B. Kaper and A.D. O’Brien, eds. Washington, DC: ASM Press.


02出典:
Riley, L.W., R.S. Remis, S.D. Helgerson, H.B. McGee, J.G. Wells, B.R. Davis, R. J. Hebert, E.S. Olcott, L.M. Johnson, N.T. Hargrett, P.A. Blake, and M.L. Cohen. 1983. Hemorrhagic colitis associated with a rare Escherichia coli serotype. New Engl J Med 308:681-685.


02出典:
Roberts, T., J. Buzby, J. Lin, et al. 1998. Economic aspects of E. coli O157:H7: Disease outcome trees, risk, uncertainty, and the social cost of disease estimates. Pp. 155-172 in New and Resurgent Infections: Prediction, Detection and Management of Tomorrow’s Epidemics, B. Greenwood and K. DeCock, eds. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. Seventh Annual Public Health Forum. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


02出典:
Rowe, P.C., E. Orrbine, G.A. Well, P.N. McLaine, and members of the Canadian Pediatric Kidney Disease Reference Center. 1991. Epidemiology of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in Canadian children from 1986 to 1988. J Pediatr 119(2):218-224.


02出典:
Ryan, C.A., R.V. Tauxe, G.W. Hosek, J.G. Wells, P.A. Stoesz, H.W. McFadden Jr., P.W. Smith, G.F. Wright, and P.A. Blake. 1986. Escherichia coli O157:H7 diarrhea in a nursing home: clinical epidemiologic and pathological findings. J Infect Dis 154:631-638.


02出典:
Sargeant, J.M., J.R. Gillespie, R.D. Oberst, R.K. Phebus, D.R. Hyatt, L.K. Bohra, and J.C. Galland. 2000. Results of a longitudinal study of the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on cow-calf farms. J Am Vet Med Assoc 61(11):1375-1379.


02出典:
Siegler, R.L., A.T. Pavia, R.D. Christofferson, and M.K. Milligan. 1994. A 20-year population-based study of postdiarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome in Utah. Pediatrics 94:35-40.


02出典:
Su, C., and L.J. Brandt. 1995. Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in humans. Ann Intern Med 123:698-714.


02出典:
Swerdlow, D.L., and P.M. Griffin. 1997. Duration of faecal shedding of Escherichia coliO157:H7 among children in day-care centres [letter in commentary]. Lancet 347:745-746.


02出典:
Tarr, P.I., and R.O. Hickman. 1987. Hemolytic uremic syndrome epidemiology: A population-.based study in King County, Washington, 1971 to 1980. Pediatrics 80:41-45.


02出典:
Wang, G., and M.P. Doyle. 1998. Survival of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in water. J Food Prot 61(6):662-667.


02出典:
Wells, J.G., B.R. Davis, I.K. Wachsmuth, L.W. Riley, R.S. Remis, R. Sokolow, and G.K. Morris. 1983. Laboratory investigation of hemorrhagic colitis outbreaks associated with a rare Escherichia coli serotype. J Clin Microbiol 18(3):512-520.


02出典:
Wong, C.S., S. Jelacic, R.L. Habeeb, S.L. Watkins, and P.I. Tarr. 2000. The risk of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome after antibiotic treatment of E. coli O157:H7 infections. N Engl J Med 342(26):1930-1936.


02出典:
American Meat Institute Foundation (AMIF). 1996, December. Relative Ground Beef Contribution to the United States Beef Supply. Final Report. Washington, DC: American Meat Institute Foundation.


02出典:
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS:VS:CEAH). 1994, March. Escherichia coli O157:H7 Issues and Ramifications. Fort Collins, CO.


02出典:
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/National Animal Health Monitoring System (APHIS-VS-NAHMS). 1996, May. Part 1: Reference of 1996 Dairy Management Practices.


02出典:
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/National Animal Health Monitoring System (APHIS-VS-NAHMS). 1997, June. Part 1: Reference of 1997 Beef Cow-Calf Management Practices.


02出典:
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/National Animal Health Monitoring System (APHIS-VS-NAHMS). 1998, May. E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella-Status on U.S. Dairy Operations.


02出典:
Audits International. 1999. U.S. Cold Temperature Evaluation. Unpublished data.


02出典:
Bacon, R.T., J.N. Sofos, K.E. Belk, et al. 1999. Evaluation of Multiple-Hurdle Microbiological Interventions.To Include Pre-Evisceration Spray-Washing and Other Technologies.For Beef Carcass Decontamination. Final Report. Submitted to National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, March 3, 1999.


02出典:
Bacon, R.T., K.E. Belk, J.N. Sofos, et al. 2000. Incidence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Hide, Carcass and Beef Trimmings Samples Collected from United States Packing Plants. Presented at FSIS Public Meeting on E. coli O157:H7, February 29, 2000, Arlington, VA.


02出典:
Bailey, C., and R. Cox. 1976. The chilling of beef carcasses. Institutional Refrigeration Transport 72:76-90.


02出典:
Bell, R.G. 1997. Distribution and sources of microbial contamination on beef carcasses. J Appl Microbiol 82:292-300.


02出典:
Besser, T.E., D.D. Hancock, L.C. Pritchett, E.M. McRae, D.H. Rice, and P.I. Tarr. 1997. Duration of detection of fecal excretion of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle. J Infect Dis 175:726-729.


02出典:
Biela, T., Texas American Food Service. 1998. Personal communication.


02出典:
Brent, C.P. 1999. Analysis of the Menu Census Survey Supplement.Hamburger and Egg Preparation Diary and Hamburger Consumption Quiz.for Consumer Storage and Handling Behaviors associated with Ground Beef. Informational memorandum to Margaret Coleman through Betsey Kuhn, Director, Food and Rural Economics Division, Economic Research Service, Washington, DC.


02出典:
Brewer, B., Food Safety and Inspection Service (Washington, DC). February 1999. Personal communication.


02出典:
Buchanan, R., and L. Bagi. 1994. Expansion of response surface models for the growth of E. coli O157:H7 to include sodium nitrite as a variable. Int J Food Microbiol 23:317-332.


02出典:
Buchanan, R., and L. Bagi. 1997. Microbial competition: Effect of culture conditions on the suppression of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A by Carnobacterium piscicola. J Food Prot 60:254-261.


02出典:
Cassin, M.H., A.M. Lammerding, E.C. Todd, W. Ross, and R.S. McColl. 1998. Quantitative risk assessment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef hamburgers. Int J Food Microbiol 41:21-44.


02出典:
Charlebois, R., R. Trudel, and S. Messier. 1991. Surface contamination of beef carcasses by fecal coliforms. J Food Prot 54:950-956.


02出典:
Cornell Collaborative Project. April 1998. Prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 Pre-Slaughter/E. coli O157:H7 Associated Risk Factors. New York State Cull Cow Sub-Project. Final Report.


02出典:
Cray, W.C., and H.W. Moon. 1995. Experimental infection of calves and adult cattle with E. coli O157:H7. Appl Environ Microbiol 61:1586-1590.


02出典:
Cray, W.C., T.A. Casey, B.T. Bosworth, and M.A. Rasmussen. 1998. Effect of dietary stress on fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 in calves. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:1975-1979.


02出典:
D'Sa, E.M., M.A. Harrison, S.E. Williams, and M.H. Broccoli. 2000. Effectiveness of two cooking systems in destroying Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in ground beef patties. J Food Prot 63(7):894-899.


02出典:
Dargatz, D.A., S.J. Wells, L.A. Thomas, D. Hancock, and L.P. Garber. 1997. Factors associated with the presence of Escherichia coli O157 in feces in feedlot cattle. J Food Prot 60:466-470.


02出典:
Delazari, I., S.T. Iaria, H. Riemann, D.O. Cliver, and N. Jothikumar. 1998a. Removal of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from surface tissues of beef carcasses inoculated with wet and dry manure. J Food Prot 61(10):1265-1268.


02出典:
Delazari, I., S.T. Iaria, H.P. Riemann, D.O. Cliver, and T. Mori. 1998b. Decontaminating beef for Escherichia coli O157:H7. J Food Prot 61:547-550.


02出典:
Diez.Gonzalez, F., T.R. Callway, and M.G. Kizoulis. 1998. Grain feeding and the dissemination of acid resistant E. coli from cattle. Science 281:1666-1668.


02出典:
Dorsa, W. 1997. Review: New and established carcass decontamination procedures commonly used in the beef-processing industry. J Food Prot 60:1146-1151.


02出典:
Dorsa, W., C. Cutter, and G. Siragusa. 1997. Effects of acetic acid, lactic acid and trisodium phosphate on the microflora of refrigerated beef carcass surface tissue inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria Innocua, and Clostridium Sporogenes. J Food Prot 60:619-624.


02出典:
Duewer, L. 1998. Updated beef carcass-to-retail consumption conversion factor increases to 0.7. Livestock, Dairy and Poultry Situation and Outlook. LDP-M-51, ERS. Pages 11-12.


02出典:
Duffes, F., F. Leroi, P. Boyaval, and X. Dousset. 1999. Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by Carnobacterium spp. strains in a simulated cold smoked fish system stored at 4°C. Int J Food Microbiol 47:33-42.


02出典:
Elder, R.O., J.E. Keen, G.R. Siragusa, G.A. Barkocy-Gallagher, M. Koomaraie, and W.W. Laegreid. 2000. Correlation of enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157 prevalence in feces, hides, and carcasses of beef cattle during processing. Proc Natl Acad Sci 97(7):2999-3003.


02出典:
Farrell, B.L., A.B. Ronner, and A.C. Wong. 1998. Attachment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef to meat grinders and survival after sanitation with chlorine and peroxyacetic acid. J Food Prot 119:817-822.


02出典:
Federal Register. July 7, 1998. Technologies for the detection and reduction of pathogens to improve food safety. 63(129):36654-36655.


02出典:
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 1997. Food Code, 1997.Recommendations of the United States Public Health Service. National Technical Information Service PB97-133656.


02出典:
Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). 1994. Nationwide Beef Microbiological Baseline Data Collection Program: Steers and Heifers. October 1992.September 1993.


02出典:
Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). 1996. Directive #6350.1. Washington, DC.


02出典:
Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). 1998. Animal Disposition Reporting System. (Available at: www.fsis.usda.gov/ophs/adrsdata/).


02出典:
Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). 2000. Focus On Ground Beef. Consumer Education and Information. (Available at: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OA/pubs/focusgb.htm.)


02出典:
Galland, J.C. 1997. Risks and prevention of contamination of beef carcasses during the slaughter process in the United States of America. Contamination of animal products: Prevention and risks for public health. Reveu Scientifique et Technique, Office International Des Epizooties.


02出典:
Garber, L.P., S.J. Wells, D.D. Hancock, M.P. Doyle, J. Tuttle, J.A. Shere, and T. Zhao. 1995. Risk factors for fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dairy calves. J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:46-49.


02出典:
Garber, L., S. Wells, L. Schroeder.Tucker, and K. Ferris. 1999. Factors associated with the shedding of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 on dairy farms. J Food Prot 62(4):307-312.


02出典:
Getz, D., LeFiell Company (Omaha, NE). January 1999. Personal communication.


02出典:
Gill, C.O. 1979. Intrinsic bacteria in meat. J Appl Bacteriol 47:367-378.


02出典:
Gill, C.O. 1996. Cold storage temperature fluctuations and predicting microbial growth. J Food Prot 43-47.


02出典:
Gill, C.O. 1998. Apparatus for Pasteurizing Red Meat Carcasses. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Branch Technical Bulletin 1998-5E.


02出典:
Gill, C.O. 1999. HACCP by guesswork or by the numbers? Food Quality Jan/Feb:28-32.


02出典:
Gill, C.O., and M. Badoni. 1997. The hygienic and organoleptic qualities of ground beef prepared from manufacturing beef pasteurized by immersion in hot water. Meat Sci 46:67-75.


02出典:
Gill, C.O., and J. Bryant. 1997. Assessment of the hygienic performances of two beef carcass cooling processes from product temperature history data or enumeration of bacteria on carcass surfaces. Food Microbiol 14:593-602.


02出典:
Gill, C.O., M. Badoni, and T. Jones. 1996a. Hygienic effects of trimming and washing operations in a beef-carcass-dressing process. J Food Prot 59:666-669.


02出典:
Gill, C.O., J. McGinniss, and M. Badoni. 1996b. Assessment of the hygienic characteristics of a beef carcass dressing process. J Food Prot 59:136-140.


02出典:
Gill, C.O., M. Badoni, and J. McGinnis. 1999. Assessment of the adequacy of cleaning of equipment used for breaking beef carcasses. Int J Food Microbiol 46:1-8.


02出典:
Grau, F.H. 1987. Prevention of microbial contamination in the export beef abattoir. Pp. 221-233 in Elimination of Pathogenic Organisms from Meat and Poultry, F.J.M. Smulders, ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier Press.


02出典:
Grau, F.H., and P.B. Vanderlinde. 1992. Occurrence, numbers, and growth of Listeria monocytogenes on some vacuum-packaged processed meats. J Food Prot 55:4-7.


02出典:
Gyles, C. 1998. Vaccines and shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli in animals. Pp. 434-444 in Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Other Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Strains, J.B. Kaper and A.D. O’Brien, eds. Washington, DC: ASM Press.


02出典:
Haas, C., J. Rose, and J. Gerba. 1999. Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment. New York: John Wiley & Sons.


02出典:
Hancock, D. 2001. Personal communication. Ongoing research project in collaboration with FDA-CVM.


02出典:
Hancock, D.D., T.E. Besser, M.L. Kinsel, P.I. Tarr, D.H. Rice, and M.G. Paros. 1994. The prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 in dairy and beef cattle in Washington State. Epidemiol Infect 113:199-207.


02出典:
Hancock, D.D., D.H. Rice, L.A. Thomas, D.A. Dargatz, and T.E. Besser. 1997c. Epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157 in feedlot cattle. J Food Prot 60:462-465.


02出典:
Hancock, D., T. Besser, and D. Rice. 1998a. Ecology of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle and import of management practices. Pp. 85-91 in Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Other Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Strains, J.B. Kaper and A.D. O’Brien, eds. Washington, DC: ASM Press.


02出典:
Hancock, D.D., T.E. Besser, D.H. Rice, E.D. Ebel, D.E. Herriott, and L.V. Carpenter. 1998b. Multiple sources of Escherichia coli O157 in feedlots and dairy farms in the northwestern United States. Prev Vet Med 35:11-19.


02出典:
Hancock, D.D., D.H. Rice, and T.E. Besser. 1999. Prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in feedlot cattle at slaughter plants. Study funded by National Cattlemen’s Association. Washington State University.


02出典:
Hardin, M.G., L. Acuff, L.J. Oman, et al. 1995. Comparison of methods for contamination removal for beef carcass surfaces. J Food Prot 58:368-374.


02出典:
Herriot, D.E., D.D. Hancock, E.D. Ebel, L.V. Carpenter, D.H. Rice, and T.E. Besser. 1998. Association of herd management factors with colonization of dairy cattle by shiga toxin-positive E. coli O157. J Food Prot 61:802-807.


02出典:
Heuvelink, A.E., F.L. Van den Biggelaar, J. Zwartkruis.Nahuis, R.G. Herbes, R. Huyben, N. Nagelkerke, W.J. Melchers, L.A. Monnens, and E. de Boer. 1998. Occurrence of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 on Dutch dairy farms. J Clin Microbiol Dec:3480-3487.


02出典:
Jackson, T.C., M.D. Hardin, and G.R. Acuff. 1996. Heat resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a nutrient medium and in ground beef patties as influenced by storage and holding temperatures. J Food Prot 59:230-237.


02出典:
Jameson, J.F. 1962. A discussion of the dynamics of Salmonella enrichment. J Hygiene Cambridge, 60:193-207.


02出典:
Jordan, D. 1998. Pre-slaughter control of beef carcass contamination with Escherichia coli O157:H7: A risk assessment approach. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Guelph.


02出典:
Jordan, D., S. McEwen, A. Lammerding, W. McNab, and J. Wilson. 1999. Pre-slaughter control of Escherichia coli O157 in beef cattle: A simulation study. Prev Vet Med 41:55-74.


02出典:
Juneja, V.K., O.P. Snyder Jr., A.C. Williams, and B.S. Marmer. 1997. Thermal destruction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in hamburger. J Food Prot 60:1163-1166.


02出典:
Kastner, C. 1998. Research Highlights. Kansas State University Food Safety Consortium Annual Report.


02出典:
Kause, J. 2001. SAS Analysis of the 1994.1996, 1998 CSFII for Consumption of Ground Beef by Age and Location for the E. coli O157:H7 Risk Assessment. Informational memorandum to Wayne Schlosser through Carol Maczka, Director, Risk Assessment Branch, Office of Public Health and Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, USDA, Washington, DC.


02出典:
Labadie, J., P. Gouet, and J. Fourand. 1977. Blood poisonings at slaughter and their consequences. Zentralbl Bakteriol Parasitenkd Infectionskr Hyg Abt 1 Orig Reihe B 164:390-396.


02出典:
Lagreid, W.W., R.O. Elder, and J.E. Keen. 1999. Prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in range calves at weaning. Epidemiol Infect 123(2):291-298.


02出典:
Liu, M.N., and B.W. Berry. 1996. Variability in color, cooking times, and internal temperature of beef patties under controlled cooking conditions. J Food Prot 59:969-975.


02出典:
Martin, S.W., A.H. Meek, and P. Wilberg. 1987. Veterinary Epidemiology. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.


02出典:
McAloon, T., Cargill. March 1999. Personal communication.


02出典:
Mechie, S.C., P.A. Chapman, and C.A. Siddons. 1997. A fifteen month study of E. coli O157:H7 in a dairy herd. Epidemiol Infect 118(1):17-25.


02出典:
National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods (NACMCF). 1993. Report on generic HACCP for raw beef. Food Microbiol 10:449-488.


02出典:
National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria in Foods (NACMCF). 1997. Minutes from November 20, 1997, meeting.


02出典:
National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria in Foods (NACMCF). 1999. Minutes from December 10, 1999, meeting


02出典:
National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS). 1998. Livestock Slaughter: 1997 Summary. MtAn1-2-1(98):5,15.


02出典:
Newton, K.G., J.C. Harrison, and A. Wauters. 1978. Sources of psychotropic bacteria on meat at the abattoir. J Appl Bacteriol 45(1):75-82.


02出典:
Nilsson, L., L. Gram, and H.H. Huss. 1999. Growth control of Listeria monocytogenes on cold-smoked salmon using a competitive lactic acid bacteria flora. J Food Prot 62:336-342.


02出典:
Nutsch, A.L., R.K. Phebus, M.J. Riemann, J.S. Kotrola, D.E. Schaefer, J.E. Boyer, Jr., R.C. Wilson, J.D. Leising, and C.L. Castner. 1997. Evaluation of a steam pasteurization process in a commercial beef processing facility. J Food Prot 60:485-492.


02出典:
Nutsch, A.L., R.K. Phebus, M.J. Riemann, J.S. Kotrola, R.C. Wilson, J.E. Boyer, Jr., and T.L. Brown. 1998. Steam pasteurization of commercially slaughtered beef carcasses: Evaluation of bacterial populations at five anatomical locations. J Food Prot 61:571-577.


02出典:
Phebus, R., Kansas State University (Manhattan, KS). 1999. Personal communication.


02出典:
Phebus, R.K., A.L. Nutsch, D.E. Schafer, R.C. Wilson, M.J. Riemann, J.D. Leising, C.L. Kastner, J.R. Wolf, and R.K. Prasai. 1997. Comparison of steam pasteurization and other methods for reduction of pathogens on surfaces of freshly slaughtered beef. J Food Prot 60:476-484.


02出典:
Prasai, R., R.K. Phebus, C.M. Garcia Zepeda, C.C. Kastner, A.E. Boyle, and D.Y.C. Fung. 1995. Effectiveness of trimming and/or washing on microbiological quality of beef carcass. J Food Prot 58:1114-1177.


02出典:
Puyalto, C., C. Colmin, and A. Laval. 1997. Salmonella typhimurium contamination from farm to meat in adult cattle. Descriptive study. Vet Res 28:449-460.


02出典:
Rice, D.H., E.D. Ebel, D.D. Hancock, D.E. Herriott, and L.V. Carpenter. 1997. Escherichia coli O157 in cull dairy cows on farm, and at slaughter. J Food Prot 60:1-2.


02出典:
Ross, T. and T.A. McMeekin. 1991. Predictive microbiology: Applications of a square root model. Food Australia 43:202-207.


02出典:
Sage, J.R., and S.C. Ingham. 1998. Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 after freezing and thawing in ground beef patties. J Food Prot 61(9):1181-1183.


02出典:
Sanderson, M.W., J.M. Gay, D.D. Hancock, C.C. Gray, L.K. Fox, and T.E. Besser. 1995. Sensitivity of bacteriologic culture for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in bovine feces. J Clin Microbiol 33(10):2616-2629.


02出典:
Sargeant, J.M., J.R. Gillespie, R.D. Oberst, R.K. Phebus, D.R. Hyatt, L.K. Bohra, and J.C. Galland. 2000. Results of a longitudinal study of the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 on cow-calf farms. Am J Vet Res 61(11):1375-1379.


02出典:
Scanga, J.A., A.D. Grona, K.E. Belk, J.N. Sofos, and G.R. Smith. 2000. Microbiological contamination of raw beef trimmings and ground beef. Meat Sci 56:145-152.


02出典:
Semanchek, J.J., and D.A. Golden. 1998. Influence of growth temperature on inactivation and injury of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by heat, acid, and freezing. J Food Prot 61:395-401.


02出典:
Sheridan, J., B. Lynch, and D. Harrington. 1992. The effect of boning plant cleaning on the contamination of beef cuts in commercial boning hall. Meat Sci 32:155-164.


02出典:
Siragusa, G.R., W.J. Dorsa, C.N. Cutter, G.L. Bennett, J.E. Keen, and M. Koohmaraie. 1998. The incidence of Escherichia coli on beef carcasses and its association with aerobic mesophilic plate count categories during the slaughter process. J Food Prot 61:1269-1274.


02出典:
Smeltzer, T., B. Peel, and G. Collins. 1998. The role of equipment that has direct contact with the carcass in the spread of Salmonella in beef abattoir. Aust Vet J 55:275-277.


02出典:
Smith, D.R. 1999. Designing Strategies for Food Safety Pathogen Containment in Cattle Feedyards. Presented at Annual Meeting of U.S. Animal Health Association, San Diego, CA.


02出典:
Smith, G., Colorado State University.Meat Sciences Department. 1998. Personal communication.


02出典:
Van Donkersgoed, J., T. Graham, and V. Gannon. 1999. The prevalence of vertoxins, E. coli O157:H7, and Salmonella in the feces and rumen of cattle at processing. Can Vet J 40:332-338.


02出典:
Van Laack, R.L.J.M., W.B. Berry, and M.B. Solomon. 1996. Effect of precooking conditions on color of cooked beef patties. J Food Prot 59:976-983.


02出典:
Vose, D.J. 1996. Quantitative Risk Analysis: A Guide to Monte Carlo Simulation Modeling. West Sussex, England: John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.


02出典:
Vose, D.J. 1999. Fitting second order nonparametric distributions to data using Bayes’ theorem, Unpublished manuscript.


02出典:
Walls, I., and V.N. Scott. 1996. Validation of predictive mathematical models describing the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in raw ground beef. J Food Prot 59:1331-1335.


02出典:
Zhao, T., M.P. Doyle, J. Shere, and L. Garber. 1995. Prevalence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a survey of dairy herds. Appl Environ Microbiol 61:1290-1293.


02出典:
Bieber, D., S.W. Ramer, C.-Y. Wu, W.J. Murray, T. Tobe, R. Fernandez, and G.K. Schoolnik. 1998. Type IV pili, transient bacterial aggregates, and virulence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Science 280:2114-2118.


02出典:
Buchanan, R., J. Smith, and W. Long. 2000. Microbial risk assessment: dose-response relations and risk characterization. Int J Food Microbiol 58:159-172.


02出典:
Cassin, M.H., A.M. Lammerding, E.C.D. Todd, W. Ross, and R.S. McColl. 1998. Quantitative risk assessment for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef hamburgers. Int J Food Microbiol 41:21-44.


02出典:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 1997. Foodborne diseases active surveillance network, 1996. MMWR 46(12):258-261.


02出典:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 1998. FoodNet Surveillance Report for 1997. Final Report. (Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/foodnet).


02出典:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2000. FoodNet Surveillance Report for 1999. Final Report. (Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/foodnet).


02出典:
Cieslak, P.R., S.J. Noble, D.J. Maxson, L.C. Empey, O. Ravenholt, G. Legarza, J. Tuttle, M.P. Doyle, T.J. Barrett, J.G. Wells, A.M. McNamara, and P.M. Griffin. 1997. Hamburger-associated Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in Las Vegas: A hidden epidemic. Am J Public Health 87(2):176-180.


02出典:
Hedberg, C., F. Angulo, J. Townes, J. Hadler, D. Vugia, and J. Garley. 1997. Differences in Escherichia coli O157:H7 annual incidence among FoodNet active surveillance sites. 5th International VTEC Producing Escherichia coli Meeting. Baltimore, MD, July.


02出典:
Kassenborg, H., C. Hedberg, M. Hoekstra, M.C. Evans, A.E. Chin, R. Marcus, D. Vugia, K. Smith, S. Desai, L. Slutsker, and P. Griffin. 2001. Farm visits and undercooked hamburgers as major risk factors for sporadic Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections.data from a case-control study in five FoodNet sites. Manuscript in preparation.


02出典:
Levine, M.M., H.L. Dupont, S.B. Formal, R.B. Hornick, A. Takeuchi, E.J. Gangarosa, M.J. Snyder, and J.P. Libonati. 1973. Pathogenesis of Shigella dysenteriae 1 (Shiga) dysentery. J Infect Dis 127(3):261-270.


02出典:
Levine, M.M., E.J. Bergquist, D.R. Nalin, D.H. Waterman, R.B. Hornick, C.R. Young, and S. Sotman. 1978. Escherichia coli strains that cause diarrhea but do not produce heat-labile or heat-stable enterotoxins and are non-invasive. Lancet 1(8074):1119.


02出典:
Adesiyun (1993) Prevalence of Listeria spp., Campylobacter spp. Salmonella spp. Yersinia spp. and toxigenicEscherichia coli on meat and seafoods in Trinidad, Food Microbiology, 10, 395 - 403


02出典:
Lingwood, C.A., M. Mylvaganam, S. Arab, A.A. Khine, G. Magnusson, S. Grinstein, and P.-G. Nyholm. 1998. Shiga toxin (verotoxin) binding to its receptor glycolipid. Pp. 92-108 in Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Other Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Strains, J.B. Kaper and A.D. O’Brien, eds. Washington, DC: ASM Press.


02出典:
MacDonald, K.W., M.J. O’Leary, M.L. Cohen, P. Norris, J.G. Wells, E. Noll, J.M. Kobayashi, and P.A. Blake. 1988. Escherichia coli O157:H7, an emerging gastrointestinal pathogen: results of a one-year, prospective, population-based study. JAMA 259(24):3567-3570.


02出典:
Anon (1996) Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, New Zealand Public Health Report, 3 (2), 14


02出典:
Anon (1997) Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, New Zealand Public Health Report, 3 (2), 14


02出典:
Marks, H.M., M.E. Coleman, C.T. Lin, and T. Roberts. 1998. Topics in microbial risk assessment: Dynamic flow tree process. Risk Anal 18(3):309-328.


02出典:
Anon (1998) Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, New Zealand Public Health Report, 3 (2), 14


02出典:
Anon (1999) Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, New Zealand Public Health Report, 3 (2), 14


02出典:
Mead, P.S., L. Finelli, M.A. Lambert-Fair, D. Champ, J. Townes, L. Hutwagner, T. Barrett, and K. Spitalny. 1997. Risk factors for sporadic infection with Escherichia coli O157:H7. Arch Intern Med 157:204-208.


02出典:
Mead, P.S., L. Slutsker, V. Dietz, L.F. McCaig, J.S. Bresee, C. Shapiro, P.M. Griffin, and R.B. Tauxe. 1999. Food-related illness and death in the United States. Emerg Infect Dis 5(5):1-33.


02出典:
Anon (2000) Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, New Zealand Public Health Report, 3 (2), 14


02出典:
Ostroff, S.M., J.M. Kobayashi, and J.H. Lewis. 1989. Infections with Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Washington State. JAMA 262(3):355.


02出典:
Anon (2001) Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, New Zealand Public Health Report, 3 (2), 14


02出典:
Pai, C.H., J.K. Kelly, and G. Meyers. 1986. Experimental infection of infant rabbits with verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 51(1):16-23.


02出典:
ANZFA (1999) P178 ・Review of Microbiological Standards ・Full Assessment Report, ANZFA, Canberra


02出典:
Powell, M., E. Ebel, W. Schlosser, M. Walderhaug, and J. Kause. 2000. Dose-response envelope for Escherichia coli O157:H7. Quant Microbiol 2(2):141-163.


02出典:
Regli, S., J.B. Rose, C.N. Haas, and C.P. Gerba. 1991. Modeling risk for pathogens in drinking water. J Am Water Works Assoc 83(11):76.


02出典:
Slutsker, L., A.A. Ries, K.D. Greene, J.G. Wells, L. Hutwagner, and P.M. Griffin for the Escherichia coli O157:H7 Study Group. 1997. Escherichia coli O157:H7 diarrhea in the United States: Clinical and epidemiologic features. Ann Intern Med 126:505-513.


02出典:
Arnold G and Coble J (1995) Incidence of Listeria species in foods in NSW, Food Australia, 47 (2), 71 ・75


02出典:
Slutsker, L., A.A. Ries, K. Maloney, J.G. Wells, K.D. Greene, and P.M. Griffin. 1998. A nationwide case-control study of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in the United States. J Infect Dis 177:962-966.


02出典:
Arumugaswamy R, Ali G and Hamid S (1994) Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in foods in Malaysia,International Journal of Food Microbiology, 23, 117 - 121


02出典:
Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (2001) Australian Fisheries Statistics 2000,Canberra


02出典:
Vose, D. 1996. Quantitative Risk Analysis: A Guide to Monte Carlo Simulation Modeling. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


02出典:
Bannerman E (1995) Serotyping of Listeria monocytogenes, in Arnold G, Sutherland P and Szabo E (eds)Detection, Identification and Typing of Listeria monocytogenes in foods, Workshop Manual, XII InternationalSymposium on Problems of Listeria, Perth Australia


02出典:
World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization (WHO/FAO). 2000. Guidelines on Hazard Characterization for Pathogens in Food and Water. Bilhoven, The Netherlands, June 13-18, 2000.


02出典:
Ben Embarek P-K (1994) Presence, detection and growth of Listeria monocytogenes in seafoods: a review,International Journal of Food Microbiology, 23, 17-34


02出典:
Berry T, Park D and Lightner D (1994) Comparison of the microbial quality of raw shrimp from China,Ecuador, or Mexico at both wholesale and retail levels, Journal of Food Protection, 57 (2), 150 - 153


02出典:
Bhaskar N, Setty T, Mondal S, Joseph M, Raju C, Raghunath B and Anatha C (1998) Prevalence of bacteria ofpublic health significance in the cultured shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Food Microbiology, 15, 511 - 519


02出典:
Bille J (1990) Epidemiology of human listeriosis in Europe, with special reference to the Swiss outbreak, inMiller, Smith and Somkuti (eds), Foodborne Listeriosis, Elsevier Publishers, Amsterdam


02出典:
Brett M, Short P and McLauchlin J (1998) A Small Outbreak of Listeriosis Associated with Smoked Mussels,International Journal of Food Microbiology, 43, 223-229


02出典:
Buchanan and Klawitter (1992) Effectiveness of Carnobacterium priscicola LK5 for controlling the growth ofL. monocytogenes Scott A in refrigerated foods, Journal of Food Safety, 12, 219 - 236


02出典:
Chiasson S, Cormier A, Cormier R and Beaulieu C (1998) Possible in-plant sources of contamination of lobsterand snow crab by Listeria, Journal of Aquatic Product Technology, 7 (3), 63 - 78


02出典:
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 1999. 1999 Food Code. (Available at: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/foodcode.html).


02出典:
Jackson, L.A., W.E. Keene, J.M. McAnulty, E.R. Alexander, M. Diermayer, M.A. Davis, K. Hedberg, J. Boase, T.J. Barrett, M. Samadopour, and D.W. Fleming. 2000. Where’s the beef? The role of cross-contamination in 4 chain restaurant-associated outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the Pacific Northwest. Arch Intern Med 160(15):2380-2385.


02出典:
Green, E.J., D.W. MacFarlane, and H.T. Valentine. 2000. Bayesian synthesis for quantifying uncertainty in predictions from process models. Tree Physiology 20:415-419.


02出典:
Okrend, A.J.G., B.E. Rose, and R. Matner. 1990. An improved screening method for the detection and isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from meat, incorporating the 3M petrifilm test kit.HEC.for hemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. J Food Prot 53(11):936-940.


02出典:
Vose, D.J. 1996. Quantitative Risk Analysis: A Guide to Monte Carlo Simulation Modeling. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


02出典:
Dupont, H.L., R.B. Hornick, A.T. Dawkins, M.J. Snyder, and S.B. Formal. 1969. The response of man to virulent Shigella flexneri 2a. J Infect Dis 119:296-299.


02出典:
Dupont, H.L., R.B. Hornick, M.J. Snyder, J.P. Libonati, S.B. Formal, and E.J. Gangarosa. 1972. Immunity in Shigellosis II. Protection induced by oral live vaccine or primary infection. J Infect Dis 125(1):12-16.


02出典:
DuPont, H.L., M.M. Levine, R.B. Hornick, and S.B. Formal. 1989. Inoculum size in shigellosis and implications for expected mode of transmission. J Infect Dis 159(6):1126-1128.


02出典:
Evans, D.G., D.J. Evans, Jr., W.S. Tjoa, and H.L. Dupont. 1978. Detection and characterization of colonization factor of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from adults with diarrhea. Infect Immun 19:727-736.


02出典:
Ferguson, W.W., and R.C. June. 1952. Experiments on feeding adult volunteers with Escherichia coli 111, B5, a coliform organism associated with infant diarrhea. Am J Hyg 55(2):155-169.


02出典:
June, R.C., W.W. Ferguson, and M.T. Worfel. 1953. Experiments in feeding adult volunteers with Escherichia coli 55, B5, a coliform organism associated with infant diarrhea. Am J Hyg 57:222-236.


02出典:
Chinivasaham, Bremner, Nottingham and Thrower (1997) The microbiological status of prawns from retail andwholesale outlets in the Brisbane region, Food Australia, 49 (12), 592 ・595


02出典:
Levine, M.M., H.L. DuPont, S.B. Formal, R.B. Hornick, A. Takeuchi, E.J. Gangarosa, M.J. Snyder, and J.P. Libonati. 1973. Pathogenesis of Shigella dysenteriae 1 (Shiga) dysentery. J Infect Dis 127(3):261-270.


02出典:
Levine, M.M., E.S. Caplan, D. Waterman, R.A. Cash, R.B. Hornick, and M.J. Snyder. 1977. Diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli that produce only heat-stable enterotoxin. Infect Immun 17(1):78-82


02出典:
Codex Alimentarius Commission (1999) Principles and Guidelines for the Conduct of Microbiological RiskAssessment, 23rd Session, Rome, ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/alinorm99/cac23rep_complet.pdf (accessed July 2001)Codex Alimentarius Commission (2001)


02出典:
Levine, M.M., E.J. Bergquist, D.R. Nalin, D.H. Waterman, R.B. Hornick, C.R. Young, and S. Sotman. 1978. Escherichia coli strains that cause diarrhoea but do not produce heat-labile or heat-stable enterotoxins and are non-invasive. Lancet 1(8074):1119-1122.


02出典:
Levine, M.M., D.R. Nalin, D.L. Hoover, E.J. Bergquist, R.B. Hornick, and C.R. Young. 1979. Immunity to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 23(3):729-736.


02出典:
Dean, C.B., 1998. Overdispersion. In: T. Colton (Ed), Encyclopedia of biostatistics. Vol. 4. 6 vols. Wiley & Sons, Chichester, pp. 3226-3232.


02出典:
DuPont, H.L., Chappell, C.L., Sterling, C.R., Okhuysen, P.C., Rose, J.B., Jakubowski, W., 1995. The infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum in healthy volunteers. N Engl J Med 332, 855-9.


02出典:
Efron, B., Tibshirani, R.J., 1993. An introduction to the Bootstrap. Monograph on statistics and applied probability 57. Chapman et Hall/CRC, Boca Raton.


02出典:
FAO-WHO, 1997. Risk management and food safety. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Consultation. Food and Agricultural Organisation. 27-31/01/1997, 27 pp


02出典:
Haas, C.N., Crockett, C.S., Rose, J.B., Gerba, C.P., Fazil, A.M., 1996. Assessing the risk posed by oocysts in drinking water. JAWWA, 131-136.


02出典:
Haas, C.n., Rose, J.B., Gerba, C.P., 1999. Quantitative microbial risk assessment. Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 449.


02出典:
Okhuysen, P.C., Chappell, C.L., Crabb, J.H., Sterling, C.R., DuPont, H.L., 1999. Virulence of three distinct Cryptosporidium parvum isolates for healthy adults. Journal of Infectious Diseases 180, 1275-81.


02出典:
Teunis, P.F., Nagelkerke, N.J., Haas, C.N., 1999. Dose response models for infectiousgastroenteritis. Risk Anal 19, 1251-60.


02出典:
The R Core Team, 2001. The R reference index, version 1.2.3. 26/04/2001, 880 pp.


02出典:
Volatier (coord.), J.L., 2000. Enquete INCA enquete individuelle et nationale sur lesconsommations alimentaires. Tech.& Doc. Lavoisier, Paris.


02出典:
Vose, D., 2000. Risk Analysis, A quantitative guide, 2nd ed. Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp. 418


02出典:
Yang, S., Benson, S.K., Du, C., Healey, M.C., 2000. Infection of immunosuppressed C57BL/6N adult mice with a single oocyst of Cryptosporidium parvum. J Parasitol 86, 884-7.


02出典:
Communicable Diseases Network Australia (2001) National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, personalcommunication (http://www.health.gov.au/pubhlth/cdi.htm) (accessed May 2001)


02出典:
Degnan A, Kaspar C, Otwell W, Tamplin M and Luchanasky J (1994) Evaluation of lactic acid bacterium fermentation products and food-grade chemicals to control Listeria monocytogenes in blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) meat, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 60 (9), 3198 - 3203


02出典:
Dillon R, Patel T and Martin A (1994) Microbiological control for fish smoking operations, in Martin A (ed) Fisheries Processing, Chapman and Hall, London


02出典:
Dorsa W, Marshall D, Moody M and Hackney C (1993) Low temperature growth and thermal inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in precooked crawfish tail meat, Journal of Food Protection, 56 (2), 106 - 109


02出典:
Doyle M (1988) Effect of Environmental and Processing Conditions on Listeria monocytogenes, Food Technology, 42 (2), 169-171


02出典:
Duffes F, Corre C, Leroi F, Dousset X and Boyaval P (1999) Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by in situ produced and semipurified bacteriocins of Carnobacterium spp. on vacuum-packed, refrigerated cold-smoked salmon, Journal of Food Protection, 62 (12), 1394 . 1403


02出典:
Ericsson H, Eklow A, Danielsson-Tham M-L, Loncarevic S, Mentzing L-O, Persson I, Unnerstand H, Tham W (1997) An Outbreak of Listeriosis suspected to have been caused by Rainbow Trout, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 35 (11), 2904-2907


02出典:
European Commission (1999) Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Veterinary Measures Relating to Public Health on Listeria monocytogenes


02出典:
FAO (1999) FAO Fisheries Report No. 604, FAO Expert Consultation on the trade impact of Listeria in fish products Amherst USA 17-20 May 1999, FAO, Rome (http://www.fao.org/icatalog/inter-e.htm) (accessed February 2002)


02出典:
FAO/WHO (2000) Expert consultation on risk assessment of microbiological hazards in foods, FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 71, FAO and WHO, Rome http://www.fao.org/es/esn/pagerisk/riskpage.htm (accessed July 2001)


02出典:
Farber J, Daley E, Mackie M and Limerick B (2000) A small outbreak of listeriosis potentially linked to the consumption of imitation crab meat, Letters in Applied Microbiology, 31, 100 - 104


02出典:
Fenlon D (1999) Listeria monocytogenes in the Natural Environment, in Marth E and Ryser E (eds) Listeria, Listeriosis and Food Safety 2nd Edition, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York


02出典:
Fuchs R and Reilly P (1992) The incidence and significance of Listeria monocytogenes in seafood, in Huss, Jakobsen and Liston (eds) Quality assurance in the fish industry: Proceedings of the International Conference 1991, Elsevier, Amsterdam


02出典:
Gecan J, Bandler R and Staruszkiewicz W (1994) Fresh and frozen shrimp: a profile of filth, microbiological contamination, and decomposition, Journal of Food Protection, 57 (2) 154 - 158


02出典:
Grau F and Vanderlinde P (1992) Occurrence, numbers and growth of L. monocytogeneson some vacuumpackaged processed meat products, Journal of Food Protection, 55, 4-7


02出典:
Harrison M and Huang Y-W (1990) Thermal death times for Listeria monocytogenes (Scott A) in crabmeat, Journal of Food Protection, 53 (10), 878 - 880


02出典:
Hartemink R and Georgsson F (1991) Incidence of Listeria species in seafood and seafood salads, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 12, 189 - 196


02出典:
Hofer E and Ribeiro R (1990) Ocorrencia de especies de Listeria em camarao industrializado, Revista de microbiologia, 21 (2), 207 . 208


02出典:
ICMSF (1996) Microorganisms in Food 5: Microbiological Specifications of Food Pathogens, Blackie Academic and Professional, London


02出典:
Jay L, Comar D and Govenlock L (1998) Hazards and exposure in the meat distribution, foodservice and home sectors, Project MSHE.007, prepared for Meat Research Corporation


02出典:
Jeyasekaran G, Karunasagar I and Karunasagar I (1996) Incidence of Listeria spp. in tropical fish, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 31, 333 - 340


02出典:
Jinneman K, Wekell M and Eklund M (1999) Incidence and behaviour of Listeria monocytogenes in fish and seafood, in Marth E and Ryser E (eds) Listeria, Listeriosis and Food Safety 2nd Edition, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York


02出典:
Kampelmacher (1989) Foodborne Listeriosis . Facts and Fiction, in Foodborne Listeriosis: Proceedings of a Symposium on September 7 1988 in Wiesbaden, FRG, Technomic Publication, Pennsylvania


02出典:
Kieft, Perks, Baker, Galloway, Sutherland (2000) Annual Surveillance Summary 1999, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Client Report FW0059, ESR, Porirua


02出典:
Lou Y and Yousef A (1999) Characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes important to food processors, in Marth E and Ryser E (eds) Listeria, Listeriosis and Food Safety 2nd Edition, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York


02出典:
Lovett, Francis and Bradshaw (1990) Outgrowth of Listeria monocytogenes in foods, in Miller, Smith and Somkuti (eds), Foodborne Listeriosis, Elsevier Publishers, Amsterdam


02出典:
Maijala R, Lyytikainen O, Johansson T, Autio T, Aalto T, Haavisto L and Hoonkane-Bulzaski T (2001) Exposure of Listeria monocytogenes within an epidemic caused by butter in Finland, International Journal of Food Microbiology 70, 97 -109


02出典:
Marth E (1988) Disease Characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes, Food Technology, 42 (4), 165-168


02出典:
McCarthy S (1990) Listeria in the environment, in Miller, Smith and Somkuti (eds), Foodborne Listeriosis, Elsevier Publishers, Amsterdam


02出典:
McCarthy S, Motes M and McPhearson M (1990) Recovery of heat-stressed Listeria monocytogenes from experimentally and naturally contaminated shrimp, Journal of Food Protection, 53 (1), 22 . 25


02出典:
McLauchlin J and Nichols G (1994) Listeria and seafood, PHLS Microbiology Digest, 11 (3), 151 - 154


02出典:
McLennan W and Podger A (1997) National Nutrition Survey: Selected highlights Australia 1995, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra


02出典:
McLennan W and Podger A (1998a) National Nutrition Survey Users’ Guide, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra


02出典:
McLennan W and Podger A (1998b) National Nutrition Survey: Nutrient intakes and physical measurements Australia 1995, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra


02出典:
McLennan W and Podger A (1999) National Nutrition Survey: Foods eaten, Australia 1995, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra


02出典:
Ministry of Health (1995) Microbiological Reference Criteria for Food, Version 2.0 October 1995


02出典:
Misrachi A, Watson A and Coleman D (1991) Listeria in Smoked Mussels in Tasmania, Communicable Diseases Intelligence, 15, 427


02出典:
Mitchell D (1991) A Case Cluster of Listeriosis in Tasmania, Communicable Diseases Intelligence, 15, 427


02出典:
Motes M (1991) Incidence of Listeria spp. in shrimp, oysters, and estuarine waters, Journal of Food Protection, 54 (3), 170 - 173


02出典:
National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for foods (1991) The Human Infective Dose of Listeria monocytogenes, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 14, 216-219


02出典:
Noah C, Perez J, Ramos N, McKee C and Gipson M (1991) Detection of Listeria spp. in naturally contaminated seafoods using four enrichment procedures, Journal of Food Protection, 54 (3), 174 - 177


02出典:
Poole S, Gillmore T and Giles J (1989) Bacteriological quality of seafood retailed in Brisbane, Food Australia, 41 (12), 1104 - 1108


02出典:
Rawles D, Flick G, Pierson M, Diallo A, Wittman R and Croonenberghs R (1995) Listeria monocytogenes occurrence and growth at refrigeration temperatures in fresh blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) meat, Journal of Food Protection, 58 (11), 1219 - 1221


02出典:
Rocourt J and Brosch R (1992) Human listeriosis 1990, WHO Collaborating Centre for Foodborne Listeriosis


02出典:
Rorvik and Yndestad (1991) Listeria monocytogenes in foods in Norway, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 13, 97 - 104


02出典:
Ross T, Dalgaard P and Tienungoon S (2000) Predictive modelling of the growth and survival of Listeria in fishery products, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 62, 231-245


02出典:
Russell D, Parnell W and Wilson N (1999) NZ Food: NZ People; Key results of the 1997 National Nutrition Survey, Ministry of Health, Wellington


02出典:
Ryu C-H, Igimi S, Inoue S and Kumagai S (1992) The incidence of Listeria species in retail foods in Japan, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 16, 157 - 160


02出典:
Salamina G, Dalle Donne E, Niccolini A, Poda G, Cesaroni D, Bucci M, Fini R, Maldini M, Schuchat A, Swaminathan B, Bibb W, Rocourt J, Binkin N and Salmaso S (1996) A foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis involving Listeria monocytogenes, Epidemiological Infections, 117, 429-436


02出典:
Sutherland P and Porritt R (1997) Listeria monocytogenes, in Hocking E (editor-in-chief), Foodborne Microorganisms of Public Health Significance 5th Edition, Australian Institute of Food Science and Technology Inc., Sydney


02出典:
Tan A, Li H, Heaton, S and Forsyth, JRL (1995) Probing epidemiological associations of Listeria monocytogenes with PGFE techniques. Proceedings of the XII International symposium on problems of listeriosis, Perth 2-6 October 1995


02出典:
United States Food and Drug Administration (1999) Structure and Initial Data Survey for the Risk Assessment of Public Health Impact of Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes, (http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/listrisk.html)


02出典:
United States Food and Drug Administration (January 19 2001) Relative Risk to Public Health from Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes among selected categories of ready-to-eat foods, Draft risk assessment, Federal Register 66 (13)


02出典:
Valdimarrson G, Einarsson H, Gudbjornsdottir B, Magnusson M (1998) Microbiological quality of Icelandic cooked-peeled shrimp (Pandalus borealis), International Journal of Food Microbiology, 45, 157 - 161


02出典:
Weagant S, Sado P, Colburn K, Torkelson J, Stanley F, Krane M, Shields S and Thayer C (1988) The incidence of Listeria spp. in frozen seafood products, Journal of Food Protection, 51 (8), 655 . 657


02出典:
Nyfeldt, A. 1929. Etiologie de la mononucleose infectieuse. Soc. Biol. 101:590-592.


02出典:
Welshimer, H.J. 1960. Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in soil. J. Bacteriol. 80:316-320.


02出典:
Weis, J. 1975. The incidence of L. monocytogenes on plants and in soil. In: M. Woodbine, ed. Problems of Listeriosis. Leicester, UK: Leicester University Press, pp. 61-65.


02出典:
Welshimer, H.J. 1968. Isolation of L. monocytogenes from vegetation. J. Bacteriol. 95:300-303.


02出典:
Bille, J. 1990. Epidemiology of human listerisosis in Europe, with special reference to the Swiss outbreak. In: A.J. Miller, J.L. Smith., and G.A. Somkuti, eds. Foodborne Listeriosis. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 71-74.


02出典:
Bula, C.J., J. Bille, and M.P. Glauser. 1995. An epidemic of food-borne listeriosis in Western Switzerland: description of 57 cases involving adults. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20:66-72.


02出典:
Dalton, C.B., C.C. Austin, J. Sobel, P.S. Hayes, W.F. Bibb, L.M. Graves, B. Swaminathan, M.E. Proctor, and P.M. Griffin. 1997. Listeriosis from chocolate milk: linking of an outbreak of febrile gastroenteritis and “sporadic’ invasive disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 336:100-105.


02出典:
Fleming D.W., S.L. Cochi, K.L. Macdonald, J. Brondum, P.S. Hayes, B.D. Plikaytis, M.B. Holmes, A. Audurier, C.V. Broome, and A.L. Reingold. 1985. Pasteurized mild as a vehicle of infection in an outbreak of listeriosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 312:404-407.


02出典:
Goulet, V., A. Lepoutre, J. Rocourt, A.L. Courtieu, P. Dehaumont, and P. Veit. 1993. Epidemie de listeriose en France: bilan final et resultats de l’enguete epidmiologique. Bull. Epidemiol. Hebdom. 4:13-14.


02出典:
Ho, J.L., K.N. Shands, G. Friedland, P. Eckind, and D.W. Fraser. 1986. An outbreak of type 4b Listeria monocytogenes infection involving patients from eight Boston hospitals. Arch. Intern. Med. 146:520-524.


02出典:
Linman, M.J., L. Mascola, X.D. Lou, V. Goulet, S. May, C. Salminen, D.W. Hird, M.L. Yonkura, P. Hayes, R. Weaver, A. Audurier, B.D. Plikaytis, S.L. Fannin, A. Kleks, and C.V. Broome. 1988. Epidemic listeriosis associated with Mexican-style cheese. N. Engl. J. Med. 319: 823-828.


02出典:
McLauchlin, J., S.M. Hall, S.K. Velani, and R.J. Gilbert. 1991. Human listeriosis and pate: a possible association. Br. Med. J. 303:773-775.


02出典:
Riedo, F.X., R.W. Pinner, M.L. Tosca, M.L. Cartter, L.M. Graves, M.W. Reeves, R.E. Weaver, B.D. Plikatytisk and C.V. Broome. 1994. A point-source foodborne listeriosis outbreak: documented incubation period and possible mild illness. J. Infect. Dis. 170:693-696.


02出典:
Schlech, W.F., P.M. Lavigne, R.A.Bortolussi, A.C. Allen, E.V. Haldane, A.J. Wort, A.W. Hightower, S.E. Johnson, S.H. King, E.S. Nicholls, and C.V. Broome. 1983. Epidemic listeriosis - evidence for transmission by food. N. Engl. J. Med. 308:203-206.


02出典:
Nguyen, M.H., and V.L. Yu. 1994. Listeria monocytogenes peritonitis in cirrhotic patients. Dig. Dis. Sci. 39:215-218.


02出典:
Schuchat, A., K. Deaver, J.D. Wenger, B.C. Plikaytis, L. Mascola, R.W. Pinner, A.L. Reingold, C.V. Broome, and the Listeria Study Group. 1992. Role of foods in sporadic listeriosis, I: Case-control study of dietary risk factors. J.A.M.A. 267:2041-2045.


02出典:
Schwartz, B., C.A. Cisielski, C.V. Broome, S. Gaventa, G.R. Brown, B.G. Gellin, A.W. Hightower, L. Mascola, and the Listeria Study Group. 1988. Association of sporadic listeriosis with consumption on uncooked hotdogs and undercooked chicken. Lancet 2:779-782.


02出典:
Baloga, A.O., and S.K. Harlander. 1991. Comparison of methods for discrimination between strains of Listeria monocytogenes from epidemiological surveys. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57:2324-2331.


02出典:
Bassler, H.A., S.J.A. Flood, K.J. Livak, J. Marmaro, R. Knorr, and C.A. Batt. 1995. Use of a fluoogenic probe in a PCR-based assay for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:3724-3728.


02出典:
Bille, J., and J. Rocourt. 1996. WHO international multicenter Listeria monocytogenes subtyping study - rationale and set-up of the study. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 32:251-262.


02出典:
Ryser, E.T., and E.H. Marth, 1991. Rapid methods to detect Listeria monocytogenes in food and environmental samples. In :Listeria, Listeriosis, and Food Safety, New York: Marcel Dekker, pp. 194-239.


02出典:
Ryser, E.T., and E.H. Marth, 1991. Conventional methods to detect and isolate Listeria monocytogenes. In: Listeria, Listeriosis, and Food Safety, New York: Marcel Dekker, pp. 120-193.


02出典:
Gellin, B.G., and C.V. Broome. 1989. Listeriosis. J.A.M.A. 261:1313-1320.


02出典:
Tappero, J.W., A. Schuchat, K.A. Deaver, L. Mascola, J.D. Wenger, and the Listeriosis Study Group. 1995. Reduction in the incidence of human listeriosis in the United States: effectiveness of prevention efforts? J. Am. Med. Assoc. 273:1118-1122.


02出典:
Torvaldsen S, Kurinczuk JJ, Bower C, Parsons DE, Roberts CL. 1999. Listeria awareness among new mothers in Western Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health 23(4): 362-7


02出典:
Niels le Souef P, Walters BN. 1981. Neonatal listeriosis: a summer outbreak. Med J Aust.122; 2(4):188-91


02出典:
Hall R, Shaw D,Lim I, Murphy F, Davos D, Lanser J, Delroy B, Tribe I, Holland R, Carman J. 1996. A cluster of listeriosis cases in South Australia. Commun Dis Intell. 20(21):465


02出典:
Paul ML, Dwyer DE, Chow C, Robson J, Chambers I, Eagles G, Ackerman V. 1994. Listeriosis . a review of eighty-four cases. Med J Aust.160:489-93


02出典:
Szabo EA, Desmarchelier PM. 1990. A comparative study of clinical and food isolates of Listeria monocytogenes and related species. Epidemiol Infect. 105(2):245-54


02出典:
Anon. A cluster of Listeriosis in the Hunter. 2000. New South Wales Public Health Bulletin. 11(3):41


02出典:
Listeria . Editorial comment.1992. Infectious Diseases, NSW. 3(12):140-1


02出典:
Sutherland and Porritt. 1997. Listeria monocytogenes, in Hocking (editor-in-chief), FoodborneMicroorganisms of Public Health Significance 5th Edition, Australian Institute of Food Science and Technology Inc., Sydney


02出典:
Watson C, Ott K. 1990. Listeria outbreak in Western Australia. Commun Dis Intell 1990; 24: 9-12


02出典:
Misrachi A, Mitchell (1991) A case cluster of listeriosis in Tasmania, Commun Dis Intell. 15(23):427


02出典:
Paul ML, Dwyer DE, Chow C, Robson J, Chambers I, Eagles G, Ackerman V. 1994. Listeriosis . a review of eighty-four cases. Med J Aust. 160:489-93.


02出典:
Communicable Diseases Network Australia New Zealand. 1998. National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System Annual Report.23 (11):289


02出典:
Australian Bureau of Statistics. Population Estimates.


02出典:
Tan A, Li H, Heaton S, et. al. 1995. Probing epidemiological associations of Listeria monocytogenes with PFGE techniques. Proceedings of the XII International Symposium on problems of listeriosis. Perth, ISOPOL XIII.


02出典:
Brett M SY, Short P and McLauchin, J (1998) A small outbreak of listeriosis associated with smoked mussels.International Journal of Food Microbiology 43 223-229


02出典:
Kieft C, Perks M, Baker M, Galloway Y, Sutherland H. (1999) Annual Surveillance Summary 1999. Institute of Environmental Science and Research Client Report FW0059. Porirua: ESR


02出典:
Scott W G, Scott H M, Lake, R J and Baker, M G (2000) Economic cost to New Zealand of foodborne infectious disease. New Zealand Medical Journal 14 July 2000, 281-4


02出典:
Sim J, Hood D, Finnie L, Wilson M, Graham C, Brett M and Hudson JA (In preparation)A series of incidents of Listeria monocytogenes non-invasive febrile gastroenteritis involving ready-to-eat meats.


02出典:
Arnold, G. and Coble, J. (1995). Incidence of Listeria species in foods in NSW. Food Australia, 47 (2), 71 . 75.


02出典:
CAC, (1999). Principles and guidelines for the conduct of microbiological risk Assessment. CAC/GL-30.


02出典:
Farber, J. M., W. H. Ross, and J. Harwig, (1996). Health risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in Canada. International Journal of Food Microbiology 30:145-156.


02出典:
ICMSF, (1994). Choice of sampling plan and criteria for Listeria monocytogenes - ICMSF.International Journal of Food Microbiology 22, 89-96.


02出典:
Lennon, D., Lewis, B., Mantell, C., Becroft, D., Dove, B., Farmer, K., Tonkin, S., Yeates, N., Stamp, R. and Mickelson, K. (1984). Epidemic perinatal listeriosis. Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 3 (1), 30 . 34.


02出典:
Misrachi, A., Watson, A. and Coleman, D. (1991). Listeria in Smoked Mussels in Tasmania. Communicable Diseases Intelligence, 15, 427.


02出典:
Mitchell, D. (1991). A Case Cluster of Listeriosis in Tasmania. Communicable Diseases Intelligence, 15, 427.


02出典:
Riedo, F., Pinner, R., Tosca, M., Cartter, M., Graves, L., Reeves, M., Weaver, R., Plikaytis, B. and Broome, C. (1994). A Point-Source Foodborne Listeriosis Outbreak: Documented Incubation Period and Possible Mild Illness. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 170, 693-696.


02出典:
Tan, A., Li, H., Heaton, S. and Forsyth, J. (1995). Probing epidemiological associations of Listeria monocytogenes with PGFE techniques. Proceedings of the XII International symposium on problems of listeriosis, Perth 2-6 October 1995.


02出典:
ANZFA (1999) P178 . Review of Microbiological Standards . Full Assessment Report, ANZFA, Canberra


02出典:
Anon (1996) Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, New Zealand Public Health Report, Vol 3, No 2, page 14


02出典:
Anon (1997) Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, New Zealand Public Health Report, Vol 3, No 2, page 14


02出典:
Anon (1998) Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, New Zealand Public Health Report, Vol 3, No 2, page 14


02出典:
Anon (1999) Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, New Zealand Public Health Report, Vol 3, No 2, page 14


02出典:
Anon (2000) Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, New Zealand Public Health Report, Vol 3, No 2, page 14


02出典:
Anonb (2000) Listeria monocytogenes, Lablink, Vol 7, No 2, page 16


02出典:
Anonc (2000) Listeriosis . France (05), ProMED-mail www.promed.mail.org (accessed June 2001)


02出典:
Anon (2001) Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, New Zealand Public Health Report, Vol 3, No 2, page 14


